DOE/BC-86/11/SP

(DE87001208)

FOSSIL ENERGY
SUPPORTING TECHNOLOGY FOR ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY
CHEMICAL FLOOD PREDICTIVE MODEL

One of a Series of Reports in the Field of Energy Research and Development Under the
Agreement Between

THE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

AND

THE MINISTRY OF ENERGY AND MINES OF THE REPUBLIC OF VENEZUELA

December 1986

VENEZUELA-MEM/USA-DOE FOSSIL ENERGY REPORT III-5

Bartlesville Project Office

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Bartlesville, Oklahoma
 DISCLAIMER

This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an

agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States
Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes
any warranty, express or implied. or assumes any legal liability or
responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any
information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that
its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to
any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name,
trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or
imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United
States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of
authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the
United States Government or any agency thereof.

Printed from the best available copy.

 DOE/BC-86/11/SP
(DE87001208)

SECOND AMENDMENT AND EXTENSION TO

Annex III -- Evaluation of Past and Ongoing Enhanced Oil Recovery

Projects

Implementing Agreement Between

THE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

and

THE MINISTRY OF ENERGY AND MINES OF THE REPUBLIC OF VENEZUELA

Submitted by:

R. Michael Ray, Program Manager Jos Diaz Muoz, Manager

Bartlesville Project Office Petroleum Engineering
U.S. Department of Energy INTEVEP, S.A.
Filial de Petroleos de Venezuela, S.A.

Approved by:

Robert L. Folstein, Director Enrique Vasquez, Technology Coordinator

Bartlesville Project Office Petroleos de Venezeula, S.A.
Bartlesville, OK Caracas, Venezuela
 FOREWORD

The Chemical Flood Predictive Model (CFPM) was developed for the Department of Energy
(DOE) by Intercomp Resource Development and Engineering, Incorporated, which is now part of
Scientific Software-Intercomp (551) Denver, Colorado. The model was developed to estimate
economically recoverable oil from reservoirs amenable to the chemical flood process while
requiring publicly available data. Publicly available data is generally limited to average rock and
fluid properties and is usually too limited to perform most simulation studies. For this reason, a
set of extensive defaults are built into the model - both in the predictive algorithms and the
economic routines. For versatility, each model allows the user to supply model required
parameters specific to the reservoir being evaluated.

CFPM was used in the 1982 - 1984 National Petroleum Council (NPC) study on EOR Potential.
The NPC reviewed and modified the predictive, economic, and data default routines to calibrate
the models with field histories and current economic standards.

The DOE, in a cooperative research program with the Ministry of Energy and Mines of Venezuela
(MEMV), made this predictive model available to Venezuela for documentation. Annex III of the
cooperative research program required Venezuela to select and fund a contractor to document
the five models used in the 1984 study. SSI was selected as the contractor to document the
models. The documentation for CFPM is being published as a joint DOE/MEMV document.

The user may wish to change the data input methodology to read the extensive data required for
the model from a sequential file (user defined). This change will facilitate the user evaluating
sensitivity runs on specific reservoir properties and chemical flooding parameters as the user, on
making an input error, is required to start at the beginning of data input.

Carlos Espinoza R. Michael Ray

INTEVEP Department of Energy
Los Teques, Venezuela Bartlesville Project Office
South America Bartlesville, Oklahoma
United States of America

ii
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 SUMMARY OF CHEMICAL FLOOD PREDICTIVE MODEL

1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Assumptions and Limitations of the CFPM 3
1.3 Oil Recovery Algorithms 4
Surfactant Retention 4
Target Oil Calculation 4
Oil Recovery Efficiency 5
Linear Displacement Efficiency 5
Vertical Sweep Efficiency 6
Polymer Sweep Efficiency 7
Oil Production Curve 7
1.4 Chemical Injection Schedule. 9
1.5 Modifications to CFPM for Caustic Flooding 11
1.6 Economic Calculations 12
Estimating Risk 12
Profitability Indices 13
1.7 Program Dimensions and Storage Requirements 14
1.8 Specification of I/O Units 14

SPE 10733 A Simplified Predictive Model for Micellar-Pollymer Flooding 15

Acknowledgments 16
Abstract 16
Introduction 16
Target Oil Calculation 17
Rate and Capilliary Number 17
Surfactant Retention on Sandstone 18
Oil Recovery Algorithm 19
Displacement Efficiency 20
Vertical Sweep Efficiency 21
Mobility Buffer Sweep Efficiency 21
Production Function 22
Homogeneous Media 22
Heterogeneous Media 24
Correction for Crossflow 26
Validation of CFPM by Numerical Simulation 26
Comparison of CFPM with Field Results 29
Conclusions 31
Nomenclature 32
References 33
Appendix 35
Representing Heterogeneity with an Effective Mobility Ratio 35
Estimating Ev For Infinite Layer Case 37

TABLES

1 Simulator Input Data 27

ILLUSTRATIONS
Figure
1 Chemical Flood Oil Recovery 17
2 Surfactant Retention on Sandsone 19
3 Capillary Desaturation for Berea rock 20
4 Effect of Slug Size/Retention Ratio on Vertical Sweep 21
5 Mobility Buffer Sweep Efficiency Crossplot 22
6 Fractional Flow Diagram 23

iii
 TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont.)

SPE 10733 A Simplified Predictive Model for Micellar-Pollymer Flooding (Cont.)

7 Production Functions 24
8 Effect of Crossflow on Simulated Oil Recovery 26
9 Production Functions for Low Crossflow Simulation 27
10 Production Functions for High Crossflow Simulation 28
11 Production Functions for Areal Crossflow Simulation 28
12 Vertical Sweep Efficiency for Finite and Infinite Layers 29
13 Production Functions for Sloss Field Test 29
14 Production Functions for Big Muddy Pilot 30
15 Production Functions for No. Burbank Unit 30
16 Production Function for 219R Project 31
A-1 Flow Capacity-Storage Capacity Curves 39
A-2 Relation Between Effective Mobility Ratio and Heterogeneity 39

2 CFPM DATA ENTRY 40

2.1 Reservoir Data 40
2.2 Economic Data 42

3 DEFAULT EQUATIONS 51
3.1 Reservoir Data 51
Oil Viscosity 51
Solution Gas-Oil Ratio 51
Oil Formation Volume Factor 52
3.2 Economic Data 52
CFPM Treatment of Well Capital Costs 52
Drilling and Completion Costs 53
Costs to Equip New Producing Well 53
Costs of Additional Secondary Production Equipment for a Primary Well
Converted to a Secondary Well 54
Costs to Convert a Producing Well to an Injection Well 54
Costs to Upgrade Surface Processing Equipment and Lease Facilities for
Secondary Recovery Operations 55
Direct Annual Operating Costs for Secondary Recovery Operations 55
Costs for Offshore Operations 56
Oil Price Penalties 56
Windfall Profit Tax 56

4. CFPM EXAMPLE RUNS 59

4.1 CFPM Input/Output 59
4.2 Sensitivity Runs 60
Comparison of Original CFPM with NPC Modified CFPM for Base Case-Oil Price 60
Comparison of Original CFPM with NPC Modified CFPM for Field Floods 61
Caustic Options 61
Surfactant Slug Size 62
Polymer Slug Size 62
Reservoir Heterogeneity 62
Permeability 62
Depth 62
Pattern Area 63

5. CFPM SUBROUTINE GLOSSARY 90

5.1 MAIN Program 90
5.2 Subroutine TITLE 92
5.3 Subroutine INPUT 92
5.4 Subroutine CHEKR 93
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont.)

iv
 5.5 Subroutine OUT1 95
5.6 Subroutine RELP 97
5.7 Subroutine TECH 98
5.8 Subroutine RESV 98
5.9 Subroutine TARGET 99
5.10 Subroutine RECOVR 100
5.11 Subroutine OPTIM 101
5.12 Subroutine CAPNO 102
5.13 Subroutine VERTSW 103
5.14 Subroutine PROD 104
5.15 Subroutine CROSS 106
5.16 Subroutine CHMINJ 107
5.17 Subroutine SDINT 108
5.18 Subroutine OUTR 108
5.19 Subroutine INEC 110
5.20 Subroutine STCDE 114
5.21 Subroutine CHEKE 114
5.22 Subroutine CIND 116
5.23 Subroutine ECFTR 117
5.24 Subroutine ECON 118
5.25 Subroutine DCFROR 122
5.26 Subroutine OUTE 123

6. CFPM COMMON GLOSSARY 126

6.1 Common INR 126
6.2 Common CALCS 127
6.3 Common OUT 128
6.4 Common ECI 128
6.5 Common ECC 130
6.6 Common ECS 131
6.7 Common ECO 132

7. REFERENCES 134

TABLES

Table
1-1 Modifications to CFPM for Caustic Flooding 11
2-1 CFPM Data Entry 48
2-2 Print Controls 49
2-3 Relative Permeability Relationships 49
2-4 Constants for Accelerated Capital Recovery System Depreciation According to the
1981 Tax Act 49
2-5 Error Checks on Reservoir Data 50
3-1 Coefficients for Drilling and Completion Costs (Eq. 3.11) 53
3-2 Coefficients for Costs to Equip New Producing Well (Eq. 5512) 53
3-3 Coefficients for Costs of Additional Secondary Production Equipment (Eq. 3.13) 54
3-4 Coefficients for Costs to Convert Producing Well to Injection Well (Eq. 3.14) 54
3-5 Coefficients for Costs to Upgrade Surface Processing Equipment (Eq. 3.1.5) 55
3-6 Coefficients for Direct Annual Operating Costs (Eq. 3.16) 55
3-7 Windfall Profit Tax Rates 57
4-1 Input Deck Echo 63
4-2 Reservoir Data Input Summary 64
4-3 Relative Permeability 65
4-4 Recovery Summary 66
4-5 Pattern Production Report 67
4-6 Economic Data Input Summary 68
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont.)

v
 TABLES (CONTINUED)

4-7 Prices, Costs and Project Volumes 69

4-8 Project Capital Schedule 70
4-9 Prices and Costs - Escalated 71
4-10 Annual Cash Flow Tables 72
4-11 Undiscounted Results, DCF Calculations 80
4-12 Project Economic Summary 81
4-13 Data Input for Louden Pilot 82
4-14 Data Input for Robinson 219R Project 83

ILLUSTRATIONS

Figure
1-1 CFPM Logic and Subroutine Map 2
1-2 CFPM Oil Production Curve 7
1-3 Investment Efficiency 14
3-1 Regions for Drilling and Completion Costs 58
3-2 Regions for Equipment, Conversion and Operating Costs, and Secondary Facilities 58
3-3 Oil Price Reduction Factor 58
4-1 Base Case Production Curves. Comparison of Original CFPM with NPC Modified CFPM 84
4-2 Sensitivity Runs - Oil Price. Comparison of Original CFPM with NPC Model 84
4-3 Comparison of Original CFPM with NPC Model for Louden Pilot 85
4-4 Comparison of Original CFPM with NPC Model for Robinson 219R Project 85
4-5 CFPM Caustic Flood Options 86
4-6 Sensitivity Runs - Surfactant Slug Size 86
4-7 Sensitivity Runs - Polymer Slug Size 87
4-8 Sensitivity Runs - Dykstra-Parsons Coefficient 87
4-9 Sensitivity Runs - Permeability 88
4-10 Sensitivity Runs - Depth 88
4-11 Sensitivity Runs - Pattern Area 89

vi
 SECTION 1
SUMMARY OF CHEMICAL FLOOD PREDICTIVE MODEL

1.1 INTRODUCTION

The Chemical Flood Predictive Model (CFPM) was developed by Scientific Software-Intercomp
for the U.S. Department of Energy and was used in the National Petroleum Council's (NPC) 1984
survey of U.S. enhanced oil recovery potential (NPC, 1984) * .

The CFPM models micellar (surfactant)-polymer (MP) floods in reservoirs which have been
previously waterflooded to residual oil saturation. Thus, only true tertiary floods are considered.
An option is available in the model which allows a rough estimate of oil recovery by caustic
(alkaline) or caustic-polymer processes. This caustic" option, added for the NPC survey, is not
modeled as a separate process. Rather, the caustic and caustic-polymer oil recoveries are
computed simply as 15% and 40%, respectively, of the MP oil recovery (see Section 1.5).

In the CFPM, an oil rate versus time function for a single pattern is computed and the results are
passed to the economic routines. To estimate multi-pattern project behavior, a pattern
development schedule must be specified. After-tax cash flow is computed by combining
revenues with capital costs for drilling, conversion and upgrading of wells, chemical handling
costs, fixed and variable operating costs, injectant costs, depreciation, royalties, severance,
state, federal, and windfall profit taxes, cost and price Inflation rates, and the discount rate. A
lumped parameter uncertainty routine is used to estimate risk, and allows for variation in
computed project performance within an 80% confidence interval.

The CFPM uses theory and the results of numerical simulation to predict MP oil recovery in five-
spot patterns. Oil-bank and surfactant breakthrough and project life are determined from
fractional flow theory. A Koval-type factor, based on the Dykstra-Parsons (1950) coefficient, is
used to account for the effects of reservoir heterogeneity on surfactant and oil bank velocities.

The overall oil recovery efficiency is the product of the efficiencies for 1-D displacement, vertical
sweep of surfactant, and polymer sweep. The displacement efficiency is determined from the
capillary number, which is in turn a function of permeability, depth and well spacing. Correlations
derived from the results of numerical simulation are used to express vertical sweep efficiency as
a function of surfactant slug size, surfactant adsorption and reservoir heterogeneity. The polymer
sweep efficiency is an empirical factor developed from numerical simulation and is a function of
the polymer slug size and the vertical sweep efficiency. The overall recovery efficiency is
corrected for the effects of crossflow by a formula, again developed from the results of numerical
simulation, which depends on the ratio of vertical to horizontal permeability.

A summary of the theory and assumptions used to develop the reservoir and economic
algorithms is given in Sections 1.2-1.6. The theoretical discussion relies heavily on SPE 10733
(Paul et al, 1982) attached at the end of Section 1, and on two DOE reports (DOE: 1980, 1983).

An overview of the CFPM program logic and structure is shown in Figure 1-1. This flowchart
shows the reservoir subroutines through OUTR and the economic subroutines through OUTE.

*
References can be found in Section 7.

1
 MAIN

TITLE

CHEKR

INPUT

OUT1 RELP

TECH
TARGET OPTIM

TECH1=1
YES
OR
S TECH2=1 CAPNO SDINT
RECOVR
NO
VERTSW
YES
TECH11
OR
TECH21 PROD CROSS SDINT
NO

CHMINJ

>0 ICHK

=0
RESV

OUTR
TITLE

=0 IECON SDINT

0 ECFTR
INEC
SDINT
ECON DCFROR CHEKE

CIND
OUTE TITLE
STCDE

Figure 1-1
CFPM Logic and Subroutine Map

2
The flags TECH1 and TECH2 in subroutines TECH (Figure 1-1) are used to determine if
reservoir temperature and resident brine salinity, respectively, pass the technical screening
criteria for MP flooding. These criteria are somewhat arbitrary, and the maximum allowable
values in the CFPM are defaulted as 200F and 100,000 ppm total dissolved solids (TDS).
(These are the limits above which NPC rejected reservoirs for MP flooding). In the CFPM, if
either the limit for temperature (TMAX) or salinity (SMAX), whether defaulted or entered by the
user, is exceeded by the respective values input (TEMP and SALIN) for the reservoir in question,
the message "RESERVOIR FAILED TECHNICAL SCREEN" is printed and the model will not
execute.

Data entry for the CFPM is described in Section 2. Reservoir data are Input using "R" cards
(Section 2.1), and economic data using "E cards (Section 2.2). Defaults are available for most of
the data, and default equations are described either within the data input string in Section 2, or in
Section 3 if a lengthy explanation is required. As described in Section 2.1, if "required" reservoir
data are not input with a value greater than zero, the error check ICHK (Figure 1-1) is positive
and error messages are printed as shown in Table 2-5. If ICHK>O, other reservoir and the
economic data will be processed, but the program will not execute.

A base case example run illustrating the types of CFPM output tables is discussed in Section 4.1.
Sensitivity runs compared to the base case are discussed in Section 4.2.

The functions of the main program and all subroutines are described in Section 5, and variables
in labeled common are defined in Section 6.

1.2 ASSUMPTIONS AND LIMITATIONS OF THE CFPM

In the CFPM, the micellar-polymer target oil is assumed to be that remaining in the waterflood
swept zone; that is, the areal sweep of the MP flood is assumed to be the same as the preceding
waterflood. These assumptions restrict the CFPM to tertiary (post-waterflood) oil, and yield a
target oil volume which will generally be conservative.

The CFPM does not reduce to a waterflood model in the absence of surfactant or polymer, or to a
polymer flood model in the absence of surfactant. Although surfactant adsorption is considered,
polymer adsorption is neglected in the CFPM.

The MP displacement efficiency is a function of the capillary number which is calculated internally
from permeability, depth, and well spacing. This calculation assumes a constant micellar phase-
oil phase interfacial tension of 10-3 dyne/cm and applies only to five-spot patterns.

The injection-production rate, QSS (card R9), whether defaulted or entered by the user, is
constant over the life of the flood. For the injectivity calculation, the surfactant slug viscosity is
assumed to have the same viscosity as oil.

In the calculation of vertical sweep efficiency it is assumed that

1. the movable oil saturation and the lag of the surfactant front due to adsorption are
uniform,
2. the dispersion of the surfactant slug is negligible,
3. the mobility ratio of all fronts is unity, and
4. the oil saturation is reduced to a constant value, as determined by the capillary
desaturation curve, everywhere there has been surfactant present.

Finally, the profile of the MP oil production curve for heterogeneous reservoirs is assumed to be
triangular, with oil and surfactant breakthrough calculated from fractional flow theory. The peak
oil rate (apex of triangle) is assumed to occur at the time of surfactant breakthrough. In the
calculations for oil production in heterogeneous media, it is assumed that there will be no change

3
in the surfactant velocity when the polymer front overtakes the surfactant front. As this will
happen predominantly in the low permeability layers, the error in the calculated overall oil
recovery will be small.

1.3 OIL RECOVERY ALGORITHMS

This section contains a brief discussion of the CFPM oil recovery algorithms. The NPC Chemical
Flood Task Group made a number of significant modifications to the original model. These
modifications are also discussed in this section. The NPC modifications may be invoked in the
model by setting the switch NPC=1 on card R1; if NPC=0, the original CFPM algorithms are
used. The modified NPC results are compared with those of the original CFPM in Section 4.2.

Surfactant Retention

Surfactant retention is composed of surfactant adsorption onto clays (AS, mg surfactant/g rock),
surfactant trapping and other surfactant loss mechanisms. In the CFPM, surfactant retention
reflects clay adsorption only, with

AS=3.3*WCLAY 1.1

where WCLAY (card R6) is the weight fraction of clay (default 0.10). Equation 1.1 was developed
from literature values for sulfonate surfactant adsorption onto sandstone (DOE, 1980). (It should
be noted that the lithology indicator ILIT (card R2, = 1 for sandstone, = 2 for carbonate) applies
only to defaults for relative permeability endpoints on card R8, and that if ILIT=2 is selected, there
is no default in the CFPM for surfactant adsorption on carbonate rock.)

In the CFPM, it is more convenient to express AS in units of pore volumes of surfactant injected,
DS (subroutine OPTIM)

DS = ((1.0-PHI)/PHI)*(RHOR/RHOS)*(AS/CS)/1000.0, 1.2

where PHI (card R6) is porosity, RHOR (card R7) and RHOS (card R7) are the densities (g/ml) of
rock and surfactant, respectively, and CS (card R7) is the volume fraction surfactant in the
injected slug. The default for DS is then calculated from Equation 1.2 with AS from Equation 1.1.
Because the default for DS will probably underestimate surfactant retention (there is good
historical evidence for this, e.g., see Figure 2, SPE 10733, attached), the default may be
overridden by reading a positive value for DSIN (in pore volumes) on card R6. It should be noted
that if NPC=1 on card R2 the value of DS used by the model is fixed at 0.1154.

Target Oil Calculation

If the chemical flood target oil (TO, subroutine TARGET) is defined as the oil remaining in the
waterswept portion of the reservoir, and if this is further reduced by the fraction of the reservoir
below bottom water (FBW, card R4) and above a gas cap (FGC, card R4), then if a positive value
for the original oil-in-place OOIP, MMSTB) is specified on card R4

TO = (SORW/(SOI-SORW))*(COIL-OOIP*(1.0-BOI/BOF))* 1.3
(1.0-FBW-FGC),

4
or if OOIP.LE.0.0 on card R4,

TO = SORW*COIL/(SOI-SORW), 1.4

where SORW (card R8) is the residual oil saturation to waters SOI=1.0-SWC is the initial oil
saturation (SWC is the connate water saturation, card R8), COIL, MMSTB (card R4) is the
cumulative oil produced at the end of waterflooding, and BOI (card R5) and BOF (card R5) are
the initial (pre-waterflood) and final (post-waterflood, pre-chemical flood), oil formation volume
factors RB/STB, respectively. Equation 1.3 is based upon a material balance at the end of
waterflooding (Lake et al, 1978).

The floodable pore volume FPV (MMRB) for all patterns follows from

FPV = TO*(BOF/SORW), 1.5

and the area (acre) to be developed is

DA = FPV/7758./PHI/PAY, 1.6

where PAY (card R6) is the net reservoir pay thickness (ft). The number of patterns is

XNPAT = DA/APAT, 1.7

where APAT is the pattern area (card R9), and the pattern floodable pore volume (MMRB) is

PFPV = FPV/XNPAT. 1.8

It should be noted that the XNPAT in Equation 1.7 is the number of patterns which may be
ultimately developed, but the number of patterns scheduled by the user on card E12 need not
sum to XNPAT.

Oil Recovery Efficiency

The volume of target oil recoverable, RTO (MMSTB) is given by (subroutine RECOVR)

RTO = ER*TO, 1.9

where ER is the tertiary oil recovery efficiency. ER may be expressed as the product of the linear
(1-D) displacement efficiency, ED, the vertical sweep efficiency, EV, and the chase polymer
sweep efficiency, EMB:

ER = ED*EV*EMB 1.10

Linear Displacement Efficiency

The 1-D, linear displacement efficiency, ED, may be entered directly by the user as EDIN on card
R7 (obtained, e.g., from large slug floods in field cores). Alternatively, the user may enter EDIN =
0.0 and take the default for ED, which is computed as a function of the capillary number, CAP
(subroutine CAPNO)

CAP = (1.90E-7*CP*PERM*DEPTH)/(SQRT(A)*(5.58 + 0.5*ALOG(A))), 1.11

where CP, psi/ft (card R9) is an injectivity coefficient, PERM, md (card R6) is permeability,
DEPTH, ft (card R9) is reservoir depth, and A=APAT/2.0 is the well spacing. Equation 1.11 was

5
developed for confined five-spot patterns (Lake and Pope, 1979). In the CFPM, the CAP from
Equation 1.10 is adjusted as a function of the ratio of the relative permeability end-points (card
R8), RPERM = (KORW/KORO), to the equivalent CAP for water-wet (Berea) rock, and ED is then
determined from the digitized capillary desaturation curves for Berea (Gupta and Trushenski,
1979). This is done by interpolating between the limits RPERM = 0.1 at CAP = 10**-5 for water-
wet rock and RPERM = 10.0 at CAP = 10**-4 for oil-wet rock. The actual curves used are shown
in Figure 3, SPE 10733.

Vertical Sweep Efficiency

The dimensionless surfactant slug size, VPSDS, is the ratio of the pore volumes slug injected,
VPS, to DS, the surfactant retention in pore volumes

VPSDS = VPS/DS. 1.12

With VPSDS read on card R7 and DS from Equation 1.2, VPS is back calculated by the model
from Equation 1.12 if NPC=0. For NPC=1, VPS is set to 0.15*VPSDS/1.3.

The theoretical treatment for EV is given in SPE 10733, and will not be repeated here. For
layered reservoirs, assuming an infinite number of layers, the vertical sweep efficiency is given by
(subroutine VERTSW)

EV = CM + VPSDS*(1.0-FM), 1.13

where CM and FM are the storage capacity and flow capacity, respectively, of layer M (where the
polymer front overtakes the surfactant front)

FM = ((EFF/VPSDS)**0.5)-EFF)/(1.0-EFF) 1.14

if VPSDS.LE.EFF, and FM=1.0 if VPSDS.GT.EFF; and

CM = 1.0/(EFF*(1.0/FM-1.0)+1.0). 1.15

EFF is the effective mobility ratio, introduced to account for heterogeneity in layered reservoirs
and is calculated empirically (Paul et al, 1982) from the Dykstra-Parsons coefficient, VDP (card
R6)

EFF = 10.0**(VDP/(1.0-VDP)**0.2). 1.16

In the CFPM, EFF is bounded from below by 1. 3. EFF is similar to the Koval (1963) "H-factor
which is used to represent the fingers developed in homogeneous media during unstable
miscible displacement (see Figure A-1, SPE 10733 and associated discussion). For the one
layer homogeneous case, FM=CM=0.0 and EV=1.0.

If NPC=1 (card R2), Equation 1.13 is still used to compute vertical sweep efficiency, but the value
of VPSDS read on card R7 is reduced to VPSDS

VPSDS = VPSDS - (0.8*(0.7693-EV)/(0.1154*0.5525)), 1.17

where VPSDS' is bounded from below by 0.6067, and the EV in Equation 1.17 is calculated from
Equation 1.12 using the value of VPSDS read on card R7. The final EV is then re-calculated
using VPSDS'. This NPC modification has the effect of reducing the vertical sweep efficiency for
a given slug size.

6
Polymer Sweep Efficiency

The polymer (mobility buffer) sweep efficiency, EMB, is defined as a capture efficiency, or volume
oil produced/volume oil mobilized (subroutine RECOVR):

EMB = (1.0-EMBO)*(1.0-EXP(-0.4*VPMB/ EV**1.2)) + EMBO, 1.18

where VPMB (card R9) is the pore volumes of polymer slug injected, and

EMBO = 0.71-0.6*VDP 1.19

is a constant. If NPC=1, EMB is bounded from above by 0.6.

Oil Production Curve

The oil production curve, computed in subroutine PROD, is assumed triangular with base
determined by the time of oil breakthrough (TDBT) and time to sweep out to zero oil rate (TSW),
and the apex by the peak oil rate (QOPK), as shown in Figure 1-2.

OIL RATE,
BOPD

QOPK

AREA = ERTO

TOBT TS TSW

Figure 1-2 - CFPM Oil Production Curve

The dimensionless surfactant velocity is

VELS = 1.0/(1.0 + DS-SORW*RESID), 1.20

where RESID=1.0-ED. If NPC=1, VELS in Equation 1.20 is multiplied by 0.5. The model next
computes (subroutine CROSS) the intersection (FWB, SWB) of the straight line passing through
the points (FW=0, SW=-DS) and (FW=1.0, SW=1.0 - SORW*RESID) with the water-oil fractional
flow curve (subroutine RELP). The stabilized oil bank saturation and fractional flow are then
SOB=1.0-SWB and FOB=1.0-FOB, respectively.

The velocity of the oil bank is

VOB = VELS*FOB/(SOB-SORW). 1.21

7
The dimensionless breakthrough times (fractional pore volumes) of the oil bank (TDOBT) and
surfactant (TDS) are then

TDOBT = 1.0/(VOB*EFF), 1.22

and

TDS = 1.0/(VELS*EFF). 1.23

The peak oil fractional flow is

FOPK = FOB*FFPRIM, 1.24

where

FFPRIM = EFF*CFPRIM/(EFF*CFPRIM + 1.0 - CFPRIM, 1.25

and

CFPRIM = (1.0/VELS/VOB)**0.5-1.0)/(EFF - 1.0). 1.26

If NPC = 1, FOPK in Equation 1.24 is multiplied by 0.7. Using the formula for a triangle of area
ER*TO, the dimensionless time at zero oil rate is

TDSW = TDOBT + 2.0*ER*SORW/FOPK. 1.27

The overall recovery efficiency ER (Equation 1.10) is next increased to a value ER to account for
the effects of crossflow:

ER' = 0.04*ALOG10(RL) + 0.064 + ER, 1.28

where RL is the dimensionless crossflow number, bounded from below by 0.025, and

RL = SQRT(XKVKH)*XLIP/PAY, 1.29

where

XLIP = SQRT(APAT*43560.0)*0.7071, 1.30

and XKVKH is entered on card R6. The crossflow performance factor is

FCF = ER/ER. 1.31

If RL < 0.25, as will be the case for no crossflow (XKVKH=0.0), then FCF=1.0. If NPC = 1, FCF is
bounded from above by 1.3, i.e., the increase in recovery efficiency due to crossflow may not
exceed 130% of the no-crossflow efficiency.

In order to convert the dimensionless production curve to a real-time basis, a steady-state

injection/production rate for a five-spot pattern must be estimated. This rate, QSS (RB/D) may be
entered on card R9, or defaulted from the following equation:

QSS = 0.003541*CP*PERM*PAY*DEPTH/(VISO*TRL*(5.58 + 0.5*ALOG(A))), 1.32

where TRL=1.25 if NPC=0, or 2.5 if NPC=1. Because rate impacts both the breakthrough time
and project life, estimates of QSS must be reasonably accurate if valid economic predictions are
to be made.

8
Experience with the CFPM has shown that when NPC=0 and CP=0.2 are used to estimate QSS
by Equation 1.32, the model matches reasonably well the results of field floods in which high-
water content (HWC) surfactant slugs (slugs which contain at least 90% water by volume) are
used. However, the model generally overestimates the results of floods using the more viscous
soluble-oil slugs (slugs which contain up to 50% hydrocarbons). This is because the CFPM was
originally developed for HWC slugs, inasmuch as such slugs were predominant in the industry.

Conversely, the NPC modifications (NPC=1), which effect reductions in oil bank velocity of 50%
(Eqs. 1.20 and 1.21), peak oil cut of 30% (Equation 1.24) and rate of 50% (Equation 1.32 with
TRL=2.5) tend to favor the very viscous soluble-oil slugs, and yield very conservative
performance and economics for HWC slugs (see Section 4.2).

The peak oil rate (STB/D) is

QOPK = QSS*FOPK/BOF, 1.33

and the times (day) of oil breakthrough, peak oil rate and sweepout are, respectively,

TOBT = TDOBT*PFPV/QSS, 1.34

TS = TDS*PFPV/QSS, 1.35

and

TSW = TDSW*PFPV/QSS, 1.36

where Equation 1.35 results from the assumption that the peak oil rate occurs at surfactant
breakthrough.

The oil production, PROS(l), and water production, PRWS(I) in STB/D are, for times T(I)<TOBT
and T(I)>TSW

PROS = 0, 1.37

PRWS = QSS, 1.38

for TOBTT(I)<TS

PROS(I) = QOPK*(T(I)-TOBT)/(TS-TOBT), 1.39

PRWS(I) = (QSS-PROS(I)*BOF)/BWF, 1.40

and for TS<T(I)TSW

PROS(I) = QOPK*(TSW-T(I))/(TSW-TS), 1.41

with PRWS(I) given again by Equation 1.40. At T(I)=TS, PROS(I)=QOPK. A typical production
curve is illustrated in Figure 1-2.

1.4 CHEMICAL INJECTION SCHEDULE

The volume (MBBL) of surfactant slug injected per pattern is (subroutine CHMINJ)

BSL = PFPV*VPS. 1.42

9
Note that the volume of surfactant slug injected is independent of the surfactant concentration in
the slug, CS (card R7). In the CFPM, CS is used only to estimate the surfactant retention (see
Equation 1.2). The time (year) over which surfactant injection occurs is then

YSLUG = BSL/QSS/365. 1.43

The polymer (mobility buffer) slug, which follows the surfactant slug, is graded (decreased) in
polymer concentration from an initial concentration CPOLY (ppm) until all of the polymer has
been injected. CPOLY is calculated internally as a function of mobility (viscosity) ratio and a
measure of the wettability, RPERM=KORW/KORO. The equation used is (subroutine OPTIM)

CPOLY = ((111.0*(VISO/VISW))+B), 1.44

where

B = 338.0 if RPERM.LE.0.10,

B = (338.0 + ((RPERM-0.1)*(1032.0/9.9))) if 0.10.LT.RPERM.LT.10.0,

and

B = 1370.0 if RPERM.GE.10.0.

VISO and VISW are the viscosities (cp) of oil and water, respectively (card R5), and KORW and
KORO are the water and oil relative permeability endpoints, respectively (card R8).

The volume (MBBL) of polymer slug injected per pattern is (subroutine CHMINJ)

BMB = PFPV*VPMB, 1.45

and the time (year), beginning in YSLUG, over which polymer injection occurs is

YBUFF = BMB/QSS/365. 1.46

The volume (bbl) and amount (lbs) polymer injected initially are, respectively,

CUMIB(J) = CON1*(YSLUG-DELT*FLOAT(NSLUG)), 1.47

and

CUMIP(J) = CUMIB(J)*CON2*CPOLY, 1.48

where DELT (=0.25 yr) is the time step size, NSLUG=YSLUG/DELT is the number of time steps
during which surfactant slug is injected,

CON1 = QSS*365.*DELT/1000.0, 1.49

and

CON2 = 350.9/1.0E6 1.50

is a conversion factor for ppm to lbs. With a linear grading each time step (NSTEP), the
cumulative volume and mass of polymer injected are, respectively,

CUMIB(J+1) = CUMIB(J) + CON1, 1.51

10
and

CUMIP(J+1) = CUMIP(J) + ANPOLY, 1.52

where

ANPOLY = CON1*CON2*CPOLY*FLOAT(NSTEP)/FLOAT(NBUFF), 1.53

and NBUFF=YBUFF/DELT. A run continues until NSLUG+NBUFF time steps have been
reached.

1.5 MODIFICATIONS TO CFPM FOR CAUSTIC FLOODING

Performance for several types of caustic (alkaline) flood processes can be estimated with the
switch ICAUST on card R2. These modifications were added to the CFPM for the NPC survey.
The user is cautioned that these modifications are subjective in that they are not based on any
theoretical treatment of the complex caustic flood mechanisms, but rather are based on limited
field test experience with caustic flooding.

Three types of process may be selected: ICAUST=1 implies caustic injection with no polymer,
ICAUST=2 implies caustic-polymer injection, and for the case of ICAUST=3 (advanced case
alkalis) is ostensibly the surfactant case ICAUST=0. The modifications to the CFPM for the
various caustic flooding options, along with the surfactant-polymer case are shown in Table 1-1.
Results for the various ICAUST options for an example run are presented in Section 4.2. The
caustic switch uses the MP predictive routines, but will use caustic costs in the economic
routines.

TABLE 1-1

MODIFICATIONS TO CFPM FOR CAUSTIC FLOODING

ICAUST (Card R2)1 = 0 1 2 3

VPS/DS Read in 0.4 0.4 0.4

VPS Eq. (1.12) 0.4 0.4 0.4
CPOLY Eq. (1.44) 0.0 Eq. (1.44) Eq. (1.44)
VPMB Read in 0.001 0.4 0.4
ER Eq. (1.10) *0.15 *0.4 *1.0
PROS(I) Eq. (1.39) *0.15 *0.4 *1.0
PRWS(I) Eq. (1.40) *0.15 *0.4 *1.0

1
ICAUST = 0, surfactant-polymer
= 1, caustic
= 2, caustic-polymer
= 3, caustic-polymer (advanced case)

11
1.6 ECONOMIC CALCULATIONS

The CFPM economic calculations are used to convert predicted performance data from the oil
recovery algorithm into a cash flow analysis extending over the life of the project. This analysis
combines forecasts of revenue, costs, expenses, and taxes into an annual balance sheet (Table
4-10). The model also permits an evaluation of the uncertainty of future earnings as a result of
changes in key variables and thus in evaluation of project risk.

The economic calculations require three types of data:

1. Project definition (pattern development schedule, wells drilled and converted, etc.). Once
the performance of a single pattern has been determined (Table 4-5), a schedule of the
number of patterns per year to be initiated is used to superpose the pattern rates into an
overall project performance. This procedure implicitly assumes that all patterns in the
project perform identically (i.e., second year: oil and water rates for every pattern are the
same regardless of the respective timing for pattern start). Also superposed are the
capital costs of drilling and equipping wells associated with developing each pattern.
From this schedule, the total multiple pattern project oil, water and gas rates are
calculated as well as the total amount of surfactant injected (Table 4-7). By combining
the well and pattern implementation schedules, a capital investment schedule is obtained
(Table 4-8). A fraction of this capital requirement may be borrowed and repaid over the
life of the project. The fixed and variable operating costs are then calculated based upon
the project performance schedule. These latter costs include such items as maintenance
costs, water treating and disposal costs, etc.

2. Economic data. These include prices, costs, tax rates, discount rate, escalation
(inflation) rates, and capital schedule (Tables 4-6, 4-7, and 4-8).

3. Range of uncertainty for key variables.

Estimating Risk

The parameter method (Davidson and Cooper, 1976) is used to compute uncertainty in present
value. This method deals with the parameters of the probability distributions rather than the
distributions themselves and, with reasonable assumptions about distribution form, can estimate
the probability of achieving various levels of present value.

The parameter method requires that the uncertain parameters (data) must be statistically
independent. For this reason, uncertainty in performance of the reservoir Is considered as a
single parameter (UNCO, Card E6, Section 2.2). Other variables, such as costs, revenues and
expenses, should be mutually independent. If dependence between parameters is established,
the parameters should be re-arranged to minimize dependence. In the CFPM, unit prices, costs,
and capital are defined as the uncertain variables (cards E13-E21), in addition to the uncertainty
in oil production. Escalation, inflation and tax rates are treated as certain and constant values
over the life of the project.

The mean and variance of each of the uncertain variables are then estimated. The mean is the
weighted average value of all possibilities found in the probability distribution of a parameter, and
the variance is the weighted average of all squares of differences from the mean. Three values
of a parameter are used to calculate the mean and variance:

1. Low value - a value of the parameter small enough so that only a 10 percent chance
exists of a smaller value;
2. The most-likely value; and

12
3. High value - a value large enough that there is only a 10 percent chance of a higher
value.

Finally, the means and variances are combined into the quantities of interest, such as revenues,
expenses, and costs. Once combined, the assumption of a resulting log-normal distribution is
made. The mean and variance of the present value are known and estimations of present value
at 10% (upside potential), 50%, and 90% (downside risk) probability are computed (Table 4-12).

Profitability Indices

The calculated mean (50 percent) present value is presented in various formats to allow the
direct comparison of costs and benefits. The present value of project revenues, costs and
expenses are also reported to allow for an analysis of the components of project present value.

The final economic results are presented in terms of five measures of profitability (Table 4-12).

1. Discounted Cash Flow (DCF), which represents the present value profit of the project;
2. Payout, which is the time required for present value profit to equal present value
investment;
3. Discounted Cash Flow Rate of Return (DCFROR), which is the discount rate that
reduces the DCF to zero;
4. Profit-to-Investment Ratio (P/I), which is the present value per dollar invested; and
5. Investment Efficiency, the ratio of total DCF to maximum negative DCF.

The strengths and weaknesses of these criteria are discussed in detail by Capen, et al (1976).
DCF is the most widely accepted measure of project performance but it fails to recognize capital
limitations and requires the specification of a discount rate. If DCF is used, a uniform discount
rate should be applied to all cases considered, generally a discount rate based upon the average
cost of capital.
Payout as an economic measure does provide an important measure of project performance.
Since payout does not consider cash flow after the payout period ends, it is a poor ranking
criteria. The advantage of including payout in the analysis allows for the recognition of minimum
operating time required for a project, which can be important to operators seeking short-term
returns when unstable environments make long operating periods unlikely.

DCFROR is a very popular economic criteria, and this measure obviates the need to specify a
discount rate as in DCF. Problems with this criteria may result when comparing projects at
different discount rates, since a project at a lesser DCFROR may have a greater present value at
a company's cost of capital.

The P/I is the ratio of the project's total profit to the total investment required. The P/I recognizes
capital limitations and gives a method of ranking projects in such a way as to maximize the profit
per dollar invested. However, the sensitivity to cash flow timing is lost. A similar measure to the
P/I ratio, the Profit-to-Expense Ratio (P/E), is also computed by the model.

Investment efficiency is defined as the ratio of the maximum cumulative discounted cash flow at
economic life (TE in Figure 1-3) to the maximum cumulative negative discounted cash flow (at
time T in Figure 1-3). Investment efficiency is an excellent ranking method for enhanced oil
recovery projects, which are heavily front-end loaded with high capital and operating expenses.
Investment efficiency was the basis for ranking projects used in the 1984 NPC survey.

13
 T TE
ANNUAL +
DISCOUNTED
CASH FLOW
0
TIME, YEARS
-

CUMULATIVE
DISCOUNTED
CASH FLOW
INVESTMENT EFFICIENCY = P
N
+
P

0
TIME, YEARS
- N

T TE

Figure 1-3 - Investment Efficiency

1.7 PROGRAM DIMENSIONS AND STORAGE REQUIREMENTS

Annual variables are dimensioned at 50, cumulative variables at 200. This allows a maximum of
200 time steps and 50 years per case. Dimensions for all arrays are given in Section 5.

The CFPM requires approximately 70,000 words (base 10). This is equivalent to approximately
280,000 bytes on a 32-bit computer. I/O buffers are not included in this estimate.

1.8 SPECIFICATION OF I/O UNITS

FORTRAN I/O units are as follows:

Unit 5 - User input file

Unit 6 - Output print file
Unit 7 - Scratch file for input data processing

14
 SPE 10733

A Simplified Predictive Model for Micellar-Polymer

Flooding

by
George W. Paul
Intercomp Resource Development & Engineering, Inc.

Larry W. Lake and Gary A Pope, University of Texas at Austin

Genevieve B. Young,
Intercomp Resource Development & Engineering, Inc.

This paper was presented at the 1982 California Regional Meeting of the Society of Petroleum
Engineers held in San Francisco, CA., March 24-26, 1982. The material is subject to correction
by the author.

15
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The authors wish to thank A. Goldburg, consultant to Gary Energy Co., and the following persons
from Intercomp: J. E. McElhiney, H. S. Price, S. R. Aydelotte, T. L. Gould, G. C. Harris, M B.
Moranville and R. M. Stearns; and J. W. McGhee of DOE for data on the North Burbank project.

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this paper is to present a simple, reliable and inexpensive predictive model which
allows the economic assessment of micellar-polymer flooding. An oil recovery algorithm is
developed from theory and the results of numerical simulation. The model contains correlations
which relate factors impacting oil recovery to reservoir and process data: capillary number
(permeability, depth, spacing), heterogeneity (Dykstra-Parsons coefficient), crossflow
(kv/kh),surfactant sorption (clay fraction) and wettability (relative permeability). Oil breakthrough,
peak oil rate and project life are estimated from oil-water fractional flow theory, augmented with
an effective mobility ratio to represent heterogeneity. The model is validated against the results
of numerical simulation and is compared with the results of several field projects.

INTRODUCTION

The chemical flood predictive model (CFPM) is one of a series of models developed for the U.S.
Department of Energy which are designed to identify reservoirs for enhanced oil recovery
processes. In the traditional binary screening approach to EOR,1,2 reservoirs are selected on
the basis of oil saturation, viscosity, permeability, etc. above or below an assigned value. With
the predictive models, however, the idea is to select reservoirs based upon economic criteria with
minimal technical constraints, supported by a physical model in which the technical parameters
are in proper relationship to each other.

The CFPM was developed for sandstone reservoirs, and only two technical constraints were
used - formation temperature and salinity (total dissolved solids). The limits above which
reservoirs were rejected, 230F and 80,000 ppm TDS, respectively, will likely be relaxed with new
technology. For the CFPM, a screen on divalent ions is probably more meaningful, but the data
are less readily available than TDS.

In the first phase of the work, available field and laboratory data were assessed in order to
identify the critical quantities impacting the micellar-polymer process.3 Oil rate and recovery
algorithms were then developed from theory and numerical simulation, and are the subject of this
paper. The full CFPM includes procedures for the estimation of field development costs and
chemical requirements, a DCFROR calculation and other economic criteria. A study of the
effects of reservoir and process variables on the economics of chemical flooding will be the
subject of a future paper.

Numerical simulation was used to validate and to construct correlations for the CFPM. Micellar-
polymer flooding was simulated with a multicomponent, three-phase, three-dimensional, finite
difference simulator.4 The simulations incorporated, among other things, oil-water-surfactant-
salinity dependent equilibrium, three-phase relative permeability, capillary pressure, and
compositional dependent fluid properties and chemical sorption.

In the sections that follow, we estimate the chemical flood target oil (TO), or that portion of the
remaining oil-in-place previously swept by water (Figure 1). The fraction of TO produced during a
chemical flood is defined as the overall recovery efficiency, ER. The recoverable oil is simply ER x
TO. ER is determined as a function of field capillary number and sweep efficiencies for vertical
heterogeneity and the mobility buffer. An oil rate vs. time curve, or production function, is

16
estimated with a fractional flow treatment. The area under the production curve, which is by
definition the recoverable oil, is used to estimate the peak oil rate.

Remaining Oil in Place

Target Oil
ROIP

MMBBLS
TO
Recoverable Oil
RO =
ER x TO

FIGURE 1
Chemical flood oil recovery

TARGET OIL CALCULATION

If we define TO as the oil remaining in the waterswept portion of the reservoir, and further reduce
this by the fraction of the reservoir above bottom water (fbw) and below a gas cap (fgc), then 5

Sorw
TO = [ ] (
NP OOIP(1 Boi Bof ) 1 fbw fgc ,
Soi Sorw
) 1

where we have assumed complete resaturation of the unswept portion of the reservoir, and that
the areal sweep of the chemical flood is the same as the preceding waterflood. The floodable
pore volume, VP, follows from

Vp = ( TO) (Bof ) / Sorw . 2

If data are unavailable for OOIP, NP and the Bos, TO may be estimated from equation 2 with VP
determined by Ah.

RATE AND CAPILLARY NUMBER

With the steady-state rate equation given by Muskat6 for a 5-spot, and defining an injectivity
coefficient, Cp, by

P
CpD / o , 3

it can be shown that 7

0.003541Cp khD
q= bbl / day , 4
(
o 5.58 + 1 1n
2 ( A))

17
where A = area/injection well (spacing) in acres.

Recalling the definition of capillary number

Ncap = u/ 5

and using Parsons8 results for median velocity in a 5-spot

0.000055 cpkD
u=
( )
ft / day, 6
o A 5.58 + 21 1n ( A)

~ o , and = 10 3 dyne/cm, we obtain

taking

=
(19. 10 )C kD
7
p

( )
Ncap 7
A 5.58 + 1 1n A
2

Thus, the estimation of both rate and capillary number depends on Cp . If o = , Cp can be as
high as 0.7 psia/ft if the injectors are injecting at their fracture limit and the producers are
completely pumped off, or as low as 0.27 psia/ft, if the producers have a water head.

Using injection/production data for 16 micellar-polymer field tests,3,7 equation 4 was used to
calculate values for Cp . The values ranged from 0.13 to 3.63 psia/ft, with an average of 0.2
psia/ft. Correspondingly, data are not available. Note that this agrees with the producer water
head limit mentioned above. However, because the oil production function is sensitive to Cp ,
historical waterflood data and practical experience gained from familiarity with given reservoirs
(fractures, condition of wells) should be used to estimate Cp whenever possible.

Oil recovery, being a logarithmic function of Ncap, is not as sensitive to Cp as is rate. More
important to recovery is interfacial tension, which may change by orders of magnitude in situ.
The one millidyne value for interfacial tension was chosen for the Ncap estimation on the grounds
that it

1. represents what may be obtained with current technology,

2. provides a relative comparison between projects and allows one to address questions of
rate and pattern size sensitivity, and
3 provides a significant correlation between oil recovery and Ncap for the aforementioned 16
field tests.3

The procedures discussed for 5-spot patterns have also been developed for line-drives.3

SURFACTANT RETENTION ON SANDSTONE

it is convenient to express surfactant retention in units of pore volumes of injected surfactant slug
required to satisfy all adsorption. This quantity, denoted by Ds, may be obtained by equating the
total surfactant injected to the total adsorbed:

18
 1 r a s 1
Ds = , 8
s Cs 1000

where as is the surfactant retention in mg surfactant/g rock, and Cs is the volume fraction
surfactant in the injected slug. The quantity Vps/Ds, where Vps is the pore volumes slug injected,
is the dimensionless slug size. This ratio is subject to optimization; for a rough screen Vps should
be marginally greater than Ds. Usually this turns out to be Vps/Ds = 1.2 - 1.3.

The quantity as may be estimated from a correlation between surfactant adsorption on

sandstones with total clay fraction, as shown on Figure 2. Only a few of the many data points
used for the correlation are shown. The original work3 should be consulted for the details of the
procedures used. The lower line with equation as = 3.3 x wt. fr. clay is recommended if no
laboratory data are available. If clay fraction is also not known, as = 0.4 mg/g may be used as an
order of magnitude estimate. The upper line on Figure 2 is an estimate of the actual, historical
field retention. The field data are higher because they probably reflect other retention
mechanisms in addition to clay adsorption.

ACTIVE 1.5
SULFONATE LAB DATA
RETENTION FIELD DATA FIELD RETENTION
(mg/g)
1.0

0.5
100% CLAY LINE

0
0 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20

FIGURE 2
Surfactant retention on sandstone

OIL RECOVERY ALGORITHM

0
The tertiary oil recovery efficiency in the absence of crossflow, ER , may be decomposed into
displacement, vertical sweep, and mobility buffer (polymer) sweep efficiencies

0
ER = ED EV EMB . 9

In the following paragraphs, methods are presented for estimating the various efficiencies.

19
Displacement Efficiency.

The microscopic displacement efficiency is defined as

ED = (Sorw - Sorc)/Sorw , 10

where Sorc is the oil saturation in zones swept by the micellar slug. Because ED is a microscopic
efficiency, it is independent of sweep and is a function of capillary number via the capillary
desaturation (CD) curve. ED is the breakover coreflood recovery achieved at sufficiently large
Vps/Ds; in this sense ED is similar to oil recovery with CO2 injection at and above minimum
miscibility pressure.

There are three methods by which ED may be obtained for the CFPM:

1. Estimate Ncap from equation 7 and use a CD curve developed for the reservoir rock in
question. However, CD curves are not generally available.

2. Obtain ED directly from large Vps/Ds slug tests in field cores.

3. Compute Ncap from equation 7 and use CD curves for Berea rock such as the ones
developed by Gupta-Trushenski9 (Figure 3).

Sorw Sorc
ED =
Sorw
1.0

0.8

WATER WET

0.6
OIL WET

0.4

0.2

0
-4 -3 -2 -1
10 10 10 10
CAPILLARY NUMBER

Figure 3 - Capillary desaturation for Berea rock

In the CFPM, the influence of wettability on ED is approximated by a linear interpolation on

0 0
R = k rw / k ro , where the k0s are relative permeability endpoints, with R = 0.2 (water-wet curve)
and R = 10.0 (oil-wet curve).

20
Vertical Sweep Efficiency

A procedure is given in the Appendix for the estimation of EV as a function of heterogeneity,

through the Dykstra-Parsons coefficient10 (VDP), and Vps/Ds. From equation A-18,

EV = Cm + Vps / Ds (1 Fm ) , 11

where Cm and Fm are obtained from equations A-11 and A-19, respectively. Plots of EV vs. Vps/Ds
for various VDP are shown in Figure 4.

1.0
VDP = 0
VDP = 0.25 VDP = 0.5
EV
0.8 VDP = 0.65
VDP = 0.80

0.6 VDP = 0.75

0.4

0.2

0
0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0
Vps/Ds

Figure 4
Effect of slug size/retention ratio on vertical sweep

Mobility Buffer Sweep Efficiency

EMB, defined as the volume produced oil/volume mobilized oil, would be expected to be a function
of VMB, the pore volumes of polymer injected, as well as Vps/Ds and VDP. Consequently, EMB =
EMB(VMB, EV) since EV = EV(Vps/Ds, VDP). A function of the form

(
EMB = (1 EMBo ) 1 exp VMB / EV + EMBo
) 12

where

EMBo = EMB VMB = 0 13

is proposed for EMB since it satisfies the limits

lim EMB = 1.0, lim EMB 1.0.

VMB EV 0

21
The second limit, which follows from the observation of numerical simulation results, reflects that
for smaller Vps/Ds, hence poorer EV, EMB tends towards unity (for a given VMB) because lesser
amounts of oil are mobilized which require production.

Evaluation of the constants , , and EMBo of equation 12 was performed using the results of two-
dimensional cross-section simulations without crossflow at various VMB, Vps/Ds and VDP. With ED
as determined from the one-dimensional, large Vps/Ds analogs, and EV calculated by a procedure
for finite layers, EMB was determined from

0
EMB = ER / EV ED . 14

The EMB from equation 14 were found to correlate reasonable well with equation 12 with = 0.4,
= 1.2 and EMBo = 0.71 - 0.6VDP, as shown in Figure 5. The points with the largest deviation from
the 45 line (perfect correlation) on Figure 5 are from the simulations run at very high VDP.

1.0

EMB 0.8
(SIMULATOR

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
EMB (ESTIMATED)
Figure 5 -- Mobility buffer sweep efficiency crossplot

PRODUCTION FUNCTION

Homogeneous Media

According to fractional flow theory, a well-designed micellar-polymer flood will generate a clean
oil bank of constant saturation Sob and fractional flow fob = fo(Sob). This bank will be driven by a
surfactant front having a specific velocity

1
vs = . 15
1 + Ds Sorc

The specific velocity is the actual front velocity divided by the interstitial velocity. Equation 15
presumes no great curvature in the low interfacial tension fractional flow curve, an assumption

22
that is probably accurate enough for the CFPM. The velocity vs can also be expressed in terms
of the oil saturation and fractional flow change at the rear of the oil bank.

fob 1 fwb
vs = = . 16
Sob Sorc 1 Sorc Swb

Equations 15 and 16 give a relationship for the oil bank saturation which must be solved
simultaneously with the water-oil fractional flow curve fw = fw(Sw). The solution follows
graphically11 as the intersection of a straight line passing through the points fw = 0, Sw = -Ds and
fw =1, Sw = 1 - Sorc with the fractional flow curve (Figure 6). Assuming Sorc constant allows an
expression for the specific velocity of the oil bank front.

fob foi
vob = 17
Sob Soi

where Soi is the initial oil saturation. For tertiary applications Soi = Sor and foi = 0.

1.0

fw (1-Sorc,1)
0.8

(1-Sob,1-fob)
0.6

0.4

0.2

(-DS,0)
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
SW
Figure 6 -- Fractional flow diagram

The specific velocities in equations 15 and 17 lead to expressions for the dimensionless
breakthrough time of the oil bank, tDob, and surfactant, tDs

tDob = 1 v ob tDs = 1 v s . 18

For homogeneous media the dimensionless production function is oil cut = foi until tD = tDob, oil cut
= fob for tDob < tD < tDs, then oil cut = 0 for tD > tDob. This function is shown in Figure 7a.

23
 A. HOMOGENEOUS

0.50
fo

0.25

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
tD

B. HETEROGENEOUS
0.50
fo

0.25

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
tD

C. ACTUAL
16
qo
MSTB/D 12

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
TIME, YEARS
Figure 7 -- Production functions

Heterogeneous Media

The oil production function proposed here will be triangular, and based on the velocities in
equations 15 and 17 now modified to account for layering. The triangular shape is selected
because it can be described with only four variables: oil breakthrough time, time of peak oil rate,
peak oil rate, and time of zero rate.

From the Appendix, VDP is related to an effective mobility ratio Me

VDP
log (Me ) = , 19
(1 VDP )0.2

24
and the flow capacity F of the layered assembly is related to the storage capacity C by

1
1 1 C
F = 1+ . 20
Me C

The specific bulk fluid velocity of the fastest layer is,

v = F C=0 = Me . 21

The velocity of the oil bank and surfactant fronts in layered media relative to the overall average
interstitial velocity are

vob = v obMe and vs = v s Me , 22

from which follow the dimensionless breakthrough times of the oil bank and surfactant in layered
media

1
tDob = ( v ob Me ) , 23

1
tDs = ( v s Me ) . 24
It is reasonable to assume that the peak oil rate will occur at tDs at which point the overall oil cut
will be

fopk = fob . F F =M v s v ob
. 25
e

The last term on the right side of equation 25 expresses the flow capacity of the reservoir at a
flow capacity where the surfactant velocity in the highest permeability layer (vsMe) equals the oil
bank velocity (vobF) in a lower permeability layer. For tDob < tD < tDs the oil cut is increasing
linearly because successively more layers begin producing oil. For tD > tDs the oil cut falls linearly
since successively more layers are producing surfactant or polymer. In equations 15 - 25 it is
assumed that there will be no change in surfactant velocity when the polymer front overtakes the
surfactant fronts. This will happen predominantly in the lower permeability layers which will not
contribute much to the initial portion of the production function.

The final point on the triangular production function, the dimensionless time a zero oil rate, tDsw, is
selected so that the total chemical flood oil recovery--the area under the production function--
agrees with that given by equation 9:

0
tDsw = tDob + 2ER Sorw / fopk . 26

The dimensionless production function may be converted to a dimensional function (Figure 7c) of
oil rate (stb/D) vs. time (days) by the following definitions:

q0 = qfo 27

t = tD(Vp/q) 28

where the total fluid injection rate 1 is from equation 4 and Vp is from equation 2.

25
The procedure discussed above gives production functions that are reasonably consistent with
experience. The procedure could be easily modified to calculate a production function for fields
undergoing stagewise development.

Correction for Crossflow

Two-dimensional cross-section and three-dimensional numerical simulations were performed

with variable VDP, Vps/Ds, and dimensionless crossflow number

RL = (kv/kh)1/2 (L/H). 29

The results are shown in Figure 8. In these simulations kv/kh varied from about 10-7 (RL = 0.025)
to about 0.6 (RL = 40). Examination of the simulation results showed that oil breakthrough (tob)
and sweepout (tsw) times were generally independent of RL. Thus, as an approximation to the
c
crossflow production function with oil recovery ER , the low crossflow recovery is increased by
ER, where

c 0
ER = ER ER = 0.04 log RL + 0.064 30

0 c
for RL > 0. Equation 26 with ER replaced by ER yields the peak oil rate. The crossflow production
function, then, is identical in timing to the no crossflow case, except with a higher peak rate and
area.

1.0

4 LAYERS 2DXS SIMULATION

0.8 Vps/Ds = 1.21 3D SIMULATION
VDP = 0.6
ER

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0.01 0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0
CROSSFLOW NUMBER, RL
FIGURE 8 -- Effect of crossflow on simulated oil recovery

VALIDATION OF CFPM BY NUMERICAL SIMULATION

The CFPM is compared with the results of three simulations in Figures 9-11. The simulator input
data is summarized in Table 1.

26
 TABLE 1
SIMULATOR INPUT DATA

Pattern spacing/type 40 Acre/5-Spot

Depth 5000 ft
Porosity 0.215
Thickness 18 ft
Ave. Permeability 250 md
kmax/k 2.16, 1.0
Dykstra-Parsons Coefficient 0.6, 0
Kv/kh 0, 0.6
Surfactant Sorption (Ds) 0.082
Cation Exchange Capacity 0.004 meq/g
Phase Behavior Reference 29
Surfactant Concentration, vol. fr. 0.05
Surfactant Slug Viscosity 9.5 cp
Oil Viscosity 3.8 cp
Brine Viscosity 0.6 cp
Residual Oil Saturation 0.3
Connate Water Saturation 0.3
K0rw/k0ro 0.15 (water wet)
Mobility Ratios
Surfactant Slug/Oil-Water Bank 1.0
1st Polymer Slug/Surfactant Slug 1.0

With the exception of vertical sweep efficiency, the CFPM performance curves were determined
by the procedures outlined above. For comparison with the two four-layer simulations (Figures 9
and 10), EV for the CFPM was determined by a procedure for finite layers with Me = k max / k .
This finite layer procedure is not the one presented in Appendix A for infinite layers. The latter
procedure is more useful for reservoir screening, since the detailed geologic data required to
define layer properties is usually not available. Even with only four layers, the difference between
the two procedures is small and diminishes with the number of layers simulated (Figure 12).
300
3D-4 LAYERS SIMULATION
vDP = 0.6 CFPM
Vps/Ds = 1.21
RL = 0.025
200

qo,
bbl/d

100

0
0 1.0 2.0 yr.
TIME, 3.0 4.0

FIGURE 9 -- Production functions for low crossflow simulation

27
 400
3D - 4 LAYERS SIMULATION
VDP = 0.6 CFPM, RL = 0.025
Vps/Ds = 1.21 CFPM, RL = 40
300 RL = 40

qo,
bbl/d
200

100

0
0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0
TIME, yr.

FIGURE 10
Production function for high crossflow simulation

Figure 10 shows the result of the crossflow correction on CFPM performance. Note the
symmetrical nature of the simulator derived curve in Figure 10, illustrating the reduction in
effective heterogeneity due to crossflow.

For the two-dimensional areal case (VDP = 0), the CFPM with Me = 1.3 was found to reproduce
the simulation shown in Figure 11 as well as a number of simulations in which permeability, depth
and spacing were varied. The value of Me greater than 1.0 in the area case reflects the reduced
recovery caused by areal conformance. In a cross-section, a value of Me greater than 1.0 reflects
the reduced recovery due to vertical conformance.

The CFPM oil recovery and timing agrees favorably with the simulator. A more rigorous test of
the CFPM is a comparison with field results.

400
2D AREAL SIMULATION
VDP = 0 CFPM
Vps/Ds = 1.21
300
qo,
bbl/d
200

100

0
0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0
TIME, yr.

FIGURE 11 -- Production function for areal simulation

28
 1.0

VDP = 0
0.8

Ev VDP = 0.6

0.6

CFPM (INFINITE LAYERS)

0.4 SIMULATiON: 4 LAYERS
12 LAYERS

0.2

0
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
Vps/Ds

FIGURE 12 -- Vertical sweep efficiency for finite and infinite layers

COMPARISON OF CFPM WITH FIELD RESULTS

The CFPM is compared with the Sloss Field test 12-14 (Figure 13), the Big Muddy pilot15,16 (Figure
14), and the North Burbank Unit pilot17-23 (Figure 15) and the Robinson 219R project24,25 (Figure
16).

For Sloss, the CFPM overestimates oil recovery, perhaps due to productivity problems in the
field. When compared with Big Muddy the CFPM is low on recovery, probably because crossflow
was not considered. For both these tests, oil timing is predicted well within acceptable limits for
economic calculations.

80
PREDICTED AND OBSERVED OIL
70 PRODUCTION FUNCTIONS FOR
SLOSS PILOT
60

50 OBSERVED
CFPM
qo, 40
BBL/D
30

20

10

0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
TIME, DAYS

FIGURE 13 -- Production functions for Sloss Field Test

29
 50

PREDICTED AND OBSERVED OIL

PRODUCTION FUNCTIONS FOR
40 BIG MUDDY PILOT
qo, OBSERVED
BBL/D CFPM
30

20

10

0
0 20 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
0 TIME, DAYS

FIGURE 14 -- Production functions for Big Muddy Pilot

Figure 15 shows that CFPM performance is reasonable close to the performance of one of the
four confined producers at North Burbank (97-06) and another confined producer, not shown.
However, poor response for two of the central producers resulted in the combined four-well curve
shown. In the CFPM calculations, Ds was based on a laboratory measured surfactant retention
of about 2000 lb/acre ft. Post pilot analysis indicated that retention may be as high as 9500
lb/acre ft. at North Burbank. Were this higher retention used, the CFPM performance would be
much closer to the lower curve on Figure 15.

50
PREDICTED AND OBSERVED OIL
PRODUCTION FUNCTIONS FOR
NORTH BURBANK PILOT

40 OBSERVED, WELL 97-06

qo, OBSERVED, 4 CONFINED
PRODUCERS
BBL/D CFPM

30

20

10

0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
TIME, DAYS

FIGURE 15 -- Production functions for North Burbank Unit

30
For 219R, the predicted ER (0.31) agrees well with the field estimate of 0.27 - 0.33. Figure 16
shows that the CFPM approximates the magnitude of peak oil rate and project life, but misses on
peak rate location and oil breakthrough. There may be several reasons for this:

1. Great uncertainty in the retention and relative permeability data.

2. The simplified fractional flow treatment in the CFPM may be a poor approximation for
viscous, relatively high oil content micellar slugs, for which a more specific procedure is
available.11

3. The symmetrical character of the field curve, with a heterogeneity factor of 0.62, may
reflect the effects of high vertical crossflow.

Considering the assumptions made in the development of the CFPM, and the uncertainty of
much of the data required for its application, the comparative results are good. In addition, the
above comparisons indicate that the CFPM might be used as a history matching or design tool to
precede more costly, fully compositional simulations. Apart from constructing a water-oil
fractional flow curve, the oil rate and recovery algorithms in the CFPM may be executed in a few
minutes with a hand calculator.

1000

PREDICTED AND OBSERVED

OIL PRODUCTION FUNCTIONS
800 FOR 219 4 PROJECT
qo,
BBL/D OBSERVED

600 CFPM

400

200

0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
TIME, DAYS
FIGURE 16 -- Production function for 219R project

CONCLUSIONS

1. A simplified screening model for chemical flooding has been developed which, in
general, yields oil production functions which overlay field test results.

2. Based on comparisons with the field floods presented here and with other field results,
the CFPM tends to be optimistic for oil breakthrough and peak rate. However, this is not
altogether inappropriate for a predictive mode.

31
3 A more rigorous approach is needed to model the effects of vertical crossflow. This
should be done through a reduction in the effective mobility ratio, which would directly
impact vertical conformance and polymer sweep efficiency.

NOMENCLATURE

as = active surfactant retention, mg/g rock

A = spacing, acres/injection well
B = formation volume factor
C = storage capacity
Cs = surfactant concentration, vol. fr.
D = depth
Ds = retardation factor for surfactant, surfactant sorption in pore volumes/pore volumes
injected
ER = micellar-polymer oil recovery efficiency
ED = microscopic displacement efficiency
EV = vertical sweep efficiency
EMB = mobility buffer sweep efficiency
f = fractional flow, phase flux/total flux
fbw = fraction of reservoir above bottom water
fgc = fraction of reservoir below gas cap
F = flow capacity
h = layer thickness
H = total internal thickness
k = permeability
k = thickness averaged permeability
k = geometric mean permeability
k0.8 4 1 = permeability above which 8.41% of reservoir permeabilities fall
kmax = maximum layer permeability
k0ro = oil relative permeability at residual water saturation
k0rw = water relative permeability at residual oil saturation
L = injector-producer distance
Lc = Lorenz coefficient
Me = effective mobility ratio
n = upper limit on partial sums in equations A-1 and A-2
N = total number of layers
Ncap = capillary number
Np = ultimate waterflood recovery
OOIP = original oil-in-place
q = steady-state production/injection rate
QD = dimensionless cumulative injection
RL = dimensionless crossflow number, equation 29
S = saturation
t = time
tD = dimensionless time, or injected pore volumes of fluid
TO = target oil
u = darcy velocity
v = dimensionless velocity for homogeneous media
v = average interstitial velocity
v = dimensionless velocity for heterogeneous media
VDP = Dykstra-Parsons coefficient
VMB = pore volumes graded mobility buffer
Vp = floodable pore volume
p
VPS = pore volumes surfactant slug

32
XD = dimensionless longitudinal position
, = constants in equation 12
P = injector-producer pressure drop
= cumulative frequency, equation A-5
= viscosity
= variance of lognormal permeability distribution, equation A-5
= density
= interfacial tension
= porosity

Subscripts
f = final (at initiation of chemical flood)
i = initial (at discovery)
m = layer where XD = 1 at production well
o = oil
ob = oil bank
orc = oil residual to chemical
orw = oil residual to water
pk = peak
r = rock
s = surfactant
sw = sweepout
w = water
wb = water bank

Superscripts
c = crossflow
0 = without crossflow
- = thickness weighted average

REFERENCES

1. Lewin and Assocs., Inc.: The Potentials and Economics of Enhanced Oil Recovery. U.S.
Federal Energy Admin. Report B-75/221 (April 1976).

2. Geffen, T.M.: Oil Production to Expect From Known Technology, Oil and Gas J. (May
7, 1973) 66-76.

3. Selection of Reservoirs Amenable to Micellar Flooding, U.S. Department of Energy

Report DOE/BC/00048-20 (December 1980).

4. Intercomp Resource Development and Engineering, Inc.: El Dorado (High Water

Content Process) Micellar-Polymer Pilot, Report submitted to Gulf Universities Research
Consortium (May 1980).

5. Lake, L.W., Stock, L.G. and Lawson, J.B.P: Screening Estimation of Recovery
Efficiency and Chemical Requirements for Chemical Flooding, paper SPE 7069
presented at SPE Fifth Symposium on Improved Methods for Oil Recovery, Tulsa, April
16-19, 1978.

6. Muskat, M.,: The Flow of Homogeneous Fluids Through Porous Media, J.W. Edwards,
Ind., Ann Arbor, Mich. (1966).

33
7. Lake, L.W. and Pope, G.A.: Status of Micellar-Polymer Field Tests, Petroleum
Engineer (November 1979) 38-60.

8. Parsons, R.W.: Velocities in Developed Five-Spot Patterns, J. Pet. Tech. (May 1974)
550.

9 Gupta, S.P. and Trushenski, S.P.: Micellar Flooding -- Compositional Effects on Oil
Displacement, Soc. Pet. Eng. J. (April 1979) 116-128.

10. Dykstra, H. and Parsons, R.L.: The Prediction of Oil Recovery by Waterflood,
Secondary Recovery of Oil in the United States, 2nd ed., API (1950) 160-174.

11. Pope, G.A.: The Application of Fractional Flow Theory to Enhanced Oil Recovery,
Soc. Pet. Eng. J. (June 1980) 181-205.

12. Froning, H.R. and Treiber, L.E.: Development and Selection of Chemical Systems for
Miscible Waterflooding, paper SPE 5816 presented at SPE Fourth Symposium on
Improved Methods of Oil Recovery, Tulsa, March 22-24, 1976.

13. Basan, P.B., McCaleb, J.A. and Buxton, T.S.: Important Geological Factors Affecting
the Sloss Field Micellar Pilot Project, paper SPE 7047 presented at SPE Fifth
Symposium on Improved Methods for Oil Recovery, Tulsa, April 16-19, 1978.

14. Yanosik, J.L., Treiber, L.E., Myal, F.R., and Calvin, J.W.: Sloss Micellar Pilot: Project
Design and Performance, paper SPE 7092 presented at SPE Fifth Symposium on
Improved Methods for Oil Recovery, Tulsa, April 16-19, 1978.

15. Big Muddy Field Low Tension Demonstration Project, First Annual Report, April 1978-
March 1979, DOE/SF/01424-13 (August 1979).

16. Enhanced Oil-Recovery Field Reports, Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME (January
1975-December 1977).

17. North Burbank Unit Tertiary Recovery Pilot Test, Annual Report, BERC/TPR-76/2 (July
1976).

18. North Burbank Unit Tertiary Recovery Pilot Test, Second Annual Report, May 1976-May
1977, BERC/TPR-77/5 (August 1977).

19. North Burbank Unit Tertiary Recovery Pilot Test, Third Annual Report, May 1977-May
1978, BERC/TPR-78/8 (August 1978).

20. North Burbank Unit Tertiary Recovery Pilot Test, Final Report, DOE/ET/13067-60 (June
1980).

21. Trantham, J.C. and Clampitt, R.L.: Determination of Oil Saturation After Waterflooding
in an Oil-Wet Reservoir-The North Burbank Unit Tract 97 Project, paper SPE 5802
presented at SPE Fourth Symposium on Improved Methods for Oil Recovery, Tulsa,
March 22-24, 1976.

22. Boneau, D.F. and Clampitt, R.L.: A Surfactant System for the Oil-Wet Sandstone of the
North Burbank Unit, J. Pet. Tech. (May 1977) 491-500.

23. Trantham, J.C., Patterson, H.L. and Boneau, D.F.: The North Burbank Unit, Tract 97
Surfactant/Polymer Pilot - Operation and Control, J. Pet. Tech. (July 1978) 1068-1074.

34
24. Gogarty, W.B., Meabon, H.P. and Milton, H.W., Jr.: Mobility Control Design for Miscible
Type Water Floods Using Micellar Solutions, J. Pet. Tech. (February 1970) 141-147.

25. Howell, J.C., McAtee, R.W., Snyder, W.D. and Tonso, K.L.: Large-Scale Field
Application of Micellar-Polymer Flooding, J. Pet. Tech. (June 1979) 690-696.

26. Craig, F.F., Jr.: The Reservoir Engineering Aspects of Waterflooding, SPE Monograph
Vol. 3, Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME, Dallas (1971).

27. Aithison, J. And Brown, J.A.C.: The Lognormal Distribution, Cambridge University Press,
New York (1957).

28. Koval, E.J.: A Method for Predicting the Performance of Unstable Miscible
Displacements in Heterogeneous media, Soc. Pet. Eng. J. (June 1963) 145-154.

29. Nelson, R.C. and Pope, G.A.: Phase Relationships in Chemical Flooding, Soc. Pet.
Eng. J. (October 1978) 325-338.

APPENDIX

Representing Heterogeneity With An Effective Mobility Ratio

An elaborated definition of one of the traditional measures of reservoir heterogeneity26 - the

Lorenz coefficient - is based upon the deviation of a plot of flow capacity F vs. Storage capacity C
from a straight line, where

n N n
F= ki hi / k i hi = k i hi / Hk A-1
i= 1 i= 1 i=1

n N n
C= i hi / i hi = i hi / H . A-2
i= 1 i=1 i= 1

In these equations ki, hi and i are the permeability, porosity, and thickness of layer i; k and
are the thickness-weighted average permeability and porosity; N the total number of layers; H the
total interval thickness (layers are in parallel); and n the upper index of the partial sums in the
numerators. Equations A-1 and A-2 define F and C as parametric functions of n. Letting n take
on values of 1 to N, and plotting F vs. C at each n gives the flow-storage capacity curve. The
curve passes through F = C = 0 and F = C = 1, consisting of straight line segments, and will have
a discontinuously decreasing slope if the layers are arranged in order of decreasing ki/i. Of
course, layers do not naturally occur this way, but if there is no transverse flow of fluid, the
naturally occurring order is unimportant. It follows from the shape of the F-C curve that the slope
of the nth segment is

dF k n
= . A-3
dC n k

Equation A-3 states that the slope of the F-C curve at any point n is equal to the interstitial
velocity in layer n of a non-crossflowing, unit mobility ratio displacement. In the limit of large N,
equations A-1 and A-2 become integrals and dF/dC in equation A-3 becomes a continuous
function of C.

35
From this point on we consider only permeability heterogeneity to simplify the following
mathematics and conform to prior definitions. This restriction is not severe as permeability
variations are usually several factors of ten larger than porosity variations. The result of this is
that the porosities divide out from equations A-1 - A-3.

If, as would be true if N , the layer thicknesses are all effectively equal, the layer assembly
can be characterized by the Dykstra-Parsons coefficient10 defined as

k k 0 8 41
VDP = A-4
k

where k 0. 841 is the permeability above which 84.1% of the distribution falls. We choose VDP as a
measure of heterogeneity because it is more common in reservoir engineering.

To relate F to C we assume that the permeability assembly is log-normally distributed; hence, the
relationship between cumulative frequency and permeability is 27

= 1


( )
ln k / k$
1 erf , A-5

2
2

where k$ is the geometric or log-mean of the distribution, and is the variance of the distribution.
The relationship between k$ and k is given by27

k = k$ e / 2 . A-6

Hence, if we identify with the storage capacity C, using equations A-3, A-5 and A-6 we obtain

C=

(
ln e / 2 F'
) ,
1 erf
1 A-7
2 2

where F = dF/dC. Equation A-7 may be solved for F and then integrated subject to the
boundary condition F = C = 0,

c

F= exp + 2 erf 1(1 2x) dx . A-8
o
2

Equation A-8 must be integrated numerically to give the F-C curve for fixed . The results of
such an integration are shown in figure A-1 where the filled points are the results of the
integration and VDP is used instead of . It follows from equation A-4 and A-5 that

VDP = 1 e
A-9

and, furthermore, that the relationship among Lorenz and Dykstra-Parsons coefficients and is27

ln(1 VDP )
Lc = erf = erf . A-10
2 2

36
Note from equation A-10 that Lc and VDP are bounded while is not.

Given the three heterogeneity measures in equation A-10, it must seem off to propose a fourth;
but none of the measures discussed so far directly relate to porous media flow. To ameliorate
this we propose an effective mobility rate Me as a fourth measure of heterogeneity. Me is defined
by

1
1 1 C
F = 1 + , A-11
Me C

where equation A-11 follows from observing the pointed similarity between a homogeneous
media fractional flow curve having straight line relative permeabilities and zero residual phase
saturations, and the points generated on figure A-1. In fact, the solid lines on figure A-1 are
calculated from equation A-11 with Me adjusted to give the best least square fit to the calculated
points. Hence, there is a unique correspondence between VDP and Me which is shown in figure
A-2 as the filled points. It follows from equations A-8 and A-11 that Me as VDP 1 (infinitely
heterogeneous) and Me 1 as VDP 0. In between these limits the relation between VDP and
Me is given by the following empirical fit to the points figure A-2

VDP
log(M e ) = A-12
(1 VDP )0.2
which is also shown on figure A-2.

The Me - VDP relationship could also follow directly from equations A-3 and A-4 as

dF
VDP = 1 . A-13
dC C = 0.841

Equation A-13 leads to a quadratic polynomial in Me whose solution relates only two points on the
F-C curve whereas equation A-12 is a fit involving several points. It should be noted that the
figure A-2 curve is an expanded version of the curve presented by Koval28 which is also shown.

Using Me and equation A-11 is an improvement over equation A-8 and VDP because the interstitial
fluid velocity in any layer is given by

2
v F k
v = v F = =v A-14
Me C k

from equations A-3 and A-11 (we have reintroduced the porosity heterogeneity). The velocity of
the highest permeability layer is, therefore, v = v Me, that of the lowest permeability layer is v =
v/Me.

Estimating EV For Infinite Layer Case

In estimating EV we present here a brief summary of earlier work5 using the heterogeneity model
of the previous section.

It is assumed that

37
 1. The movable oil saturation So = Sorw - Sorc and the frontal advance lag Ds (surfactant
adsorption in pore volumes) are uniform;

2. there is no dispersion of the micellar slug;

3. the mobility ratio of all fronts is unity and there is no crossflow; and,

4. the oil saturation is reduced to Sorc everywhere there has been surfactant present.

Corresponding to these assumptions, the mobilized oil fraction is So/Sorw in any layer receiving a
slug size greater than Ds, and somewhat smaller if its slug size is less than Ds. If DS is the overall
slug size injected into the layered reservoir, the slug size into any layer if FVps. Now the
surfactant front travels with relative velocity F/(1 + Ds) and the mobility buffer with velocity F. At
some dimensionless position XD the mobility buffer front will overtake the surfactant front.

F
XD = QD = FQD FVps . A-15
1 + Ds

Eliminating QD, the cumulative injection in pore volumes, yields

XD = 1 + Ds - FVps . A-16

Now there will always be a layer m where the mobility buffer front will overtake the surfactant
front exactly at the production well (XD = 1)

Vps 1
= . A-17
Ds
Fm

Equation A-17 says that the Vps/Ds ratio will be equal to the reciprocal slope of the F-C curve at a
point M which separates the reservoir into layers whose mobilized oil fraction is So/Sorw, F
Fm, and layers whose mobilized oil fraction is less than this, F < Fm. This means that the
overall mobilized oil fraction is

So So Vps
Sorw
Ev =
Sorw
Cm +
Ds
(1 Fm )

completely partially A-18
swept swept

where Cm is the x-coordinate of the point defined by equation A-17. Using equations A-11 and A-
14 the y-coordinate of the layer m may be solved for directly

Ds 2

M e V M e Vps Vps
Fm =
ps , Me 1, > Me A-19
Ds Ds
1 M e

where the second part of equation A-19 holds only if all the layers are completely swept by
surfactant.

38
 1.0

0.8

0.6

VDP Me
0.4
0.25 1.71
0.50 3.41
0.75 10.0
0.2

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
C
FIGURE A-1 -- Flow capacity-storage capacity curves

18.0

16.0

14.0

CALCULATED
12.0

10.0
Me
LOG (Me) = VDP
8.0 (1-VDP)
0.2

6.0

4.0

2.0

0
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
VDP
FIGURE A-2 -- Relation between effective mobility ratio and heterogeneity

39
 SECTION 2
CFPM DATA ENTRY

DETAILS OF RESERVOIR AND ECONOMIC DATA ENTRY ARE GIVEN HERE. A

CONDENSED SUMMARY OF THE DATA ENTRY IS GIVEN IN TABLE 2-1.

THREE TYPES OF DATA ARE INDICATED (NO BLANK DATA ALLOWED):

1. REQUIRED" DATA - PROGRAM WILL NOT RUN UNLESS A VALUE

GREATER THAN ZERO IS ENTERED. REQUIRED DATA ARE API GRAVITY
(CARD R5), POROSITY (R6), PERMEABILITY (R6), NET PAY (R6), DEPTH
(R9), AND PATTERN AREA (R9). SEE TABLE 2-5 FOR ERROR CHECKS IF
REQUIRED DATA NOT INPUT.
2. "DEFAULT" DATA - ENTER ZERO, UNLESS SPECIFIED OTHERWISE, TO
DEFAULT TO THE VALUE INDICATED. VALUES GREATER THAN ZERO
ARE USED AS SPECIFIED, UNLESS MINIMUM/MAXIMUM BOUNDS ARE
INDICATED.
3. "NO DEFAULT" DATA - ANY VALUE ENTERED, INCLUDING ZERO, IS USED
AS SPECIFIED.

2.1 RESERVOIR DATA

CARD R1 ***** READ TITLE

READ(IR,) TITLE
MAY BE UP TO 80 ALPHA-NUMERIC CHARACTERS

CARD R2 ***** READ RUN CONTROLS

READ(IR,) IECON, ICAUST, ILIT, NPC
IECON - CONTROLS ECONOMIC ANALYSIS (NO DEFAULT)
= 0, NO ECONOMIC CALCULATIONS, SKIP CARDS E1-E22
= 1, ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF PERFORMANCE AS PREDICTED BY THIS
MODEL, READ CARDS E1-E22
ICAUST - CONTROLS FLOOD TYPE (NO DEFAULT)
(NOTE: IF ICAUST .GT. 0, NPC BELOW MUST BE .EQ. 0)
= 0, MICELLAR-POLYMER (SURFACTANT-POLYMER)
= 1, CAUSTIC FLOOD (IMPLEMENTED CASE, SEE SECTION 1.5 AND TABLE 1-1)
= 2, CAUSTIC-POLYMER FLOOD (SEE SECTION 1.5 AND TABLE 1-1)
= 3, CAUSTIC-POLYMER FLOOD (ADVANCED CASE, SEE SECTION 1.5 AND
TABLE 1-1)
ILIT - LITHOLOGY INDICATOR (NO DEFAULT)
= 0, 1 SANDSTONE
=2 CARBONATE
NPC - SWITCH FOR NPC MODIFICATIONS TO ORIGINAL CFPM
(SEE SECTION 1.3)
=0 ORIG MODEL (RECOMMENDED FOR HIGH-WATER-CONTENT AND LOW
VISCOSITY SOLUBLE-OIL SLUGS)
=1 USES NPC MODIFICATIONS (RECOMMENDED FOR VERY VISCOUS
SOLUBLE-OIL SLUGS)

CARD R3 ***** READ RESERVOIR DATA

READ(IR,) TEMP,TMAX,SALIN,SMAX,PFORM
TEMP - RESERVOIR TEMPERATURE, DEG. F
(DEFAULT:TEMP=60.0+DEPTH*GGRAD, WHERE GGRAD=0.017 DEG.F/FT)
TMAX - MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE RESERVOIR TEMPERATURE, DEG. F
(DEFAULT= 200. MODEL WILL NOT RUN IF TEMP .GT. TMAX)
SALIN - FORMATION WATER SALINITY, PPM TDS (DEFAULT = 50000.)
SMAX - MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE FORMATION WATER SALINITY, PPM TDS
(DEFAULT = 100000. MODEL WILL NOT RUN IF SALIN .GT. SMAX)

40
 PFORM - RESERVOIR PRESSURE, PSIA (DEFAULT: PFORM=15.+DEPTH*0.433)

CARD R4 ***** READ RESERVOIR DATA

READ(IR,) OOIP,COIL,FBW,FGC,RS
OOIP - ORIGINAL OIL-IN-PLACE IN DEVELOPED AREA, MMSTB (NO DEFAULT, BUT
IF OOIP.LE.0.0, THEN COIL BELOW MUST BE .GT. 0.0)
COIL - CUMULATIVE OIL PRODUCED AT END OF WATERFLOOD, MMSTB (NO
DEFAULT, BUT IF COIL LE. 0.0, THEN SORW (CARD R8) MUST BE GT. 0.0)
FBW - FRACTION OOIP UNDERLAIN BY BOTTOM WATER (NO DEFAULT, BOUNDED
BY 0.0 AND 1.0)
FGC - FRACTION OOIP COVERED BY GAS CAP (NO DEFAULT, BOUNDED BY 0.0
AND 1.0)
RS - SOLUTION GAS-OIL RATIO, SCF/STB (FOR RS OF 0.0, ENTER 0.0; TO INVOKE
DEFAULT ENTER -1.0. SEE SECTION 3.1 FOR DEFAULT)

CARD R5 ***** READ FLUID PROPERTIES

READ(IR,) BOI,BOF,BWF,VISO,VISW,API,SGG
BOI - INITIAL (DISCOVERY) OIL FORMATION VOLUME FACTOR,-RB/STB
(DEFAULT: SEE SECTION 3.1)
BOF - FINAL OIL FORMATION VOLUME FACTOR (AT END OF WATERFLOOD),
RB/STB (DEFAULT = 1.0)
BWF - FINAL WATER FORMATION VOLUME FACTOR (AT END OF WATERFLOOD)
(DEFAULT = 1.0 + 1.2E-4*(TEMP-60.)+1.OE-6*(TEMP-60.)**2- 3.33E-6*PFORM)
VISO - OIL VISCOSITY, CP (DEFAULT: SEE SECTION 3.1)
VISW - WATER VISCOSITY, CP (DEFAULT:VISW=EXP(l.003-1.479E-2*TEMP +1.982E-
5*TEMP**2),VAN WINGEN CORRELATION, API, 1950)
API - OIL GRAVITY, DEG. API (REQUIRED)
SGG - GAS SPECIFIC GRAVITY W.R.T. AIR, FRACTION (DEFAULT= 0.8)

CARD R6 ***** READ RESERVOIR PROPERTIES DATA

READ(IR,) PHI, PERM, PAY, VDP, DSIN, WCLAY, XKVKH
PHI - POROSITY, FRACTION (REQUIRED)
PERM - PERMEABILITY, MD (REQUIRED)
PAY - NET PAY THICKNESS, FT (REQUIRED)
VDP - DYKSTRA-PARSONS COEFFICIENT (DEFAULT= 0.72)
DSIN - USER SPECIFIED SURFACTANT RETENTION IN UNITS OF PORE VOLUME.
IF DSIN = 0.0, MODEL COMPUTES RETENTION, DS, BASED ON WCLAY
BELOW. IF DSIN GT. 0.0, DSIN OVERRIDES DS CALCULATION.
(DEFAULT=0.0)
WCLAY - WEIGHT FRACTION CLAY (DEFAULT=0.1); USED TO COMPUTE
SURFACTANT RETENTION IN PORE VOLUMES, DS, IF DSIN = 0.0 ABOVE,
FROM THE EQUATION (FOR SANDSTONE) DS = ((1.0-
PHI)/PHI)*(RHOR/RHOS)*(l.0/CS)*((3.3*WCLAY)/1000.0). NOTE: IF NPC = 1,
MODEL SETS DS = 0.1154)
XKVKH - KV/KH RATIO (NO DEFAULT)

CARD R7 ***** READ CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

READ(IR,) RHOR, RHOS, CS, VPSDS, EDIN
RHOR - ROCK GRAIN DENSITY, G/ML (DEFAULT= 2.68)
RHOS - SURFACTANT SLUG DENSITY, G/ML (DEFAULT = 1.0)
CS - INJECTED SURFACTANT CONCENTRATION IN SLUG, VOLUME FRACTION
(DEFAULT = 0.05)
VPSDS - DIMENSIONLESS SURFACTANT SLUG SIZE. VPSDS IS EQUAL TO THE
ACTUAL PV SURFACTANT SLUG INJECTED (VPS) DIVIDED BY DS OR DSIN
(DEFAULT = 1.3)
EDIN - USER SPECIFIED DISPLACEMENT EFFICIENCY, USUALLY FROM LARGE
SLUG COREFLOOD (DEFAULT: CALCULATED FROM CAPILLARY NO. IN
SUBROUTINE CAPNO)

CARD R8 ***** READ RELATIVE PERMEABILITY DATA

READ(IR,) SWC, SORW, KORO, KORW, XNO, XNW
(NOTE: SEE TABLE 2-3 FOR RELATIVE PERMEABILITY RELATIONSHIPS)

41
 SWC - CONNATE WATER SATURATION, FRACTION (DEFAULT = 0.3)
SORW - RESIDUAL OIL SATURATION AT END OF WATERFLOOD, FRACTION
(DEFAULTS: IF (SORW.LE.0.0.AND.ILIT.LE.1) SORW=0.25 (SANDSTONE);
IF (SORW.LE.0.0 AND.ILIT.GT.1) SORW=0.38 (CARBONATE))
KORO - OIL RELATIVE PERMEABILITY AT SWC (DEFAULTS:
IF (KORO.LE.0.0.AND.ILIT.LT.1) KORO=0.8 (SANDSTONE);
IF (KORO.LE.0.0.AND.ILIT.GT.1) KORO=0.4 (CARBONATE)
KORW - WATER RELATIVE PERMEABILITY AT SORW (DEFAULTS:
IF (KORW.LE.0.0.AND.ILIT.LE.1) KORW=0.2 (SANDSTONE);
IF (KORW.LE.0.0.AND.ILIT.GT.1) KORW=0.3 (CARBONATE)
XNO - OIL RELATIVE PERMEABILITY CURVE EXPONENT (DEFAULT = 2.0)
XNW - WATER RELATIVE PERMEABILITY CURVE EXPONENT (DEFAULT = 2.0)

CARD R9 ***** READ RESERVOIR DESCRIPTION

READ(IR,) DEPTH, APAT, QSS, CP, VPMB
DEPTH - RESERVOIR DEPTH, FEET (REQUIRED)
APAT - PATTERN AREA, ACRES (REQUIRED)
QSS - STEADY STATE PATTERN RATE, RB/D (DEFAULT: QSS = 0.003541*
CP*PERM*PAY*DEPTH/(VISO*TRL*(5.58+0.5*ALOG(A))), WHERE A = APAT/2.0
IS THE WELL SPACING, AND TRL IS AN EMPIRICAL FACTOR WITH TRL = 1.25
IF NPC = 0 ON CARD R2, TRL = 2.5 IF NPC = 1)
CP - INJECTIVITY COEFFICIENT, PSI/FT (DEFAULT = 0.3)
NOTE: CP *DEPTH = MAXIMUM PRESSURE DROP BETWEEN INJECTOR AND
PRODUCER. CP RANGES FROM ABOUT 0.7 IF THE INJECTORS ARE AT
FRACTURE LIMIT AND THE PRODUCERS ARE COMPLETELY PUMPED OFF,
TO ABOUT 0.27 IF THE PRODUCERS HAVE A WATER HEAD.
VPMB - PORE VOLUME POLYMER (MOBILITY BUFFER) INJECTED, FRACTION
(DEFAULTS: IF (ICAUST .EQ. 0) VPMB = 0.65;
IF (ICAUST .EQ. 1) VPMB = 0.001;
IF (ICAUST .GE. 2) VPMB = 0.4)

CARD R10 **** READ END CARD (READ ONLY IF IECON = 0 ON CARD R2)
READ (IR,) END
END - "END" IN COLUMNS 1-4

2.2 ECONOMIC DATA

THE FOLLOWING CARDS ARE TO BE READ IF IECON =1 ON CARD R2

CARD E1 ***** READ TITLE

READ(IR,) TITLE
THIS IS UP TO 80 ALPHA-NUMERIC CHARACTERS

CARD E2 ***** READ CASE CONTROLS

READ(IR,) M,ISTATE,IDIST,IOUT,IFIT,IDAT,NCT,NCI,IDISC,ISO,IPLIF,IDEBT
M - NUMBER OF YEARS IN THE PROJECT (FOR ALL PATTERNS)
M MUST BE .LE. 50
ISTATE - STATE CODE. USED TO DEFAULT WELL CAPITAL COSTS (DRILLING,
COMPLETION, CONVERSION, UPGRADING) BY REGION OF U.S. SEE
SECTION 3.2 FOR EXPLANATION OF DEFAULTS BY REGION. TO INVOKE
DEFAULTS FOR WELL CAPITAL COSTS, ENTER THE APPROPRIATE
NUMBER 1-52 FROM THE TABLE BELOW, AND WPP'S AS REQUIRED ON
CARD E4.

42
CODE ALPHA STATE CODE ALPHA STATE

1 AL ALABAMA 27 KV NEVADA
2 AZ ARIZONA 28 NH NEW HAMPSHIRE
3 AR ARKANSAS 29 NJ NEW JERSEY
4 CA CALIFORNIA 30 NM NEW MEXICO
5 CO COLORADO 31 NY NEW YORK
6 CT CONNECTICUT 32 NC N.CAROLINA
7 DE DELAWARE 33 ND N.DAKOTA
8 DC WASH D.C. 34 OH OHIO
9 FL FLORIDA 35 OK OKLAHOMA
10 GA GEORGIA 36 OR OREGON
11 ID IDAHO 37 PA PENNSYLVANIA
12 IL ILLINOIS 38 RI RHODE ISLAND
13 IN INDIANA 39 SC S.CAROLINA
14 IA IOWA 40 SD S.DAKOTA
15 KS KANSAS 41 TN TENNESSEE
16 KY KENTUCKY 42 TX TEXAS
17 LA LOUISIANA 43 UT UTAH
18 ME MAINE 44 VT VERMONT
19 MD MARYLAND 45 VA VIRGINIA
20 MA MASS 46 WA WASHINGTON
21 MI MICHIGAN 47 WV WEST VIRGINIA
22 MN MINNESOTA 48 WI WISCONSIN
23 MS MISSISSIPPI 49 WY WYOMING
24 MO MISSOURI 50 AK ALASKA
25 MT MONTANA 51 HI HAWAII
26 NE NEBRASKA 52 PO OFFSHORE

TO DISABLE DEFAULTS FOR WELL COSTS, ENTER WPP1=WPP2=WPP3=WPP4=0.0 ON

CARD E4. THEN WELL COSTS MAY, IF DESIRED, BE ENTERED AS PART OF CAPITAL
COSTS ON CARDS E20-E21. IF WPP'S=0.0 ON CARD E4 AND ISTATE = 1-52 ON THIS CARD,
THEN MODEL PENALIZES OIL PRICE BASED ON API GRAVITY AND LOCATION. SEE
SECTION 3.2 FOR EXPLANATION OF PENALTIES. IF PROJECT IS OUTSIDE U.S. OR IT IS
DESIRED TO DISABLE OIL PRICE PENALTY, ENTER WPP'S = 0.0 ON CARD E4 AND ISTATE
= 53 ON THIS CARD. NOTE: IF ISTATE = 53 SELECTED, USER MUST ENTER WPP'S = 0.0 ON
CARD E4.

IDIST - DISTRICT CODE (WITHIN A STATE). USED TO DEFAULT WELL COSTS. SEE
SECTION 3.2 FOR DEFAULTS. IF OUTSIDE U.S. OR IF ISTATE= 53, ENTER IDIST=0.
FOR TEXAS RAILROAD COMMISSION (RRC) DISTRICTS, ENTER (RRC NO. * 10) + Y,
WHERE

Y = 1 FOR A
= 2 FOR B
= 3 FOR C

E.G., FOR DISTRICT 10B ENTER 102, ETC.

IOUT - CONTROLS PRINTING OF ECONOMIC CALCULATIONS (NO DEFAULT, SEE TABLE 2-2
AND SECTION 4.1)
= 0, MINIMUM OUTPUT, PRINTS ECONOMIC SUMMARY
= 1, ALSO PRINTS ANNUAL CASH FLOW, PROJECT CAPITAL
= 2, ALSO PRINTS ESCALATED VALUES OF PRICES AND COSTS
IFIT - FEDERAL INCOME TAX CREDIT OPTION (NO DEFAULT)
= 0, ALLOWS A TAX CREDIT TO OFFSET LOSSES
= 1, NO TAX CREDIT ALLOWED
IDAT - CONTROL FOR READING PRICE AND COST DATA
= 0, DEFAULT PRICES AND COSTS USED, SKIP CARDS E13-E19; SEE E13-E19 FOR
DEFAULT VALUES
= 1, READ CARDS E13-E19 FOR PRICE AND COST DATA

43
NCT - CONTROL FOR READING TANGIBLE CAPITAL INVESTMENT PER PATTERN IN ANY
GIVEN YEAR. INVESTMENTS WILL BE TIMED ACCORDING TO PATTERN SCHEDULE
ON CARD E12.
= 0, DO NOT READ TANGIBLE CAPITAL INVESTMENT ON CARD E20
= 1, READ TANGIBLE CAPITAL INVESTMENT ON CARD E20
NCI - CONTROL FOR READING INTANGIBLE CAPITAL INVESTMENT PER PATTERN IN ANY
GIVEN YEAR. INVESTMENTS WILL BE TIMED ACCORDING TO PATTERN SCHEDULE
ON CARD E12.
= 0, DO NOT READ INTANGIBLE CAPITAL INVESTMENT ON CARD E21
= 1, READ INTANGIBLE CAPITAL INVESTMENT ON CARD E21
IDISC - CONTROL FOR DISCOUNTING METHOD (NO DEFAULT)
= 0, YEAR END DISCOUNTING FACTORS USED
= 1, MID-YEAR DISCOUNTING FACTORS USED
ISO - CONTROL FOR READING SECONDARY OIL VOLUMES (NO DEFAULT)
= 0, DO NOT READ SECONDARY OIL VOLUMES
= 1, READ SECONDARY OIL VOLUMES ON CARD E11
IPLIF - CONTROL ON ECONOMIC LIFE (NO DEFAULT)
= 0, ECONOMIC LIFE BASED ON AFTER TAX CASH FLOW
= 1, ECONOMIC LIFE BASED ON NET OPERATING INCOME
IDEBT - CONTROL ON DEBT CALCULATIONS (NO DEFAULT)
= 0, NO CAPITAL BORROWING DEBT CALCULATIONS
= 1, INCLUDE CAPITAL BORROWING BASED ON DATA INPUT ON CARD E3

CARD E3 ***** READ DEBT CONTROLS (READ IF IDEBT = 1 ON CARD E2)

READ(IR,) PCTDBT, DBTINT, NYRRPY, NYPAID
PCTDBT - PERCENT OF CAPITAL (TANGIBLE AND INTANGIBLE) COSTS TO BE
BORROWED, PERCENT. (DEFAULT=20.)
DBTINT - DEBT INTEREST RATE, PERCENT (DEFAULT=15.)
NYRRPY - NUMBER OF YEARS BEFORE BEGINNING DEBT REPAYMENT (DEFAULT=1)
NYPAID - NUMBER OF YEARS BEFORE COMPLETING DEBT REPAYMENT
(DEFAULT=5)

CARD E4 ***** READ DRILLING DATA

READ(IR,) WPP1, WPP2, WPP3, WPP4
(ENTER ALL ZEROS IF WELL CAPITAL COSTS INCLUDED ON CARDS E20-21. SEE SECTION
3.2 FOR WELL CAPITAL COSTS DEFAULT EQUATIONS USING WPP'S.)
WPP1 - NUMBER OF INJECTORS DRILLED PER PATTERN (NO DEFAULT)
WPP2 - NUMBER OF PRODUCERS DRILLED PER PATTERN (NO DEFAULT)
WPP3 - NUMBER OF PRIMARY PRODUCERS CONVERTED TO SECONDARY
PRODUCERS PER PATTERN (NO DEFAULT)
WPP4 - NUMBER OF EXISTING PRODUCERS CONVERTED TO INJECTORS PER
PATTERN (NO DEFAULT)

CARD E5 ***** READ OPERATING DATA

READ(IR,) CCHM,CSCAP,CWAT,CWCAP,WOCOST,WTCOST
CCHM - CAPITAL FOR CHEMICAL HANDLING, M$ (DEFAULT: CCHM=AFAC*
1000.0*RMAX**0.6, WHERE AFAC=0.25 IF ICAUST=1, AFAC= 0.5 IF ICAUST=0
OR >1, AND RMAX IS THE CALCULATED MAX. SURFACTANT (OR CAUSTIC)
SLUG INJ. RATE OVER LIFE OF FLOOD IN MBBL/DAY.)
CSCAP - CAPACITY OF CHEMICAL PLANT, MMB/YR
(DEFAULT: CSCAP = 365. * RMAX/1000.0)
CWAT - CAPITAL FOR WATER INJECTION PLANT, M$ (NO DEFAULT; ESTIMATE IS 40.
* RMAX1, WHERE RMAX1 IS CALCULATED MAX. WATER INJ. RATE OVER
LIFE OF FLOOD IN MBBL/DAY)
CWCAP - CAPACITY OF WATER INJECTION PLANT, MMB/YR
(DEFAULT: CWCAP = 365. * RMAX1/1000.0)*
WOCOST - ANNUAL WELL, WORKOVER COST PER PATTERN, M$
(DEFAULT: 0.25*CNVT. ASSUMES ONE WORKOVER PER PATTERN EVERY
FOUR YEARS. CNVT IS THE COST TO CONVERT AN EXISTING PRODUCER
TO AN INJECTION WELL. SEE SECTION 3.2 FOR DEFAULT FOR CNVT.
WTCOST - PRODUCED WATER TREATING AND INJECTION COST, $/BBL (DEFAULT =
0.03)

44
CARD E6 ***** READ OPERATING DATA
READ(IR,) WCAP,UNCO,COSTRT
WCAP - MONTHS OF WORKING CAPITAL, MONTHS (NO DEFAULT)
UNCO OIL VOLUME UNCERTAINTY, FRACTION (DEFAULT 0.001)
COSTRT - PROJECT STARTUP COSTS, M$ (NO DEFAULT; THE NEGATIVE OF COSTRT
IS USED TO INITIALIZE CASH FLOW)

CARD E7 ***** READ TAXES AND ESCALATION FACTORS

READ(IR,) XDR,XINF,XROY,XSEV,XFIT,XTCR,DTIM,XSTX
XDR - MONETARY DISCOUNT RATE (DEFAULT = 0.10)
XINF - INFLATION RATE (NO DEFAULT)
XROY - ROYALTY RATE (NO DEFAULT)
XSEV - SEVERANCE TAX RATE (NO DEFAULT)
XFIT - FEDERAL INCOME TAX RATE (NO DEFAULT)
XTCR - INVESTMENT TAX CREDIT (NO DEFAULT)
DTIM - INVESTMENT DEPRECIATION TIME, YR (NO DEFAULT)
IF DTIM = 0.0, MODEL USES ACCELERATED CAPITAL RECOVERY SYSTEM (5
YEAR DEPRECIATION) ACCORDING TO 1981 TAX ACT (SEE TABLE 2-4). IF
DTIM .GT. 0.0, USES STRAIGHT LINE DEPRECIATION FROM YEAR OF
INVESTMENT OVER DTIM YEARS.
XSTX - STATE INCOME TAX RATE (NO DEFAULT)

CARD E8 ***** READ WINDFALL EXCISE TAX DATA

READ(IR,) XWPT,WPHO,EPHO,BTIM,BPOW
XWPT - WINDFALL EXCISE TAX RATE. IF 0.0 THEN IGNORES TAX. SEE SECTION 3.2
FOR EXPLANATION OF WINDFALL EXCISE TAX.
WPHO - WINDFALL TAX BEGINNING PHASE OUT DATE (DEFAULT 1991)
EPHO - WINDFALL TAX ENDING PHASE OUT DATE (DEFAULT 1995)
BTIM - BASE TIME FOR PROJECT START (DEFAULT 1985)
BPOW - BASE OIL PRICE AT START OF PROJECT FOR WPT CALCULATIONS ONLY,
$/BBL (DEFAULT = 23.07 * (1.*XINF)**(BTIM-1983.)) (NOTE: OIL PRICE FOR
SALES AND REVENUE PURPOSES IS ENTERED OR DEFAULTED ON CARD
E13)

CARD E9 ***** READ ESCALATION DATA

READ(IR,) ESCPO,ESCPG,ESCPI,ESCFO,ESCTR,ESCCT,ESCCI,ESCWO
ESCPO - ESCALATION RATE OF OIL PRICE (NO DEFAULT)
ESCPG - ESCALATION RATE OF GAS PRICE (NO DEFAULT)
ESCPI - ESCALATION RATE OF CHEMICAL PRICE (NO DEFAULT)
ESCFO - ESCALATION RATE OF OPERATING COSTS (NO DEFAULT)
ESCTR - ESCALATION RATE OF CHEMICAL HANDLING COST (NO DEFAULT)
ESCCT - ESCALATION RATE OF TANGIBLE CAPITAL (NO DEFAULT)
ESCCI - ESCALATION RATE OF INTANGIBLE CAPITAL (NO DEFAULT)
ESCWO - ESCALATION RATE OF WELL WORKOVER COST (NO DEFAULT)

CARD E10 ***** SECONDARY OIL PRODUCTION DATA

READ(IR,) OILB,OILC,DECL
OILB - 1979 PROJECT BASE OIL RATE, MBBL/YR (DEFAULT = 0.)
OILC - CURRENT NON-TERTIARY PROJECT OIL RATE, MBBL/YR (DEFAULT = OILB *
(l.-DECL)**(BTIM-1979))
DECL - ANNUAL OIL RATE DECLINE RATE, FRACTION (DEFAULT = 15.)

CARD E11 ***** READ SECONDARY OIL PRODUCTION CURVE

(READ IF ISO = 1 ON CARD E2)
READ(IR,) (VOS(I),I=1,M)
VOS(I) - VOLUME OF SECONDARY OIL PER PATTERN EACH YEAR, MBBL/YR (NOTE:
IF SO=0, MODEL DEFAULTS VOS(I)=OILC* (l.-DECL)**(FLOAT(I)-0.5); TO
OBTAIN VOS(I)=0.0, SET OILB=0.0 ON CARD E10)

CARD E12 ***** READ PROJECT PATTERN SCHEDULE

READ(IR,) (PATI(I),I=1,M)

45
 PATI(I) - NUMBER OF PATTERNS INITIATED EACH YEAR OF THE PROJECT (NO
DEFAULT)

IF IDAT=0 ON CARD E2, MODEL USES DEFAULT PRICES AND COSTS; SKIP TO CARD E20

IN ALL OF THE FOLLOWING ARRAYS, THE LAST LETTER (H, M, OR L) MEANS HIGH, MOST LIKELY,
OR LOW VALUE OF THE PARAMETER IN A GIVEN YEAR. THE HIGH AND LOW VALUES SHOULD BE
CHOSEN TO REPRESENT A CONFIDENCE LEVEL OF 80 PERCENT. LOW PRICE HAS A 90%
CHANCE OF BEING OBTAINED, AND THE HIGH PRICE HAS ONLY A 10% CHANCE OF BEING
REACHED. SEE SECTION 1.6 FOR DISCUSSION OF RISK.

PRICES AND COSTS, WHETHER ENTERED OR DEFAULTED, ARE SCALED BY PROGRAM

(SUBROUTINE ECFTR) DUE TO VARIATION IN OIL PRICE FROM $30.00/BBL. THE PRICE FACTOR IS
FACT=(POM(1)-30.00)/30., WHERE POM(1) IS ENTERED OR DEFAULTED ON CARD E13. THEN:

DRILLING AND COMPLETION FACTOR = 1.0 +(0.4 * FACT)

EQUIPMENT FACTOR = 1.0 +(0.3 * FACT)
OPERATING COSTS FACTOR = 1.0 +(0.2 * FACT)
SURFACTANT PRICE FACTOR = 1.0 + (0.6209 * FACT)
CAUSTIC PRICE FACTOR = 1.0 + (0.3913 * FACT)
POLYMER PRICE FACTOR = 1.0 + (0.3913 * FACT)
OIL PRICE FACTOR = 1.0 + FACT

CARD E13 ***** READ OIL PRICE DATA

READ(IR,) POL(l),POM(l),POH(l)
POL(1) - LOW OIL PRICE, $/BBL (DEFAULT = POM(1) * 0.8)
POM(1) - MOST LIKELY OIL PRICE, $/BBL (DEFAULT = 30.00. THIS READ OR
DEFAULTED OIL PRICE MAY SUBSEQUENTLY BE REDUCED BASED ON API
GRAVITY AND LOCATION. SEE SECTION 3.2 FOR DISCUSSION OF OIL
PRICE PENALTIES.)
POH(1) - HIGH OIL PRICE, $/BBL (DEFAULT = POM(1) *1.2)

CARD E14 ***** READ GAS PRICE DATA

READ(IR,) PGL(l),PGM(l),PGH(l)
PGL(1) - LOW GAS PRICE, $/MSCF (DEFAULT=PGM(1)*0.8)
PGM(1) - MOST LIKELY GAS PRICE, $/MSCF (DEFAULT=POM(1)/6.0)
PGH(1) - HIGH GAS PRICE, $/MSCF (DEFAULT=PGM(1)*1.2)

CARD E15 ***** READ SURFACTANT (CAUSTIC) SLUG PRICE DATA

READ(IR,) PIL(1),PIM(1),PIH(1)
PIL(1) - LOW SLUG PRICE, $/BBL (DEFAULT = PIM(1) * 0.8)
PIM(1) - MOST LIKELY SLUG PRICE, $/BBL (SURFACTANT DEFAULT = 7.00; CAUSTIC
DEFAULTS: IF (ICAUST .GT. 1) PIM(1) = 0.60; IF (ICAUST .GT. 1) PIM(1) =
1.90)
PIH(1) - HIGH SLUG PRICE, $/BBL (DEFAULT = PIM(1) * 1.2)

CARD E16 ***** READ POLYMER PRICE DATA

READ(IR,) PPL(l),PPM(l),PPH(l)
PPL(1) - LOW POLYMER PRICE, $/LB (DEFAULT = 1.28)
PPM(1) - MOST LIKELY POLYMER PRICE, $/LB (DEFAULT = 1.60)
PPH(1) - HIGH POLYMER PRICE, $/LB (DEFAULT = 1.92)

CARD E17 ***** READ FIXED ANNUAL OPERATING COST DATA

(INCLUDES MAINTENANCE, OTHER COSTS THAT DO NOT DEPEND ON OIL RATE)
READ(IR,) FOCL(1),FOCM(1),FOCH(1)
FOCL(1) - LOW FIXED OPERATING COST PER PATTERN, $/YR
(DEFAULT: FOCL(1) = FOCM(1) * 0.8)
FOCM(1) - MOST LIKELY FIXED OPERATING COST PER PATTERN, $/YR
(DEFAULT: FOCM(1) = 0.5 * (CDAO+CIWO) * (WPP1+WPP2), WHERE CDAO
(OPER. COSTS FOR SEC. RECOVERY) AND CIWO (ADDITIONAL OPER.

46
 COSTS FOR OFFSHORE WATER INJECTION PLANT) ARE DEFAULTED IN
SECTION 3.2)
FOCH(1) - HIGH FIXED OPERATING COST PER PATTERN, $/YR
(DEFAULT: FOCH(1) = FOCM(1) * 1.2)

CARD E18 ***** READ VARIABLE ANNUAL OPERATING COST DATA

(INCLUDES LIFTING AND OTHER COSTS THAT DEPEND ON OIL PRODUCTION DIRECTLY,
BUT NOT ROYALTY OR SEVERANCE)
READ(IR,) OPCL(1),OPCM(1),OPCH(1)
OPCL(1) - LOW VARIABLE OPERATING COSTS, $/BBL OIL PRODUCED (DEFAULT =
0.40)
OPCM(1) - MOST LIKELY VARIABLE OPERATING COSTS, $/BBL OIL PRODUCED
(DEFAULT = 0.50)
OPCH(1) - HIGH VARIABLE OPERATING COSTS, $/BBL OIL PRODUCED (DEFAULT =
0.60)

CARD E19 ***** READ CHEMICAL HANDLING/TREATING-COST DATA

(INCLUDES FILTERING, MIXING, OXYGEN SCAVENGERS, BACTERICIDES, ETC.)
READ(IR,) TRPL(1),TRPM(1),TRPH(1)
TRPL(1) - LOW CHEMICAL HANDLING COST, $/BBL SLUG (DEFAULT= 0.08)
TRPM(1) - MOST LIKELY CHEMICAL HANDLING COST, $/BBL SLUG (DEFAULT = 0.10)
TRPH(1) - HIGH CHEMICAL HANDLING COST, $/BBL SLUG (DEFAULT = 0.12)

CARD E20 ***** READ TANGIBLE CAPITAL INVESTMENT

(READ IF NCT=1 ON CARD E2)
(FLOW LINES, WELLS, ROADS, AND PRODUCTION FACILITIES.)
IF WELLS ENTERED ON CARD E4, DO NOT ENTER WELL CAPITAL COSTS ON THIS CARD.
READ(IR,) ICT,CTPL,CTPM,CTPH
ICT - ENTER 1.0
CTPL - LOW TANGIBLE CAPITAL COST PER PATTERN, $ (NO DEFAULT)
CTPM - MOST LIKELY TANGIBLE CAPITAL COST PER PATTERN, $ (NO DEFAULT)
CTPH - HIGH TANGIBLE CAPITAL COST PER PATTERN, $ (NO DEFAULT)

CARD E21 ***** READ INTANGIBLE CAPITAL INVESTMENT

(READ IF NCI=1 ON CARD E2)
(CAPITAL EXPENSED IN A GIVEN YEAR.) IF WELLS ENTERED ON CARD E4, DO NOT ENTER
WELL CAPITAL COSTS ON THIS CARD.
READ(IR,) ICI,CIPL,CIPM,CIPH
ICI - ENTER 1.0
CIPL - LOW INTANGIBLE CAPITAL COST PER PATTERN, $ (NO DEFAULT)
CIPM - MOST LIKELY INTANGIBLE CAPITAL COST PER PATTERN, (NO DEFAULT)
CIPH - HIGH INTANGIBLE CAPITAL COST PER PATTERN, $ (NO DEFAULT)

CARD E22 ***** READ END CARD

READ (IR,) END
END - "END" IN COLUMNS 1-4

********** RETURN TO CARD R1 FOR NEW CASE**********

47
 TABLE 2-1
CFPM DATA ENTRY

Reservoir Data

R1 TITLE
R2 IECON, ICAUST, ILIT, NPC
R3 TEMP, TMAX, SALIN, SMAX, PFORM
R4 OOIP, COIL, FBW, FGC, RS
R5 BOI, BOF, BWF, VISO, VISW, API, SGG
R6 PHI, PERM, PAY, VDP, DSIN, WCLAY, XKVKH
R7 RHOR, RHOS, CS, VPSDS, EDIN
R8 SWC, SORW, KORO, KORW, XNO, XNW
R9 DEPTH, APAT, QSS, CP, VPMB
R10 END (ENTER IF IECON=0)

Economic Data

E1 TITLE
E2 M, ISTATE, IDIST, IOUT, IFIT, IDAT, NCT, NCI, IDISC, ISO, IPLIF, IDEBT
E3 PCTDBT, DBTINT, NYRRPY, NYPAID (ENTER IF IDEBT=1)
E4 WPP1, WPP2, WPP3, WPP4
E5 CCHM, CSCAP, CWAT, CWCAP, WOCOST, WTCOST
E6 WCAP, UNCO, COSTRT
E7 XDR, XINF, XROY, XSEV, XFIT, XTCR, DTIM, XSTX
E8 XWPT, WPHO, EPHO, BTIM, BPOW
E9 ESCPO, ESCPG, ESCPI, ESCFO, ESCTR, ESCCT, ESCCI, ESCWO
E10 OILB, OILC, DECL
E11 VOS(1), I=1, M (ENTER IF ISO=1)
E12 PAT(1), I=1, M
*** SKIP TO E19 IF IDAT=0
E13 POL(1), POM(1), POH(1)
E14 PGL(1), PGM(1), PGH(1)
E15 PIL(1), PIM(1), PIH(1)
E16 PPL(1), PPM(1), PPH(1)
E17 FOCL(1), FOCM(1), FOCH(1)
E18 OPCL(1), OPCM(1), OPCH(1)
E19 TRPL(1), TRPM(1), TRPH(1)
E20 ICT, CTPL, CTPM, CTPH (ENTER IF NCT=0)
E21 ICI, CIPL, CIPM, CIPH (ENTER IF NCI=0)
E22 END

48
 TABLE 2-2 - PRINT CONTROLS

IOUT (Card E2) - Print Control for Reservoir Calculations1

TABLES PRINTED (Example, Section 4) IOUT

0 1 2
Economic Data, Taxes and Escalation, Prices and Costs (4-6/7) Yes Yes Yes
Annual Pattern and Project Volumes (4-7) No Yes Yes
Project Capital and ChemIcal Schedule (4-8) No Yes Yes
Escalated Costs, DCFROR Iteration (4-9) No No Yes
Annual Cash Flow Tables (4-10) No Yes Yes
Undiscounted Results, DCF Calculations (4-11) No Yes Yes
Project Summary, Profitability (4-12) Yes Yes Yes
1
In CFPM, there is no print control option for reservoir results, Tables 4-1 through 4-5.

TABLE 2-3 - RELATIVE PERMEABILITY RELATIONSHIPS

The following Corey-type equations are used to calculate (SUBROUTINE RELP) the relative
permeabilities of water (KRW) and oil (KRO), and water fractional flow (FW) and its derivative
(DFW/DSW):

UO = (1.0-SW-SORW)/(1.0-SWC-SORW)
KRO = XKROE*UO**XNO

UW = (SW-SWC)/(1.0-SWC-SORW)
KRW = XKRWE*UW**XNW

WMOB = KRO*VISW/VISO/KRW
FW = 1.0/(1.0+WMOB)

DKRO = -XNO*KRO/(1.0-SW-SORW)
DKRW = XNW**KRW/(SW-SWC)
UKR = KRO*DKRW-KRW*DKRO
DFW/DSW = FW*FW*VISW/VISO/KRW/KRW*UKR

TABLE 2-4 - CONSTANTS FOR ACCELERATED CAPITAL RECOVERY SYSTEM

DEPRECIATION ACCORDING TO 1981 TAX ACT

This table used if DTIM = 0.0 (Card E7)

Annual Depreciation as a Percent of Asset Value

Service Year Yr 1 Yr 2 Yr 3 Yr 4 Yr 5

1981-84 15 22 21 21 21
1985 18 33 25 16 8
1986+ 20 32 24 16 8

49
 TABLE 2-5
ERROR CHECKS ON RESERVOIR DATA

The message "REQUIRED RESERVOIR DATA IS MISSING, OR IN ERROR-ICHK=" is printed

whenever certain data are entered as shown below. For ICHK.NE.0, the program will read the
remaining reservoir data and economic data, if any, but will not execute.

Data (Card) ICHK

API.LE.0.0 (R5) 1
DEPTH.LE.0.0 (R9) 2
FBW.LT.0.0.OR.FBW.GT.1.0 (R4) 3
FGC.LT.0.0.OR.FGC.GT.1.0 (R4) 4
COIL.LE.0.0.AND.SORW.LE.0.0 (R4, R8) 5
OOIP.LE.0.0.AND.COIL.LE.0.0 (R4) 6
SWC.GT.1.0 (R8) 7
APAT.LE.0.0 (R9) 8
PERM.LE.0.0 (R6) 9
PHI.LE.0.0 (R6) 10
PAY.LE.0.0 (R6) 11

50
 SECTION 3
DEFAULT EQUATIONS

Default equations too lengthy for Section 2 are presented here.

3.1 RESERVOIR DATA

Oil Viscosity

Oil viscosity, VISO (card R5) is defaulted according to API gravity and RS (see. discussion below
for RS default) using the correlation of Beggs and Robinson (1975). The model first calculates
the dead oil viscosity, VISD (cp)

VISD = 10.0**X-1, 3.1

where

X = Y/TEMP**1.163,
Y = 10.0**Z,
Z = 3.0324-0.02023*API,

and TEMP is the reservoir temperature, F (card R3). Then the live oil viscosity is

VISO = A*VISD**B, 3.2

where
A = 10.715/(GOR+100.0)**0.515
and
B = 5.44/(GOR+150.0)**0.338.

Solution Gas-Oil Ratio

Solution gas-oil ratio, RS (card R4), is defaulted by API gravity (Vasquez and Beggs, 1980).
These correlations appear to give low values for heavy crude oils. The model first corrects the
gas gravity, SGG, as input or defaulted on card R5 to a 100 psig separator condition, assuming
the separator is at TEMP:

SGG = SGG*(1.0+5.912E-5*API*TEMP*ALOG(64.7/114.7)). 3.3

SGG calculated from Eq. (3.3) is bounded by 0.8 and 1.4.

Then for API.LE.30, in SCF/STB

RS = 0.0362*SGG*(PFORM**1.0937)*EXP(25.724*(API/(TEMP+460.))), 3.4

and for API.GT.30,

RS = 0.0178*SGG*(PFORM**1.187)*EXP(23.931*(API/(TEMP+460.))). 3.5

51
Oil Formation Volume Factor

Oil formation volume factor, BOI (card R5), is defaulted according to API gravity (Vasquez and
Beggs, 1980).

BOI = 1.0+C1*RS+(C2+C3*RS)*(TEMP-60.)*(API/SGG), 3.6

where for API.LE.30.,

C1 = 4.677E-4
C2 = 1.751E-5
C3 = -1.811E-8

and for API.GT.30.,

C1 = 4.67E-4
C2 = 1.1E-5
C3 = 1.337E-9.

3.2 ECONOMIC DATA

CFPM Treatment of Well Capital Costs

Well tangible (WCT) and intangible (WCI) capital costs are calculated as follows: The total well
capital is

CAP = (CINJ*WPP1)+(CINJ+CEQP)*WPP2 +
CSEC*WPP3+CNVT*WPP4+CREP, 3.7

where the WPP's are read on card E4 (Section 2.2) and the CINJ, etc. are defined below. Per
pattern

WCT = 0.28*(CEQP*WPP2+CSEC*WPP3), 3.8

and

WCI = CAP-WCT. 3.9

The total project intangible capital is obtained by summinq the WCI over the number of patterns.
A similar calculation is performed for the total project tangible capital, CTCM(I), except that the
capital for water injection (CWAT) and chemical handling (CCHM) plants are included in year one
of the project

CTCM(1) = WCT+CCHM+CWAT. 3.10

CCHM and CWAT are defaulted on card E5.

The well capital and operating costs defaults given below were taken from correlations from the
DOE/EIA-0185(82) report, "Costs and Indexes for Domestic Oil and Gas Field Equipment and
Production Operations, 1982. These defaults should be used with caution, however, as they
were developed in an era when oil prices were $35.00/bbl and increasing. By 1986, oil prices
and drilling costs had dropped by 50% (or more) from the 1981-1982 period. In the model, an
attempt was made to account for some of this drop in costs by using cost adjustment factors (see
discussion prior to card E13).

52
Drilling and Completion Costs

These costs (CINJ) include the cost of drilling and completing through the wellhead, including
tubing, and are used to represent the cost of new injection wells. New producing wells have
additional equipment costs which are discussed below. CINJ is defaulted according to depth and
region of the U.S. (Figure 3-1). In $/ well,

CINJ = DEPTH*(A0+A1*DEPTH+A2*DEPTH**A3), 3.11

where A0-A3 are shown in Table 3-1.

TABLE 3-1
COEFFICIENTS FOR DRILLING AND COMPLETION COSTS (EQ. 3.11)

Region (Fig. 3-1) A0 A1 A2 A3

Pacific Coast 77.080 4.688E-3 1.901E-10 2.8

Rocky Mountains 95.540 -3.855E-2 6.300E-3 1.2
Permian Basin1 41.583 4.439E-4 2.530E-10 2.8
Gulf Coast2 32.250 4.526E-3 2.255E-10 2.8
Mid-Continents3 34.483 2.472E-3 2.839E-10 2.8
Northeastern 33.522 1.175E-3 1.502E-8 2.4
1
Includes Texas RRC Districts 7-9.
2
Includes Texas RRC Districts 1-6.
3
Includes Texas RRC District 10.

Costs To Equip New Producing Well

These costs (CEQP) consist of all costs to equip a new producing well for secondary recovery,
excluding costs for tubing. CEQP is defaulted according to depth and region of the U.S. (Figure
3-2). In $/ producing well,

CEQP = B0+B1*DEPTH, 3.12

where B0 and B1 are shown in Table 3-2.

TABLE 3-2
COEFFICIENTS FOR COSTS TO EQUIP NEW PRODUCING WELL (EQ. 3.12)

Region (Fig. 3-2) B0 B1

Permian Basin 15145.0 18.0632

Pacific Coast 17635.0 29.0925
Rocky Mountains1 15615.0 18.2418
Western Gulf Coast2 11755.0 19.4718
Eastern Gulf Coasts3 12585.0 21.0825
Mid-Continent and Northeastern4 11455.0 18.8818
1
Includes New Mexico District 1.
2
Includes Texas RRC Districts 1-3.
3
Includes Florida, and Louisiana District 2.
4
Includes Texas RRC District 9.

53
Costs of Additional Secondary Production Equipment for a Primary Well Converted to a
Secondary Well

For these costs (CSEC), it is assumed that the existing processing and lease facilities are not
replaced, old producing well equipment is replaced, and that costs for drilling and equipping
water supply wells are included. CSEC is defaulted according to depth and region of the U.S.
(Figure 3-2). In $/ well,

CSEC = C0+C1*DEPTH, 3.13

where C0 and C1 are shown in Table 3-3.

TABLE 3-3
COEFFICIENTS FOR COSTS OF ADDITIONAL SECONDARY PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT (EQ. 3.13)

Region (Fig. 3-2) C0 C1

Permian Basin 14830.0 22.486

Pacific Coast 17480.0 33.467
Rocky Mountains1 11775.0 22.901
Western Gulf Coast2 11645.0 22.653
Eastern Gulf Coasts3 12460.0 24.234
Mid-Continent and Northeastern4 11330.0 22.037
1
Includes New Mexico District 1.
2
Includes Texas RRC Districts 1-3.
3
Includes Florida, and Louisiana District 2.
4
Includes Texas RRC District 9.

Costs to Convert a Producing Well to an Injection Well

These costs (CNVT) include removal of producing equipment and tubing, acidizing and cleaning
out the wellbore, and installing new plastic coated tubing and a waterflood packer. CNVT is
defaulted by depth and region of the U.S. (Figure 3-2). In $/ well,

CNVT = E0+E1*DEPTH, 3.14

where E0 and E1 are shown in Table 3-4.

TABLE 3-4
COEFFICIENTS FOR COSTS TO CONVERT PRODUCING WELL TO INJECTION WELL (EQ. 3.14)

Region (Fig. 3-2) E0 E1

Permian Basin 5463.0 5.979

Pacific Coast 6924.0 6.051
Rocky Mountains1 6240.0 6.109
Western Gulf Coast2 5679.0 5.921
Eastern Gulf Coasts3 6280.0 5.950
Mid-Continent and Northeastern4 6051.0 5.888
1
Includes New Mexico District 1.
2
Includes Texas RRC Districts 1-3.
3
Includes Florida, and Louisiana District 2.
4
Includes Texas RRC District 9.

54
Costs To Upgrade Surface Processing Equipment and Lease Facilities For Secondary
Recovery Operations

These costs (CREP) include flowlines, manifolds, separators, treaters, tanks, LACT unit, disposal
system and accessories. CREP is defaulted by depth and region of the U.S. (Figure 3-2). In $/
producing well,

CREP = F0+F1*DEPTH+F2*DEPTH**2 + F3*DEPTH**3, 3.15

where F0-F3 are shown in Table 3-5. If WPP4=0 on card E4, then the model sets CREP=0.

TABLE 3-5
COEFFICIENTS FOR COSTS TO UPGRADE SURFACE PROCESSING EQUIPMENT (EQ. 3.15)

Region (Fig. 3-2) F0 F1 F2 F3

Permian Basin 19047.0 -0.8017 3.2082E-4 -1.1398E-8

Pacific Coast 31981.0 3.0716 -1.0204E-4 -4.4933E-11
Rocky Mountains1 23846.0 0.7057 7.3254E-5 -2.6723E-9
Western Gulf Coast2 16143.0 4.5661 -2.1530E-4 2.6401E-9
Eastern Gulf Coasts3 16186.0 5.7947 -3.7218E-4 8.0871E-9
Mid-Continent and Northeastern4 16656.0 1.5242 7.4214E-5 -4.9619E-9
1
Includes New Mexico District 1.
2
Includes Texas RRC Districts 1-3.
3
Includes Florida, Louisiana District 2.
4
Includes Texas RRC District 9.

Direct Annual 0perating Costs for Secondary Recovery Operations

These costs (CDAO) include all costs essential to the production of oil and gas, such as cost of
labor, power, equipment repair and maintenance, fluid injection, treatment of oil and gas, etc.
CDAO is defaulted according to depth and region of the U.S. (Figure 3-2). In $/ producing well/
year,

CDAO = G0+G1*DEPTH, 3.16

where G0 and G1 are shown in Table 3-6. CDAO is used to default fixed annual operating costs
(card E17).

TABLE 3-6
COEFFICIENTS FOR DIRECT ANNUAL OPERATING COSTS (EQ. 3.16)

Region (Fig. 3-2) G2 G1

Permian Basin 15440.0 4.159

Pacific Coast 13068.0 9.062
Rocky Mountains1 19459.0 4.384
Western Gulf Coast2 19456.0 5.459
Eastern Gulf Coasts3 21570.0 5.597
Mid-Continent and Northeastern4 13205.0 5.222
1
Includes New Mexico District 1.
2
Includes Texas RRC Districts 1-3.
3
Includes Florida, and Louisiana District 2.
4
Includes Texas RRC District 9.

55
Costs for Offshore 0perations

Defaults for these costs are as follows (use ISTATE=52 on card E2 for offshore):

CINJ = 458492.-56.3271*DEPTH+0.03043*DEPTH**2, $/well

CEQP = 0.0

CSEC = 650000.+230000.*RATE
-2800.*RATE**2, $/well

where RATE is the maximum water injection rate calculated by the model. Also,

CNVT = 171366.+21.825*DEPTH, $/well,

CREP = 0.0,

CDAO = $169,000/well/yr.

and

CIWO = 40200*RATE+8080*RATE*PGM(1).

CIWO is the additional operating cost for offshore water injection, and if ISTATE=52, is used to
default fixed annual operating costs (card E17).

Oil Price Penalties

The read-in (or defaulted) oil price (card E13) is penalized for API gravities less than 40
according to location. Figure 3-3 shows the multiplicative price reduction factors as a function of
gravity for California (ISTATE=4) and for all other states. The latter curve in Figure 3-3 is based
on mid-continent posted prices (NPC, 1984).

For projects in Alaska (ISTATE=50) oil is priced in accordance with the solid curve of Figure 3-3
less another $9.00/bbl for transportation fees. These fees are associated with amortized capital,
port of entry charges, and fixed tariffs and do not vary with oil price.

If ISTATE=53, then the API gravity penalty is disabled and the price reduction factor is 1.0
regardless of the value of API input. This feature was added to the model for projects outside the
U.S., where different oil pricing scenarios may apply.

Windfall Profit Tax

The Windfall Profit Tax (WPT) effected by statute in 1980 is an excise tax on U.S. crude oil
production. The WPT is applied as a percentage of the difference between the sales price of oil
(POM(I) adjusted for API gravity and location) and a base price (BPOW or BPO(I), card E8) that
escalates with time. The base price varies with crude oil production method and field history.

The WPT tax rate (XWPT, card E8) also varies with production method and type of producer
(major or independent). XWPT for heavy oil and/or incremental tertiary oil is 30% for majors, and
0% up to 1,000 bpd (30% over 1,000 bpd) for independents (see Table 3-7). Definitions of Tier 1
and Tier 2 oil in Table 3-7. are quite complex, and may be found in "The Crude Oil Windfall Profit
Tax," Price-Waterhouse, 1980.

56
In the CFPM, the WPT is calculated from

WPT(I) = VONET(I)*(1.-XSEV)*AWPP(I)*XWPT, 3.17

where

VONET(I) = net oil sold (less royalty), BBL

XSEV = severance tax rate
AWPP(I) = sales price - BPO(I), $/BBL.

In the CFPM there is no WPT for API gravities of 16.0 or less.

That oil which would be produced without implementation of an EOR process is subject to a WPT
tax rate of 70%. Part of the incremental tertiary oil must therefore be "released" from the higher
tax rate. In the CFPM, this released oil is calculated using the secondary oil decline curve data
input on cards E10-11.

TABLE 3-7
WINDFALL PROFIT TAX RATES

TAX RATE, %

Major Independent
<1000 bpd >1000 bpd
Tier 1
Lower Tier Oil 70 50 70
Upper Tier Oil 70 50 70
Market Level New Crude Oil 70 50 70
Marginal Well Oil 70 50 70

Tier 2
Stripper Well Oil 60 30 60
National Petroleum Reserve Oil 60 30 60

Tier 3
Newly Discovered Oil 30 0 30
Heavy Oil 30 0 30
Incremental Tertiary Oil 30 0 30

57
 A--Pacific Coast
B--Rocky Mountains
C--Mid-Continent
D--Permian Basin A B C F
E--Gulf Coast
F--Northeastern

D E

FIGURE 3-1 -- Regions for Drilling and Completion Costs

A--Pacific Coast
B--Rocky Mountains
C--Mid-Continent &
Northeastern
D--Permian Basin A
E--Western Gulf Coast B
F--Eastern Gulf Coast
C

D
E F

FIGURE 3-2 -- Regions for Equipment, Conversion, and Operating Costs and Secondary Facilities

1.0

0.8

0.6
California

All Other States

0.4

0.2

0
4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40

OIL GRAVITY, API

Figure 3-3 -- Oil Price Reduction Factor

58
 SECTION 4
CFPM EXAMPLE RUNS

4.1 CFPM INPUT/OUTPUT

A brief discussion of I/O for an example run (identical to the base case for the sensitivity runs
discussed in Section 4.2) is given here. The data used (Tables 4-1, 4-2 and 4-3) are similar to
data from the North Burbank micellar-polymer pilot flood conducted by Philips Petroleum Co.
(Boneau and Clampitt, 1977; Trantham et al, 1978). Here, the pattern size is 20 acres, and a
pattern schedule of 50 patterns/year for 17 years and four patterns in year 18 was specified in
accordance with the number of patterns calculated (854) from the total developed area (Table 4-
4).

A summary of the oil recovery calculations is also shown in Table 4-4. The overall recovery
efficiency, ER, is 18%. The times for oil breakthrough, peak oil rate, and pattern life shown in
Table 4-4 were used to plot the pattern production curve, Figure 4-1 (solid line). The detailed
pattern production rates and cumulatives are shown in Table 4-5.

The economic data input are shown in Table 4-6. Note that all tax and escalation rates have
been set to zero. Table 4-7 shows that the read-in oil price of $28.00/bbl has been reduced by
the model to $27.83/bbl by the factor 0.994 for 39 API oil (Figure 3-3 curve for "other states," in
this case Oklahoma). Other prices and costs have been lowered by the appropriate factors, as
shown in the discussion preceding card E13, Section 2.2. For example, the defaulted surfactant
slug price of $7.00/bbl is reduced to (7.00)*(1.0+0.6209*(-0.0666)) = $6.71/bbl. The annual
volumes for one pattern and for the total project of 854 patterns are also shown in Table 4-7.

The project capital schedule is shown in Table 4-8. The capital for a chemical handling plant of
3,384M$ is obtained from the formula (card E5, Section 2.2) CCHM=0.5*1000.0*24.2**O.6,
where 24.2 Mbbl/d is the maximum rate of surfactant slug injection over the project life obtained
from the chemical plant capacity of 8.84 MMbbl/yr (8.84*1000.0/365.0=24.2). Note that although
the required capacity of the water injection plant is five times larger than the chemical plant
capacity, no capital for a water injection plant was specified. This is because a water injection
plant would likely be in-place prior to the initiation of a tertiary chemical flood. Thus, the default
value for the water injection plant capital was left as zero.

From Table 4-6, WPP1=WPP2=0.8, WPP3=WPP4=0, CINJ=$124,867, CEQP=$66,212, and

CSEC=CNVT=CREP=0. Then from Eq. 3.8 the well tangible capital per pattern is

WCT = 0.28*(66212*0.8)

= $14,832

as shown in the second column from the left in Table 4-8. WCT is next adjusted by the ratio
FDC/FEQP, where (card E13)

FDC/FEQP=(1.0+(0.4*FACT))/(1.0+(0.3*FACT)).

Since the nominal oil price is $28.00/bbl, FACT=-0.0066, and FDC/FEQP=0.9932. Then
WCT=14832*0.9932=$14,731. For each year 50 patterns are initiated, the project well tangible
capital is

CTCM(1) = 14731*50/1000
= 737M$

59
as shown in the second column from the right for years 2-17 in Table 4-8. The chemical plant
capital, taken as tangible, is added in year one, so for this year

CTCM(1) = 3384+737
= 4,121M$.

For the intangible well capital, from Equation 3.7 CAP=$252,757 and from Equation 3.9, per
pattern

WCI = 252757-14832
= $237,925

which after multiplying by FDC/FEQP becomes $236,307. For each of the first 17 years, the
project intangible capital is

CICM(I) = 236307*50/1000
= 11,815M$

as shown in the far right hand column in Table 4-8.

The annual undiscounted cash flow roll-up is shown in Table 4-10. After discounting (Table 4-
11), the project summary is reported in Table 4-12. The cost of purchasing chemicals is about
five times the capital requirements, and chemical costs represent about 70% of the total project
expenses. The 23 year project returns only 21.8% with a $27.93 oil price and no taxes. The risk
calculation shows that there is a 90% chance that the project will lose 33MM$.

4.2 SENSITIVITY RUNS

Sensitivity runs were conducted for a number of variables used in the CFPM. The base case
was that discussed in Section 4.1 for $28.00/bbl oil. Plots which depict the recovery efficiency,
oil-surfactant ratio in BO recovered/bbl surfactant slug injected, and profit-to-investment ratio
(and/or discounted cash flow rate-of-return) which resulted from changes in each of the variables,
are given in Figures 4-6 through 4-11. Some minor non-uniformities in the plots are attributable
to economic cut-offs at the end of a year preceding a loss position, because no account is taken
of production up to the precise time within the loss year at which conditions become uneconomic.

Comparison of Original CFPM with NPC Modified CFPM for Base Case-Oil Price

The base case (NPC=0 on card R2) was rerun with NPC=1 and the results are shown in Figure
4-1. The model as modified by NPC, when compared to the base case, shows later oil
breakthrough, and both a dramatic drop in peak oil rate and increase in pattern life.

Both models were run with varying oil prices. Nominal oil prices from $8.00/bbl to $40.00/bbl
were studied. The nominal oil prices were reduced by the API gravity factor of 0.994 (Figure 3-
3), and surfactant and polymer prices were reduced by the appropriate factors. The actual oil
sales prices, surfactant, and polymer prices corresponding to the nominal oil prices input as the
POM(1) on card E13 were:

60
Nom. Oil Price, Oil Sales Price, Surf. Price, Poly. Price,
$/bbl $/bbl $/bbl $/lb

8.00 7.95 3.81 1.14

12.00 11.93 4.39 1.22
16.00 15.90 4.97 1.31
20.00 19.88 5.55 1.39
24.00 23.85 6.13 1.47
28.00 (base case) 27.83 6.71 1.56
32.00 31.80 7.29 1.64
36.00 35.78 7.87 1.73
40.00 39.75 8.45 1.81

The results of the runs (Figure 4-2) show that the original model loses money at oil prices below
$24.00/bbl. A loss position is represented by a discounted cash flow rate-of-return of 10% or less
(since the discount rate was 10%), or by a profit-to-investment ratio of zero or less. Acceptable
rates-of-return begin to occur at about $25.00/bbl oil, thus a price of $28.00/bbl was used in all
subsequent sensitivity runs in order to avoid mostly negative economics on the plots.

For the NPC model, Figure 4-2 shows negative profitability up to $40.00/bbl. Subsequent runs
(not shown) with oil prices up. to $72.00/bbl failed to show profitability for the NPC model. The
results shown on Figure 4-2 are optimistic for both models, because there are no taxes and the
surfactant slug prices are probably too low as shown in the above table.

Comparison of Original CFPM with NPC Modified CFPM for Field Floods

The results of two well documented micellar-polymer field floods, one a high-water-content
(HWC) slug, the second a soluble oil (SO) slug, were compared with both the original and NPC
models.

Exxon's Louden, 0.68 acre, pilot flood was the HWC case (Bragg et al, 1982). The data input are
shown in Table 4-13. The results of both models are compared to the observed results in Figure
4-3. As expected, the original model, which was developed for HWC slugs, approximates oil
breakthrough and pattern life better than the more conservative NPC model. Were the results in
Figure 4-3 plotted on an oil rate vs. time basis, rather than on an oil cut vs. time basis, the
disparity between the two models would be even greater. This is because the pattern rate
calculated by the original model is 60 bbl/d, compared to the observed rate of 56 bbl/d, whereas
the rate calculated by the NPC model is only 30 bbl/d.

Marathon's 219R project (Howell et al, 1979) was used as a basis for comparison for SO slug
processes. The data used are shown in Table 4-14, and the results plotted in Figure 4-4.
Clearly, the original model is optimistic for this 35 cp slug. Surprisingly, the NPC modified CFPM
yields early oil bank movement and underestimates peak rate. Overall, the NPC model tends to
represent SO slugs better than the original algorithm. However, for the more common HWC
slugs the original model is recommended.

Caustic Options

The base case (NPC = 0, ICAUST=0, solid lines Figures 4-1 and 4-5) was rerun with ICAUST
(card R2) = 1, 2 and 3. The results are shown in Figure 4-5. That the efficiencies of the caustic
(ICAUST=1) and caustic-polymer (ICAUST=2) processes are 15% and 40%, respectively, of the
surfactant-polymer base case (ICAUST=0) can be clearly seen from Figure 4-5. The ICAUST=3

61
case has a shorter pattern life because the slug size is 40% of the ICAUST=0 slug size (Table 1-
1). Note the similarity of the ICAUST=2 case (caustic-polymer) in Figure 4-5 and the NPC
modified surfactant-polymer case in Figure 4-1 (dashed line).

Surfactant Slug Size

The base case for these and all subsequent runs was for NPC =0, ICAUST=0 and $28.00/bbl oil.
The surfactant slug size was varied from 0.02 to 0.25 pv by adjusting the parameter VPSDS on
card R7. As shown in Figure 4-6, the recovery efficiency increased and the oil-surfactant ratio
decreased throughout the range of slug sizes studied. The profit-to-investment ratio, however,
shows a clear maximum at about 0.06 pv, showing that the model may be used to select the
economic optimum slug size. Beyond this optimum, the increased oil recovery does not
compensate for increased slug costs and profitability diminishes.

Polymer Slug Size

The pore volumes of polymer injected (VPMB, card R9) was varied from zero to 2.0 in these
runs. In contrast to the results for surfactant slugs, there was no economic optimum polymer slug
size found (Figure 4-7). The increased recovery efficiency with larger polymer slug sizes offsets
the increased slug cost, because of the low cost of polymer. A polymer slug of at least 0.4 pv is
required to achieve acceptable profitability.

Reservoir Heterogeneity

Reservoir heterogeneity was analyzed by varying the Dykstra-Parsons coefficient, VDP (card R6)
from zero (homogeneous) to 0.9. As expected (Figure 4-8), recovery efficiency, oil-surfactant
ratio and profitability are all strongly inversely proportional to VDP. High VDP's result in poor
vertical sweep efficiency and poor performance.

Permeability

Permeability was varied from 10 to 2,000 md. In the CFPM, rate is directly proportional to
permeability. Figure 4-9 shows that the recovery efficiency does not increase much at
permeabilities greater than 500-1,000 md. This is because the relationship between capillary
number, which is directly proportional to permeability, and displacement efficiency is logarithmic.

Figure 4-9 also shows that the P/I ratio decreases beyond 500 md, because the increased capital
requirements for injection plants at the higher rates are not offset by increased oil recovery, which
is minimal beyond 500 md. The further drop-off in P/I ratio beyond 1,000 md is mostly an artifact,
since patterns were not brought onstream fast enough to accommodate the very high rates of
slug injection. This resulted in a wasting of slug, and even though the recovery efficiency
remained high, the amount of oil actually produced decreased at permeabilities above 1,000 md.

Depth

Reservoir depth was varied from 500 to 10,000 feet. Recovery efficiency increased with depth
(Figure 4-10), but not as rapidly as with permeability, since rate is a function of depth but capillary
number is not.

The optimum depth varies according to the measure of profitability used. Figure 4-10 shows that
this optimum is 4,000 or 6,000 feet, when measured either against P/I ratio or rate-of-return,

62
respectively. In either case, at depths below the optimum, lower oil recovery does not offset
lower drilling costs; above the optimum, drilling costs increase more rapidly than oil recovery.
The location for the optimum depth will of course change with the pattern size and scheduling.

Pattern Area

Pattern area was varied from one to 80 acres, with the number patterns varied in order to yield
the same total developed area of approximately 17,000 acres. For example, for the one-acre
case, 1,000 patterns were initiated each year during years one through 17.

The recovery efficiency (Figure 4-11) decreases with pattern area, as capillary number is
inversely proportional to area. The P/I ratio shows a rather broad maximum between 10 and 20
acres, whereas the rate-of-return shows a sharp optimum at 10 acres. In either case, at pattern
areas below the optimum, the capital requirements for drilling at the rate of 1.6 wells/pattern are
excessive for such a large number of patterns. Conversely, at areas larger than optimum, drilling
costs decrease, but this is more than offset by decreased recovery efficiencies and longer times
until tertiary oil breakthrough, hence delayed cash flow.

TABLE 4-1

INPUT DECK ECHO

1 BASE CASE CFPM OIL PRICE $28.00

2 1 0 1 0
3 122.0 200.0 80000.0 100000.0 0.0
4 795.191 279.5 0. 0. 399.0
5 1.2 1.05 1.0 3.0 0.6 39.0 0.0
6 0.16 75.0 59.0 0.68 0.0 0.0 0.0
7 0 0 .05 1.3 0.
8 0.29 0.38 0.8 0.2 2.0 2.0
9 2900.0 20.0 0.0 0.3 0.65
10 BASE CASE CFPM OIL PRICE $28.00
11 40 35 0 2 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0
12 0.8 0.8 0 0
13 0 0 0 0 0 0
14 0 0 0
15 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 10.0 0
16 0.0 0 0 1985.0 0.0
17 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
18 0 0 0
19 17*50.0 4.0 22*0.0
20 22.4 28.0 33.6
21 0.0 0.0 0.0
22 0.0 0.0 0.0
23 0.0 0.0 0.0
24 0.0 0.0 0.0
25 0.0 0.0 0.0
26 0.0 0.0 0.0
27 END

63
 TABLE 4-2

SCIENTIFIC SOFTWARE-INTERCOMP
CHEMICAL FLOOD PREDICTIVE MODEL
(CFPM - RELEASE 3.2)
(AUGUST, 1986)

BASE CASE CFPM OIL PRICE $29.00

CASE CONTROLS
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS CONTROL 1 IECON
CAUSTIC OPTION (ON IF .QE. 1 ) 0 ICAUST
NPC OIL RECOVERY OPTION(ON IF .EG. 1) 0 NPC
LITHOLOGY (1=SS, 2=CARBONATE) 1 ILIT

FORMATION PROPERTIES
FORMATION DEPTH 2900. 0 FEET
FORMATION TEMPERATURE 122.0 DEG. F
MAX SCREEN TEMPERATURE 200.0 DEG. F
FORMATION SALINITY 80000.0 PPM TDS
MAX SCREEN SALINITY 100000.0 PPM TDS
ORIGINAL OIL IN PLACE 795.191 MMSTB
CUMULATIVE OIL PROD. AT FLOOD START 279.500 MMSTB
FORMATION POROSITY 0.1600 FRACTION
FORMATION PERMEABILITY 75.0 MD
FORMATION NET PAY 59.0 FEET
DYKSTRA-PARSONS COEFFICIENT 0.6800 VDP
WT FRACTION CLAY 0.100 FRACTION
FORMATION KV/KH RATIO 0.00000 KV/KH
CROSSFLOW MIXING FACTOR 0.025 RL

INITIAL CONDITIONS
FRACTION BOTTOM WATER 0.0000 FRACTION
FRACTION GAS CAP 0.0000 FRACTION
OIL GRAVITY 39.0 DEG API
SOLUTION GAS-OIL RATIO 399.0 SCF/STB
INITIAL OIL FORMATION VOL FACTOR 1.200 RB/STB
FLOOD OIL FORMATION VOL FACTOR 1.050 RB/STB
FLOOD WATER FORMATION VOL FACTOR 1.000 RS/STB
OIL VISCOSITY AT RESVR COND 3.000 CP
WTR VISCOSITY AT RESVR COND 0.600 CP
ROCK DENSITY 2.680 G/ML
SURF DENSITY 1.000 G/ML
SURF CONCENTRATION IN SLUG 0.0500 VOL FR
DIMENSIONLESS SURF SLUG SIZE 1.300 VPS/DS
LARGE VPS/DS CORE FLOOD RECOVERY 0.0000 EDIN

64
 TABLE 4-3

RELATIVE PERM CURVES

IRREDUCIBLE WATER SATURATION 0.290 SWC

RESIDUAL OIL SATN AFTER WATER 0.380 SORW
OIL RELATIVE PERM AT SWC 0.500 KORO
WATER RELATIVE PERM AT SORW 0.200 KORW
OIL RELATIVE PERM EXPONENT 2.00 XNO
WATER RELATIVE PERM EXPONENT 2.00 XNW

RELATIVE PERMEABILITY TABLE

WATER OIL WATER FRACTION DERIV

SATURATN KRO KRW WATER DFW/DSW

0.2000 1.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.000

0.2250 1.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.000
0.2500 1.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.000
0.2750 0.8744 0.0000 0.0000 0.000
0.3000 0.7522 0.0002 0.0012 0.251
0.3250 0.6393 0.0022 0.0173 1.086
0.3500 0.5355 0.0066 0.0561 2.231
0.3750 0.4410 0.0133 0.1308 3.603
0.4000 0.3556 0.0222 0.2381 4.947
0.4250 0.2793 0.0335 0.3747 5.874
0.4500 0.2123 0.0470 0.5255 6.050
0.4750 0.1545 0.0629 0.6705 5.436
0.5000 0.1058 0.0610 0.7929 4.301
0.5250 0.0663 0.1014 0.6884 3.023
0.5500 0.0360 0.1242 0.9452 1.879
0.5750 0.0149 0.1492 0.9804 0.957
0.6000 0.0029 0.1765 0.9967 0.352
0.6250 0.0000 0.2061 1.0000 0.000
0.6500 0.0000 0.2380 1.0000 0.000
0.6750 0.0000 0.2722 1.0000 0.000
0.7000 0.0000 0.3087 1.0000 0.000

65
 TABLE 4-4

RECOVERY EFFICIENCY SUMMARY

FIELD CAPILLARY NUMBER 5.82E-04
DISPLACEMENT EFFICIENCY 0.5212 ED
CROSSFLOW NUMBER 0.025 RL
SURFACTANT RETENTION. PV 0.0929 DS
DIMENSIONLESS SURF SLUG SIZE 1.3000 VPS/DS
SURF (OR CAUSTIC) SLUG SIZE. PV 0.1207 VPS
PORE VOLUME MOBILITY BUFFER (POLY) 0.650 VPMB
DYKSTRA-PARSONS COEFFICIENT 0.680 VDP
EFFECTIVE MOBILITY RATIO 7.146 EFF
FLOW CAPACITY OF LAYER M 0.781 FM
STORAGE CAPACITY OF LAYER M 0.333 CM
VERTICAL SWEEP EFFICIENCY 0.6176 EV
MOBILITY BUFFER (POLY) SWEEP EFFIC 0.5609 END
CROSSFLOW PERFORMANCE FACTOR 1.0000 FCF
TERTIARY OIL RECOVERY EFFICIENCY 0.1806 ER

INJECTION/PRODUCTION SUMMARY
PATTERN SURFACTANT SLUG VOLUME 176.8 MBBL
INITIAL POLYMER CONCENTRATION 908.6 PPM
PATTERN POLYMER REQUIREMENT 143.7 MLB
DIMENSIONLESS SURF VELOCITY 1.098 VELS
DIMENSIONLESS OIL BANK VELOCITY 2.745 VOB
OIL BREAKTHROUGH PORE VOLUME 0.051 TDOBT
PEAK RATE PORE VOLUME 0.127 TDS
SWEEP OUT PORE VOLUME 0.879 TDSW
OIL BREAKTHROUGH TIME 0.379 YEAR
PEAK RATE TIME 0.947 YEAR
TOTAL PATTERN LIFE 6.534 YEAR
FRACTIONAL FLOW OF OIL AT PEAK 0.166 FOPK
INJECTIVITY COEFFICIENT 0.300 PSI/FT
STEADY STATE PATTERN RATE 540.04 RB/D
OIL RATE AT PEAK 85.21 STB/D
WATER SATURATION IN BANK 0.4650 SWB
WATER FRACTIONAL FLOW IN BANK 0.6124 FWB
PATTERN SPACING 20.00 ACRE

TOTAL DEVELOPED AREA 17078.71 ACRE

NUMBER OF EFFECTIVE PATTERNS 853.94
PATTERN FLOODABLE PORE VOLUME 1.4647 MMRB
PATTERN TARGET OIL 0.5301 MMSTB
STARTING OIL SATURATION 0.3800 SORW
PROJECT FLOODABLE FORE VOLUME 1250. 769 MMRB
PROJECT TARGET OIL (TO) 452.659 MMSTB
TOTAL OIL RECOVERY (ER*TO) 81.741 MMSTB

66
 TABLE 4-5

PATTERN PRODUCTION REPORT

CUM
TIME OIL RATE GAS RATE WATR RATE CUM OIL CUM GAS WATER
YEARS B/D MSCF/D B/D MBBL MMSCF MBBL

1 0.25 0.0 0.0 540.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

2 0.50 18.2 7.2 521.0 0.0 0.0 49.3
3 0.75 55.6 22.2 481.6 1.7 0.7 96.8
4 1.00 84.4 33.7 451.4 6.7 2.7 140.8
5 1.25 80.6 32.2 455.4 14.4 5.8 182.0
6 1.50 76.8 30.6 459.4 21.8 8.7 223.5
7 1.75 73.0 29.1 463.4 28.8 11.5 265.4
8 2.00 69. 2 27.6 467.4 35.5 14.1 307.7
9 2.25 65.3 26.1 471.4 41.8 16.7 350.4
10 2.50 61.5 24.5 475.4 47.7 19.0 393.4
11 2.75 57.7 23.0 479.4 53.3 21.3 436.8
12 3.00 53.9 21.5 483.4 58.6 23.4 480.5
13 3.25 50.1 20.0 487.4 63.5 25.3 524.6
14 3.50 46.3 18.5 491.5 68.1 27.2 569.1
15 3.75 42.5 16.9 495.5 72.3 28.9 614.0
16 4.00 38.7 15.4 499.5 76.2 30.4 659.2
17 4.25 34.8 13.9 503.5 79.7 31.8 704.8
18 4.50 31.0 12.4 507.5 82.9 33.1 750.7
19 4.75 27.2 10.9 511.5 85.7 34.2 797.0
20 5.00 23.4 9.3 515.5 88.2 35.2 843.7
21 5.25 19.6 7.8 519.5 90.4 36.1 890.7
22 5.50 15.8 6.3 523.5 92.1 36.8 938.1
23 5.75 12.0 4.8 527.5 93.6 37.3 985.9
24 6.00 8.1 3.3 531.5 94.7 37.8 1034.0
25 6.25 4.3 1.7 535.5 95.4 38.1 1082.5
26 6.50 0.5 0.2 539.5 95.8 38.2 1131.4
27 6.53 0.0 0.0 540.0 95.9 38.2 1180.6

67
 TABLE 4-6

SCIENTIFIC SOFTWARE-INTERCOMP
CHEMICAL FLOOD PREDICTIVE MODEL
(CFPM - RELEASE 3.2)
(AUGUST. 1986)

BASE CASE CFPM OIL PRICE $28.00

ECONOMIC DATA
NUMBER OF PROJECT YEARS 40
STATE CODE OK
DISTRICT CODE 0
INTERMEDIATE PRINT CONTROL 2
FEDERAL INCOME TAX OPTION 0
DISCOUNTING METHOD 1
SECONDARY OIL DECLINE CURVE 0
PROJECT ECONOMIC LIFE METHOD 1
RESERVOIR DEPTH 2900.0 FEET
INJECTORS DRILLED PER PATTERN (WPP1) 0.80
PRODUCERS DRILLED PER PATTERN (WPP2) 0.80
CONVTD PRIMARY PROD PER PAT (WPP3). 0.00
CONVTD PROD TO INJ PER PAT (WPP4). . 0.00
NO. OF MONTHS WORKING CAPITAL 0.00
PROJECT STARTUP COSTS 0.0 M$
OIL RATE UNCERTAINTY 0.0010 FRACTION
COST TO DRILL INJECTOR 124867. $/WELL
COST TO EQUIP PRODUCER 66212. $/WELL
COST TO UPGRADE TO SECONDARY PRODUCER 0. $/WELL
COST TO CONVERT PROD TO INJ 0. $/WELL
COST TO UPGRADE TO SECONDARY OPERATIO 0. $/WELL
PERCENT OF CAPITAL BORROWED 0 PERCENT

TAXES AND ESCALATION

DISCOUNT RATE 0.100 FRACTION
INFLATION RATE 0.000 FRACTION
ROYALTY RATE 0.000 FRACTION
SEVERANCE TAX RATE 0.000 FRACTION
FEDERAL INCOME TAX RATE 0.000 FRACTION
INVESTMENT TAX CREDIT 0.000 FRACTION
DEPRECIATION TIME (STRAIGHT LINE) 10.00 YEARS
STATE INCOME TAX RATE 0.000 FRACTION
WINDFALL EXCISE TAX RATE 0.000 FRACTION
WINDFALL PHASE OUT START DATE 1991.
WINDFALL PHASE OUT END DATE 1993.
PROJECT START DATE 1985.
BASE OIL PRICE FOR WINDFALL TAX 23.07 $/BBL
OIL PRICE ESCALATION RATE 0.000 FRACTION
GAS PRICE ESCALATION RATE 0.000 FRACTION
CHEMICAL PRICE ESCALATION RATE 0.000 FRACTION
OPERATING COST ESCALATION RATE 0.000 FRACTION
CHEM HANDLING ESCALATION RATE 0.000 FRACTION

68
 TABLE 4-7

PRICES AND COSTS LOW MOST-LIKELY HIGH

OIL PRICE $/BBL 22.26 27.63 33.39
GAS PRICE $/MSCF 3.73 4.67 5.60
SURFACTANT SLUG PRICE $/BBL 5.37 6.71 8.05
POLYMER PRICE $/LB 1.25 1.56 1.87
FIXED OPERATING COST PER PATTERN $/YR 17901. 22377. 26852.
VARIABLE OPERATING COST $/BBL 0.395 0.493 0.592
CHEMICAL HANDLING COST $/BBL 0.079 0.099 0.118
WELL WORKOVER COST PER PATTERN $/YR 5704.
PROD WATER TREATING/DISPOSAL COST $/BBL 0.030

ANNUAL PATTERN AND PROJECT VOLUMES PRODUCED,

AND BBLS SURFACTANT SLUG INJECTED - MOST LIKELY

PATTERN LIFE IS 6 YEARS

-------------PATTERN------------- ---------------------------------PROJECT-----------------------------------
SEC REL.
OIL GAS, WATER, SURF, PATS. PATS. OIL, GAS, WATER, SURF, OIL, OIL
YR MB MMCF MB MB INITIATD TOTAL MB MMCF MB MB MB MB

1 6.7 2.7 140.8 176 8 50.0 50.0 336.7 134.3 7038.3 8841.0 0.0 0.0
2 28.7 11.5 167.0 0.0 50.0 100.0 1772.7 707.3 15386.3 8841.0 0.0 0.0
3 23.2 9.2 172.8 0.0 50.0 150.0 2930.4 1169.2 24026.5 8841.0 0.0 0.0
4 17.6 7.0 178.6 0.0 50.0 200.0 3809.8 1520.1 32959.0 8841.0 0.0 0.0
5 12.0 4.8 184.5 0.0 50.0 250.0 4410.8 1759.9 42183.7 8841.0 0.0 0.0
6 6.5 2.6 190.3 0.0 50.0 300.0 4733.5 1888.7 51700.7 8841.0 0.0 0.0
7 1.2 0.5 146.6 0.0 50.0 300.0 4733.5 1888.7 51700.7 8841.0 0.0 0.0
8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50.0 300.0 4733.5 1888.7 51700.7 8841.0 0.0 0.0
9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50.0 300.0 4733.5 1888.7 51700.7 8841.0 0.0 0.0
10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50.0 300.0 4733.5 1888.7 51700.7 8841.0 0.0 0.0
11 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50.0 300.0 4733.5 1888.7 51700.7 8841.0 0.0 0.0
12 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50.0 300.0 4733.5 1888.7 51700.7 8841.0 0.0 0.0
13 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50.0 300.0 4733.5 1888.7 51700.7 8841.0 0.0 0.0
14 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50.0 300.0 4733.5 1888.7 51700.7 8841.0 0.0 0.0
15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50.0 300.0 4733.5 1888.7 51700.7 8841.0 0.0 0.0
16 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50.0 300.0 4733.5 1888.7 51700.7 8841.0 0.0 0.0
17 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50.0 300.0 4733.5 1888.7 51700.7 8841.0 0.0 0.0
18 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.0 254.0 4423.7 1765.1 45225.4 707.3 0.0 0.0
19 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 204.0 3075.6 1227.2 36982.2 0.0 0.0 0.0
20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 154.0 1895.7 756.4 28365.4 0.0 0.0 0.0
21 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 104.0 994.1 396.6 19456.3 0.0 0.0 0.0
22 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 54.0 370.8 147.9 10254.9 0.0 0.0 0.0
23 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.0 25.8 10.3 761.4 0.0 0.0 0.0
24 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
26 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
27 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
28 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
29 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
31 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
32 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
33 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
34 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
36 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
37 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

69
 TABLE 4-8

MAJOR PROJECT COSTS

CAPITAL FOR CHEMICAL HANDLING 3384.5 M$
CAPACITY OF CHEMICAL PLANT 8.8 MMB/YR
CAPITAL FOR WATER INJ PLANT 0.0 M$
CAPACITY OF WATER INJ PLANT 44.7 MMB/YR

PROJECT CAPITAL AND CHEMICAL (SURF+POLYMER) SCHEDULE - MOST LIKELY

-------PATTERN $ ------ PATTERNS SURF PURCHASD CHEMICAL ------ PROJECT M$ -----

YEAR TANGIBLE INTANGBL INITIATD SLUG, MB POLY, MLB COST. M$ TANGIBLE INTANGBL

1 14832. 237925. 50.0 8841.0 115.5 62072. 4121. 11815.

2 0. 0. 50.0 8841.0 2844.5 66438. 737. 11815.
3 0. 0. 50.0 8841.0 4911.9 69746. 737. 11815.
4 0. 0. 50.0 8841.0 6317.7 71996. 737. 11815.
5 0. 0. 50.0 8841.0 7061.9 73186. 737. 11815.
6 0. 0. 50.0 8841.0 7186.0 73385. 737. 11815.
7 0. 0. 50.0 8841.0 7186.0 73385. 737. 11815.
8 0. 0. 50.0 8841.0 7186.0 73385. 737. 11815.
9 0. 0. 50.0 8841.0 7186.0 73385. 737. 11815.
10 0. 0. 50.0 8841.0 7186.0 73385. 737. 11815.
11 0. 0. 50.0 8841.0 7186.0 73385. 737. 11815.
12 0. 0. 50.0 8841.0 7186.0 73385. 737. 11815.
13 0. 0. 50.0 8841.0 7186.0 73385. 737. 11815.
14 0. 0. 50.0 8841.0 7186.0 73385. 737. 11815.
15 0. 0. 50.0 8841.0 7186.0 73385. 737. 11815.
16 0. 0. 50.0 8841.0 7186.0 73385. 737. 11815.
17 0. 0. 50.0 8841.0 7186.0 73385. 737. 11815.
18 0. 0. 4.0 707.3 7079.7 16279. 59. 945.
19 0. 0. 0.0 0.0 4559.8 7296. 0. 0.
20 0. 0. 0.0 0.0 2439.5 3903. 0. 0.
21 0. 0. 0.0 0.0 980.8 1569. 0. 0.
22 0. 0. 0.0 0.0 183.6 294. 0. 0.
23 0. 0. 0.0 0.0 9.9 16. 0. 0.
24 0. 0. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0. 0. 0.
25 0. 0. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0. 0. 0.
26 0. 0. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0. 0. 0.
27 0. 0. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0. 0. 0.
28 0. 0. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0. 0. 0.
29 0. 0. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0. 0. 0.
30 0. 0. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0. 0. 0.
31 0. 0. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0. 0. 0.
32 0. 0. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0. 0. 0.
33 0. 0. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0. 0. 0.
34 0. 0. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0. 0. 0.
35 0. 0. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0. 0. 0.
36 0. 0. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0. 0. 0.
37 0. 0. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0. 0. 0.
38 0. 0. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0. 0. 0.
39 0. 0. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0. 0. 0.
40 0. 0. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0. 0. 0.

70
 TABLE 4-9
PROJECT MEAN VALUES - ESCALATED

WELL WATER
OIL GAS POLYMER TANGIBLE INTANGBL FIXED VARIABLE CHEM WORK- TREAT-
PRICE PRICE PRICE CAPITAL CAPITAL OPN COST OPN COST HANDLING OVER ING
YR $/BBL $/MCF $/LB M$/YR M$/YR M$/YR $/BBL $/LB M$/YR $/BBL

1 27.83 4.67 1.56 4039. 11579. 1119. 0.493 0.099 285. 0.030
2 27.83 4.67 1.56 722. 11579. 2238. 0.493 0.099 570. 0.030
3 27.83 4.6? 1.56 722. 11579. 3356. 0.493 0.099 856. 0.030
4 27.83 4.67 1.56 722. 11579. 4475. 0.493 0.099 1141. 0.030
5 27.83 4.67 1.56 722. 11579. 5594. 0.493 0.099 1426. 0.030
6 27.83 4.67 1.56 722. 11579. 6713. 0.493 0.099 1711. 0.030
7 27.83 4.67 1.56 722. 11579. 6713. 0.493 0.099 1711. 0.030
8 27.83 4.67 1.56 722. 11579. 6713. 0.493 0.099 1711. 0.030
9 27.83 4.67 1.56 722. 11579. 6713. 0.493 0.099 1711. 0.030
10 27.83 4.67 1.56 722. 11579. 6713. 0.493 0.099 1711. 0.030
11 27.83 4.67 1.56 722. 11579. 6713. 0.493 0.099 1711. 0.030
12 27.83 4.67 1.56 722. 11579. 6713. 0.493 0.099 1711. 0.030
13 27.83 4.67 1.56 722. 11579. 6713. 0.493 0.099 1711. 0.030
14 27.83 4.67 1.56 722. 11579. 6713. 0.493 0.099 1711. 0.030
15 27.83 4.67 1.56 722. 11579. 6713. 0.493 0.099 1711. 0.030
16 27.83 4.67 1.56 722. 11579. 6713. 0.493 0.099 1711. 0.030
17 27.83 4.67 1.56 722. 11579. 6713. 0.493 0.099 1711. 0.030
18 27.83 4.67 1.56 58. 926. 5684. 0.493 0.099 1449. 0.030
19 27.83 4.67 1.56 0. 0. 4565. 0.493 0.099 1164. 0.030
20 27.83 4.67 1.56 0. 0. 3446. 0.493 0.099 878. 0.030
21 27.83 4.67 1.56 0. 0. 2327. 0.493 0.099 593. 0.030
22 27.83 4.67 1.56 0. 0. 1208. 0.493 0.099 308. 0.030
23 27.83 4.67 1.56 0. 0. 90. 0.493 0.099 23. 0.030
24 27.83 4.67 1.56 0. 0. 0. 0.493 0.099 0. 0.030
25 27.83 4.67 1.56 0. 0. 0. 0.493 0.099 0. 0.030
26 27.83 4.67 1.56 0. 0. 0. 0.493 0.099 0. 0.030
27 27.83 4.67 1.56 0. 0. 0. 0.493 0.099 0. 0.030
28 27.83 4.67 1.56 0. 0. 0. 0.493 0.099 0. 0.030
29 27.83 4.67 1.56 0. 0. 0. 0.493 0.099 0. 0.030
30 27.83 4.67 1.56 0. 0. 0. 0.493 0.099 0. 0.030
31 27.83 4.67 1.56 0. 0. 0. 0.493 0.099 0. 0.030
32 27.83 4.67 1.56 0. 0. 0. 0.493 0.099 0. 0.030
33 27.83 4.67 1.56 0. 0. 0. 0.493 0.099 0. 0.030
34 27.83 4.67 1.56 0. 0. 0. 0.493 0.099 0. 0.030
35 27.83 4.67 1.56 0. 0. 0. 0.493 0.099 0. 0.030
36 27.83 4.67 1.56 0. 0. 0. 0.493 0.099 0. 0.030
37 27.83 4.67 1.56 0. 0. 0. 0.493 0.099 0. 0.030
38 27.83 4.67 1.56 0. 0. 0. 0.493 0.099 0. 0.030
39 27.83 4.67 1.56 0. 0. 0. 0.493 0.099 0. 0.030
40 27.83 4.67 1.56 0. 0. 0. 0.493 0.099 0. 0,030

DCFROR ITERATION
OLD DCFAT NEW
ITR RATE $MM RATE DCFATP

1 1.1000 135.79 1.1570-2382. 0391

2 1.1570 47.66 1.1954-1242. 9929
3 1.1954 14.24 1.2124 -837. 2283
4 1.2124 3.34 1.2171 -709. 2985
5 1.2171 0.65 1.2180 -678. 0808
6 1.2180 0.12 1.2182 -671. 9153
7 1.2182 0.02 1.2182 -670. 7877

71
 TABLE 4-10
ECONOMIC ANALYSlS OF A CHEM FLOODING PROJECT

UNDISCOUNTED MEAN VALUES

1 2 3 4 5
YEAR ENDING 1985. 1986. 1987. 1988. 1989.

ANN. OIL PROD. MBBL 336.71 1772.73 2930.42 3809.78 4410.80

ANN. GAS PROD. MMSCF 134.35 707.32 1169.24 1520.10 1759. 91
ANN. WATER PROD. MBBL 7038. 15386. 24026. 32959. 42184.
ANN. SURFACTANT SLUG. MBBL 8841. 8841. 8841. 8841. 8841.
ANNUAL POLYMER INJ. MLB 116. 2844. 4912. 6318. 7062.
OIL PROD. RATE. BBL/D 923. 4857. 8029. 10438. 12084.
GAS PROD. RATE, MSCF/D 368. 1938. 3203. 4165. 4822.
WATER PROD. RATE, BBL/D 19283. 42154. 65826. 90299. 115572.

NET OIL SOLD (LESS ROYALTY), MMBL 336.71 1772.73 2930.42 3809.78 4410.80
NET GAS SOLD (LESS ROYALTY), MMSCF 134.35 707.32 1169.24 1520.10 1759.91
MEAN PRICE OF OIL, $/BBL 27.83 27.83 27.83 27.83 27.83
MEAN PRICE OF GAS. $/MSCF 4.67 4.67 4.67 4.67 4.67
ANN. GROSS OIL SALES, MM$ 9.37 49.33 81.55 106.02 122.74
ANN. GROSS GAS SALES. MM$ 0.63 3.30 5.46 7.09 8.21
ANN. TOTAL GROSS SALES. MM$ 10.00 52.63 87.00 113.11 130.95
ANN. ROYALTY, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. NET SALES, MM$ 10.00 52.63 87.00 113.11 130.95

ANN. SEVERANCE TAX. MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

ANN. FIXED OPER. COST, MM$ 1.12 2.24 3.36 4.48 5.59
ANN. VARIABLE OPER. COST, MM$ 0.17 0.87 1.45 1.88 2.18
ANN. CHEM. PURCH. COST. MM$ 59.51 63.76 66.98 69.17 70.33
ANN. CHEM. HANDLING COST. MM$ 0.90 1.86 2.81 3.77 4.73
ANN. WELL WORKOVER COST. MM$ 0.29 0.57 0.86 1.14 1.43
ANN. PROD WATER TREAT. COST. MM$ 0.21 0.46 0.72 0.99 1.27
ANN. OVERHEAD, MM$ 1.22 1.81 2.45 3.07 3.65
ANN. TOTAL OPERATING COST, MM$ 63.40 71.57 78.63 84.50 89.18
ANN. NET OPERATING INCOME, MM$ -53.40 -18.94 8.38 28.61 41.77
CUM NET OPERATING INCOME. MM$ -53.40 -72.34 -63.97 -35.36 6.42
ANN. WORKING CAPITAL, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. TANGIBLE CAPITAL. MM$ 4.04 0.72 0.72 0.72 0.72
ANN. INTANGIBLE CAPITAL. MM$ 11.58 11.58 11.58 11.58 11.58
CUM CASH FLOW BEF. TAXES. MM$ -69.02 -100.26 -104.19 -87.88 -58.40

BASE PRICE OF OIL FOR WPT, $/BBL 23.07 23.53 24.00 24.48 24.97
ANN. WINDFALL PRICE DIFF, $/BBL 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. NET INC. LIMIT PRICE. $/BBL 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
RELEASED OIL REVENUES, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. WINDFALL EXCISE TAX. MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. STATE INCOME TAX, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. INTANGIBLES AND DEPR. MM$ 11.98 12.06 12.13 12.20 12.27
ANN. INVEST. TAX CREDIT. MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. NET TAXABLE INCOME. MM$ -65.39 -31.00 -3.75 16.41 29.50
ANN. FEDERAL INCOME TAX. MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. AFTER TAX CASH FLOW. MM$ -69.02 -31.24 -3.93 16.31 29.47
CUM CASH FLOW AFTER TAXES. MM$ -69.02 -100.26 -104.19 -87.88 -56.40

72
 TABLE 4-10 (Cont.)
ECONOMIC ANALYSlS OF A CHEM FLOODING PROJECT

UNDISCOUNTED MEAN VALUES

6 7 8 9 10
YEAR ENDING 1990. 1991. 1992. 1993 1994.

ANN. OIL PROD. MBBL 4733.49 4733.49 4733.49 4733.49 4733.49

ANN. GAS PROD. MMSCF 1888.66 1888.66 1888.66 1888. 66 1888.66
ANN. WATER PROD. MBBL 51701. 51701. 51701. 5170t. 51701.
ANN. SURFACTANT SLUG. MBBL 8841. 8841. 8841. 8841. 8841.
ANNUAL POLYMER INJ. MLB 7186. 7186. 7186. 7186. 7186.
OIL PROD. RATE. BBL/D 12968. 12968. 12968. 12968. 12968.
GAS PROD. RATE, MSCF/D 5174. 5174. 5174. 5174. 5174.
WATER PROD. RATE, BBL/D 141646. 141646. 141646. 141646. 141646.

NET OIL SOLD (LESS ROYALTY), MMBL 4733.49 4733.49 4733.49 4733.49 4733.49
NET GAS SOLD (LESS ROYALTY), MMSCF 1888.66 1888.66 1888.66 1888.66 1888.66
MEAN PRICE OF OIL, $/BBL 27.83 27.83 27.83 27.83 27.83
MEAN PRICE OF GAS. $/MSCF 4.67 4.67 4.67 4.67 4.67
ANN. GROSS OIL SALES, MM$ 131.72 131.72 131.72 131.72 131.72
ANN. GROSS GAS SALES. MM$ 8.81 8.81 8.81 8.81 8.81
ANN. TOTAL GROSS SALES. MM$ 140.53 140.53 140.53 140.53 140.53
ANN. ROYALTY, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. NET SALES, MM$ 140.53 140.53 140.53 140.53 140.53

ANN. SEVERANCE TAX. MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

ANN. FIXED OPER. COST, MM$ 6.71 6.71 6 71 6.71 6.71
ANN. VARIABLE OPER. COST, MM$ 2.34 2.34 2.34 2.34 2.34
ANN. CHEM. PURCH. COST. MM$ 70.52 70.52 70.52 70.52 70.52
ANN. CHEM. HANDLING COST. MM$ 5.21 5.21 5.21 5.21 5.21
ANN. WELL WORKOVER COST. MM$ 1.71 1.71 1.71 1.71 1.71
ANN. PROD WATER TREAT. COST. MM$ 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.55
ANN. OVERHEAD, MM$ 4.12 4.12 4.12 4.12 4.12
ANN. TOTAL OPERATING COST, MM$ 92.17 92.17 92.17 92.17 92.17
ANN. NET OPERATING INCOME, MM$ 48.37 48.37 48.37 48.37 48.37
CUM NET OPERATING INCOME. MM$ 54.78 103.15 151.52 199.88 248.25
ANN. WORKING CAPITAL, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. TANGIBLE CAPITAL. MM$ 0.72 0.72 0.72 0.72 0.72
ANN. INTANGIBLE CAPITAL. MM$ 11.58 11.58 11.58 11.58 11.58
CUM CASH FLOW BEF. TAXES. MM$ -22.34 13.73 49.79 85.86 121.93

BASE PRICE OF OIL FOR WPT, $/BBL 25.47 25.98 26.50 27.03 27.57
ANN. WINDFALL PRICE DIFF, $/BBL 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. NET INC. LIMIT PRICE. $/BBL 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 00
RELEASED OIL REVENUES, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. WINDFALL EXCISE TAX. MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. STATE INCOME TAX, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 00
ANN. INTANGIBLES AND DEPR. MM$ 12.34 12.42 12.49 12.56 12.63
ANN. INVEST. TAX CREDIT. MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. NET TAXABLE INCOME. MM$ 36.02 35.95 35.88 35.81 35.73
ANN. FEDERAL INCOME TAX. MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. AFTER TAX CASH FLOW. MM$ 36.07 36.07 36.07 36.07 36.07
CUM CASH FLOW AFTER TAXES. MM$ -22.34 13.73 49.79 85.86 121.93

73
 TABLE 4-10 (Cont.)
ECONOMIC ANALYSlS OF A CHEM FLOODING PROJECT

UNDISCOUNTED MEAN VALUES

11 12 13 14 15
YEAR ENDING 1995. 1996. 1997. 1998. 1999.

ANN. OIL PRODUCTION. MBBL 4733.49 4733.49 4733.49 4733.49 4733.49

ANN. GAS PRODUCTION, MMSCF 1888. 66 1888. 66 1888.66 1888.66 1888.66
ANN. WATER PRODUCTION, MBBL 51701. 51701. 51701. 51701. 51701.
ANN. SURFACTANT SLUG. MBBL 8841. 8841. 8841. 8841. 8841.
ANN. POLYMER INJECTED, MLB 7186. 7186. 7186. 7186. 7186.
OIL PROD. RATE. BBL/D 12968. 12968. 12968. 12968. 12968.
GAS PROD. RATE. MSCF/D 5174. 5174. 5174. 5174. 5174.
WATER PROD. RATE. BBL/D 141646. 141646. 141646. 141646. 141646.

NET OIL SOLD (LESS ROYALTY). MBBL 4733.49 4733.49 4733.49 4733.49 4733.49
NET GAS SOLD (LESS ROYALTY). MMSCF 1888.66 1888.66 1888.66 1888.66 1888.66
MEAN PRICE OF OIL, $/BBL 27.83 27.83 27.83 27.83 27.83
MEAN PRICE OF GAS, $/MSCF 4.67 4.67 4.67 4.67 4.67
ANN. GROSS OIL SALES, MM$ 131.72 131.72 131.72 131.72 131.72
ANN. GROSS GAS SALES, MM$ 8.81 8.81 8.81 8.81 8.81
ANN. TOTAL GROSS SALES, MM$ 140.53 140.53 140.53 140.53 140.53
ANN. ROYALTY. MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. NET SALES, MM$ 140.53 140.53 140.53 140.53 140.53
ANN. SEVERANCE TAX, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. FIXED OPER. COST, MM$ 6.71 6.71 6.71 6.71 6.71
ANN. VARIABLE OPER. COST, MM$ 2.34 2.34 2.34 2.34 2.34
ANN. CHEM. PURCH. COST, MM$ 70.52 70.52 70.52 70.52 70.52
ANN. CHEM. HANDLING COST. MM$ 5.21 5.21 5.21 5.21 5.21
ANN. WELL WORKOVER COST, MM$ 1.71 1.71 1.71 1.71 1.71
ANN. PROD WATER TREAT. COST, MM$ 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.55
ANN. OVERHEAD, MM$ 4.12 4.12 4.12 4.12 4.12
ANN. TOTAL OPER. COST. MM$ 92.17 92.17 92.17 92.17 92.17
ANN. NET OPER. INCOME. MM$ 48.37 48*.37 48*.37 48.37 48.37
CUM NET OPERATING INCOME. MM$ 296.62 344.98 393.35 441.72 490.08
ANN. WORKING CAPITAL, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. TANGIBLE CAPITAL. MM$ 0.72 0.72 0.72 0.72 0.72
ANN. INTANGIBLE CAPITAL, MM$ 11.58 11.58 11.58 11.58 11.58
CUM CASH FLOW BEF. TAXES, MM$ 157.99 194.06 230.12 266.19 302.25

BASE PRICE OF OIL FOR WPT, $/BBL 28.12 28.68 29.26 29.84 30.44
ANN. WINDFALL PRICE DIFF, $/BBL 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. NET INC. LIMIT PRICE, $/BBL 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
RELEASED OIL REVENUES, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. WINDFALL EXCISE TAX, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. STATE INCOME TAX, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. INTANGIBLES & DEPR, MM$ 12.30 12.30 12.30 12.30 12.30
ANN. INVEST. TAX CREDIT. MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. NET TAXABLE INCOME, MM$ 36.07 36.07 36.07 36.07 36.07
ANN. FED. INCOME TAX, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. AFTER TAX CASH FLOW, MM$ 36.07 36.07 36.07 36.07 36.07
CUM CASH FLOW AFTER TAXES, MM$ 157.99 194.06 230.12 266.19 302.25

74
 TABLE 4-10 (Cont.)
ECONOMIC ANALYSlS OF A CHEM FLOODING PROJECT

UNDISCOUNTED MEAN VALUES

16 17 18 19 20
YEAR ENDING 2000. 2001. 2002. 2003 2004.

ANN. OIL PRODUCTION. MBBL 4733.49 4733.49 4423.71 3075.64 1895.68

ANN. GAS PRODUCTION, MMSCF 1888.66 1888.66 1765.06 1227.18 756.38
ANN. WATER PRODUCTION, MBBL 51701. 51701. 45225. 36982. 28365.
ANN. SURFACTANT SLUG. MBBL 8841. 8841. 707. 0. 0.
ANN. POLYMER INJECTED, MLB 7186. 7186. 7080. 4560. 2440.
OIL PROD. RATE. BBL/D 12968. 12968. 12120. 8426. 5194.
GAS PROD. RATE. MSCF/D 5174. 5174. 4836. 3362. 2072.
WATER PROD. RATE. BBL/D 141646. 141646. 123905. 101321. 77713.

NET OIL SOLD (LESS ROYALTY). MBBL 4733.49 4733.49 4423.71 3075.64 1895.68
NET GAS SOLD (LESS ROYALTY). MMSCF 1888.66 1888.66 1795.06 1227.18 756.38
MEAN PRICE OF OIL, $/BBL 27.83 27.83 27.83 27.83 27.83
MEAN PRICE OF GAS, $/MSCF 4.67 4.67 4.67 4.67 4.67
ANN. GROSS OIL SALES, MM$ 131.72 131.72 123.10 85.59 52.75
ANN. GROSS GAS SALES, MM$ 8.81 8.81 8.24 5.73 3.53
ANN. TOTAL GROSS SALES, MM$ 140.53 140.53 131.34 91.31 56.28
ANN. ROYALTY. MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. NET SALES, MM$ 140.53 140.53 131.34 91.31 56.28

ANN. SEVERANCE TAX, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

ANN. FIXED OPER. COST, MM$ 6.71 6.71 5.68 4.56 3.45
ANN. VARIABLE OPER. COST, MM$ 2.34 2.34 2.18 1.52 0.94
ANN. CHEM. PURCH. COST, MM$ 70.52 70.52 15.78 7.11 3.80
ANN. CHEM. HANDLING COST. MM$ 5.21 5.21 4.39 3.43 2.48
ANN. WELL WORKOVER COST, MM$ 1.71 1.71 1.45 1.16 0.88
ANN. PROD WATER TREAT. COST, MM$ 1.55 1.55 1.36 1.11 0.85
ANN. OVERHEAD, MM$ 4.12 4.12 3.06 2.36 1.72
ANN. TOTAL OPER. COST. MM$ 92.17 92.17 33.90 21.25 42.18
ANN. NET OPER. INCOME. MM$ 48.37 48.37 97.44 70.06 42.18
CUM NET OPERATING INCOME. MM$ 538.45 586.82 684.25 754.31 796.49
ANN. WORKING CAPITAL, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. TANGIBLE CAPITAL. MM$ 0.72 0.72 0.06 0.00 0.00
ANN. INTANGIBLE CAPITAL, MM$ 11.58 11.58 0.93 0.00 11.58
CUM CASH FLOW BEF. TAXES, MM$ 338.32 374.39 47.84 540.90 583.07

BASE PRICE OF OIL FOR WPT, $/BBL 31.05 31.67 32.30 32.95 33.61
ANN. WINDFALL PRICE DIFF, $/BBL 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. NET INC. LIMIT PRICE, $/BBL 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
RELEASED OIL REVENUES, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. WINDFALL EXCISE TAX, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. STATE INCOME TAX, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. INTANGIBLES & DEPR, MM$ 12.30 12.30 1.58 0.58 0.51
ANN. INVEST. TAX CREDIT. MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. NET TAXABLE INCOME, MM$ 36.07 36.07 95.85 69.48 41.67
ANN. FED. INCOME TAX, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. AFTER TAX CASH FLOW, MM$ 36.07 36.07 96.45 70.06 42.18
CUM CASH FLOW AFTER TAXES, MM$ 338.32 374.39 470.84 540.90 583.07

75
 TABLE 4-10 (Cont.)
ECONOMIC ANALYSlS OF A CHEM FLOODING PROJECT

UNDISCOUNTED MEAN VALUES

21 22 23 24 25
YEAR ENDING 2005. 2006. 2007. 2008. 2009.

ANN. OIL PRODUCTION, MBBL 994.06 370.77 25.82 0.00 0.00

ANN. GAS PRODUCTION, MMSCF 396.63 147.94 10.30 0.00 0.00
ANN. WATER PROD., MBBL 19456. 10255. 761. 0. 0.
ANN. SURFACTANT SLUG. MBBL 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
ANN. POLYMER INJ., MLB 981. 184. 10. 0. 0.
OIL PROD. RATE, BBL/D 2723. 1016. 71. 0. 0.
GAS PROD. RATE, MSCF/D 1087. 405. 28. 0. 0.
WATER PROD. RATE. BBL/D 53305. 28096. 2086. 0. 0.

NET OIL SOLD (LESS ROYALTY), MBBL 994.06 370.77 25.82 0.00 0.00
NET GAS SOLD (LESS ROYALTY), MMSCF 396.63 147.94 10.30 0.00 0.00
MEAN PRICE OF OIL, $/BBL 27.83 27.83 27.83 27.83 27.83
MEAN PRICE OF GAS, $/MSCF 4.67 4.67 4.67 4.67 4.67
ANN. GROSS OIL,. MM$ 27.66 10.32 0.72 0.00 0.00
ANN. GROSS GAS SALES, MM$ 1.85 0.69 0.05 0.00 0.00
ANN. TOTAL GROSS SALES, MM$ 29.51 11.01 0.77 0.00 0.00
ANN. ROYALTY, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. NET SALES, MM$ 29.51 11.01 0.77 0.00 0.00

ANN. SEVERANCE TAX, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

ANN. FIXED OPERATING COST, MM$ 2.33 1.21 0.09 0.00 0.00
ANN. VARIABLE OPER. COST, MM$ 0.49 0.18 0.01 0.00 0.00
ANN. CHEM. PURCH. COST, MM$ 1.53 0.29 0.02 0.00 0.00
ANN. CHEM. HANDLING COST, MM$ 1.52 0.56 0.04 0.00 0.00
ANN. WELL WORKOVER COST. MM$ 0.59 0.31 0.02 0.00 0.00
ANN. PROD WATER TREAT. COST. MM$ 0.58 0.31 0.02 0.00 0.00
ANN. OVERHEAD, MM$ 1.10 0.51 0.04 0.00 0.00
ANN. TOTAL OP. COST. MM$ 8.14 3.36 0.24 0.00 0.00
ANN. NET OPER. INCOME. MM$ 21.37 7.65 0.53 0.00 0.00
CUM NET OPER. INCOME. MM$ 817.86 825.51 826.03 826.03 826.03
ANN. WORKING CAPITAL, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. TANGIBLE CAPITAL. MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. INTANGIBLE CAPITAL. MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
CUM CASH FLOW BEF. TAXES. MM$ 604.45 612.09 612.62 612.62 612.62

BASE PRICE OF OIL FOR WPT, $/BBL 34.28 34.97 35.67 36.38 37.11
ANN. WINDFALL PRICE DIFF, $/BBL 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. NET INC. LIMIT PRICE, $/BBL 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
RELEASED OIL REVENUES, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. WINDFALL EXCISE TAX, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. STATE INCOME TAX, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. INTANGIBLES AND DEPR, MM$ 0.44 0.37 0.29 0.22 0.15
ANN. INVESTMENT TAX CREDIT, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. NET TAXABLE INCOME, MM$ 20.93 7.28 0.23 -0.22 -0.15
ANN. FEDERAL INCOME TAX, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. AFTER TAX CASH FLOW, MM$ 21.37 7.65 0.53 0.00 0.00
CUM CASH FLOW AFTER TAXES, MM$ 604.45 612.09 612.62 612.62 612.62

76
 TABLE 4-10 (Cont.)
ECONOMIC ANALYSlS OF A CHEM FLOODING PROJECT

UNDISCOUNTED MEAN VALUES

26 27 28 29 30
YEAR ENDING 2010. 2011. 2012. 2013 2014.

ANN. OIL PRODUCTION, MBBL 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

ANN. GAS PRODUCTION, MMSCF 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. WATER PROD., MBBL 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
ANN. SURFACTANT SLUG. MBBL 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
ANN. POLYMER INJ., MLB 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
OIL PROD. RATE, BBL/D 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
GAS PROD. RATE, MSCF/D 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
WATER PROD. RATE. BBL/D 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.

NET OIL SOLD (LESS ROYALTY), MBBL 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
NET GAS SOLD (LESS ROYALTY), MMSCF 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
MEAN PRICE OF OIL, $/BBL 27.83 27.83 27.83 27.83 27.83
MEAN PRICE OF GAS, $/MSCF 4.67 4.67 4.67 4.67 4.67
ANN. GROSS OIL,. MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. GROSS GAS SALES, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. TOTAL GROSS SALES, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. ROYALTY, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. NET SALES, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

ANN. SEVERANCE TAX, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

ANN. FIXED OPERATING COST, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. VARIABLE OPER. COST, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. CHEM. PURCH. COST, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. CHEM. HANDLING COST, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. WELL WORKOVER COST. MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. PROD WATER TREAT. COST. MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. OVERHEAD, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. TOTAL OP. COST. MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. NET OPER. INCOME. MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
CUM NET OPER. INCOME. MM$ 826.03 826.03 826.03 826.03 826.03
ANN. WORKING CAPITAL, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. TANGIBLE CAPITAL. MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. INTANGIBLE CAPITAL. MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
CUM CASH FLOW BEF. TAXES. MM$ 612.62 612.62 612.62 612.62 612.62

BASE PRICE OF OIL FOR WPT, $/BBL 37.85 38.61 39.38 40.17 40.97
ANN. WINDFALL PRICE DIFF, $/BBL 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. NET INC. LIMIT PRICE, $/BBL 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
RELEASED OIL REVENUES, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. WINDFALL EXCISE TAX, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. STATE INCOME TAX, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. INTANGIBLES AND DEPR, MM$ 0.08 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. INVESTMENT TAX CREDIT, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. NET TAXABLE INCOME, MM$ -0.08 -0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. FEDERAL INCOME TAX, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. AFTER TAX CASH FLOW, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
CUM CASH FLOW AFTER TAXES, MM$ 612.62 612.62 612.62 612.62 612.62

77
 TABLE 4-10 (Cont.)
ECONOMIC ANALYSlS OF A CHEM FLOODING PROJECT

UNDISCOUNTED MEAN VALUES

31 32 33 34 35
YEAR ENDING 2015. 2016. 2017. 2018. 2019.

ANN. OIL PROD., MBBL 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

ANN. GAS PROD.. MMSCF 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. WATER PROD., MBBL 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
ANN. SURFACTANT SLUG, MBBL 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
ANN. POLYMER INJ., MLB 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
OIL PROD. RATE, BBL/D 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
GAS PROD. RATE, MSCF/D 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
WATER PROD. RATE, BBL/D 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.

NET OIL SOLD (LESS ROYALTY), MBBL 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
NET GAS SOLD (LESS ROYALTY), MMSCF 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
MEAN PRICE OF OIL, $/BBL 27.83 27.83 27.83 27.83 27.83
MEAN PRICE OF GAS, $/MSCF 4.67 4.67 4.67 4.67 4.67
ANN. GROSS OIL BALES, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. GROSS GAS SALES, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. TOTAL GROSS SALES, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. ROYALTY, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. NET SALES. MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

ANN. SEVERANCE TAX. MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

ANN. FIXED OPER. COST. MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. VARIABLE OPER. COST. MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. CHEM. PURCH. COST. MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. CHEM. HANDLING COST. MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. WELL WORKOVER COST. MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. PROD WATER TREAT. COST, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. OVERHEAD, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. TOTAL OPERATING COST, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. NET OPERATING INCOME. MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
CUM NET OPERATING INCOME, MM$ 826.03 826.03 826.03 826.03 826.03
ANN. WORKING CAPITAL, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. TANGIBLE CAPITAL. MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. INTANGIBLE CAPITAL, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
CUM CASH FLOW BEF. TAXES. MM$ 612.62 612.62 612.62 612.62 612.62

BASE PRICE OF OIL FOR WPT, $/BBL 41.79 42.62 43.48 44.35 45.23
ANN. WINDFALL PRICE DIFF, $/BBL 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. NET INCOME LIMIT PRICE, $/BBL 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
RELEASED OIL REVENUES, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. WINDFALL EXCISE TAX. MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. STATE INCOME TAX, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. INTANGIBLES AND DEPR, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. INVESTMENT TAX CREDIT, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. NET TAXABLE INCOME, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. FEDERAL INCOME TAX, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. AFTER TAX CASH FLOW, MM$ 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
CUM CASH FLOW AFTER TAXES, MM$ 612.62 612.62 612.62 612.62 612.62

78
 TABLE 4-10 (Cont.)
ECONOMIC ANALYSlS OF A CHEM FLOODING PROJECT

UNDISCOUNTED MEAN VALUES

36 37 38 39 40
YEAR ENDING 2020. 2021. 2022. 2023 2024.

ANN. OIL PROD., MBBL 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

ANN. GAS PROD.. MMSCF 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. WATER PROD., MBBL 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
ANN. SURFACTANT SLUG, MBBL 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
ANN. POLYMER INJ., MLB 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
OIL PROD. RATE, BBL/D 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
GAS PROD. RATE, MSCF/D 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
WATER PROD. RATE, BBL/D 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.

NET OIL SOLD (LESS ROYALTY), MBBL 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
NET GAS SOLD (LESS ROYALTY), MMSCF 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
MEAN PRICE OF OIL, $/BBL 27.83 27.83 27.83 27.83 27.83
MEAN PRICE OF GAS, $/MSCF 4.67 4.67 4.67 4.67 4.67
ANN. GROSS OIL BALES, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. GROSS GAS SALES, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. TOTAL GROSS SALES, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. ROYALTY, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. NET SALES. MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

ANN. SEVERANCE TAX. MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

ANN. FIXED OPER. COST. MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. VARIABLE OPER. COST. MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. CHEM. PURCH. COST. MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. CHEM. HANDLING COST. MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. WELL WORKOVER COST. MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. PROD WATER TREAT. COST, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. OVERHEAD, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. TOTAL OPERATING COST, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. NET OPERATING INCOME. MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
CUM NET OPERATING INCOME, MM$ 826.03 826.03 826.03 826.03 826.03
ANN. WORKING CAPITAL, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. TANGIBLE CAPITAL. MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. INTANGIBLE CAPITAL, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
CUM CASH FLOW BEF. TAXES. MM$ 612.62 612.62 612.62 612.62 612.62

BASE PRICE OF OIL FOR WPT, $/BBL 46.14 47.06 48.00 48.96 49.94
ANN. WINDFALL PRICE DIFF, $/BBL 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. NET INCOME LIMIT PRICE, $/BBL 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
RELEASED OIL REVENUES, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. WINDFALL EXCISE TAX. MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. STATE INCOME TAX, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. INTANGIBLES AND DEPR, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. INVESTMENT TAX CREDIT, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. NET TAXABLE INCOME, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. FEDERAL INCOME TAX, MM$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
ANN. AFTER TAX CASH FLOW, MM$ 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
CUM CASH FLOW AFTER TAXES, MM$ 612.62 612.62 612.62 612.62 612.62

79
 TABLE 4-11

UNDISCOUNTED MEAN RESULTS

PROJECT ECONOMIC LIFE 23.0 YEARS

TOTAL GROSS SALES 2400.316 MM$
TOTAL NET SALES 2400.316 MM$
TOTAL SEVERANCE TAX 0.000 MM$
TOTAL FIXED OPERATING COST 114.658 MM$
TOTAL VARIABLE OPERATING COST 39.885 MM$
TOTAL CHEMICAL PURCHASE COST 1204.536 MM$
TOTAL CHEMICAL HANDLING COST 89.048 MM$
TOTAL WELL WORKOVER COST 29. 230 MM$
TOTAL PROD WATER TREATING COST 26.491 MM$
TOTAL OVERHEAD 70.434 MM$
TOTAL OPERATING COST 1574.282 MM$
TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL 0.000 MM$
TOTAL TANGIBLE CAPITAL 15.645 MM$
TOTAL INTANGIBLE CAPITAL 197.770 MM$
TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT 213.415 MM$
TOTAL DEBT INTEREST EXPENSE 0.000 MM$
TOTAL PROJECT EXPENSE 1787.696 MM$
TOTAL CASH FLOW BEFORE TAX 612.620 MM$
TOTAL WINDFALL PROFITS TAX 0.000 MM$
TOTAL STATE INCOME TAX 0.000 MM$
TOTAL FEDERAL INCOME TAX 0.000 MM$
TOTAL AFTER TAX CASH FLOW 612.620 MM$
TOTAL LOAN AMOUNT 0.000 MM$

ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF A CHEMICAL FLOODING PROJECT

PRESNT MEAN VALUE CASH FLOW

VALUE BEFORE TAX (MM$) AFTER TAX (MM$)
YEAR FACTOR ANNUAL CONST $ DISCNTD ANNUAL CONST $ DISCNTD

1 1985. 0.9535 -69.02 -69.02 -65.81 -69.02 -69.02 -65.81

2 1986. 0.8668 -100.26 -100.26 -92.89 -100.26 -100.26 -92.89
3 1987. 0.7880 -104.19 -104.19 -95.98 -104.19 -104.19 -95.98
4 1988. 0.7164 -87.88 -87.88 -84.30 -87.88 -87.88 -84.30
5 1989. 0.6512 -58.40 -58.40 -65.10 -58.40 -58.40 -65.10
6 1990. 0.5920 -22.34 -22.34 -43.75 -22.34 -22.34 -43.75
7 1991. 0.5382 13.73 13.73 -24.34 13.73 13.73 -24.34
8 1992. 0.4893 49.79 49.79 -6.69 49.79 49. 79 -6.69
9 1993. 0.4448 85.86 85.86 9.35 85.86 85.86 9.35
10 1994. 0.4044 121.93 121.93 23.93 121.93 121.93 23.93
11 1995. 0.3676 157.99 157.99 37.19 157.99 157.99 37.19
12 1996. 0.3342 194.06 194.06 49.24 194.06 194.06 49.24
13 1997. 0.3038 230.12 230.12 60.20 230.12 230.12 60.20
14 1998. 0.2762 266.19 266.19 70.16 266.19 266.19 70.16
15 1999. 0.2511 302.25 302.25 79.21 302.25 302.25 79.21
16 2000. 0.2283 338.32 338.32 87.45 338.32 338.32 87.45
17 2001. 0.2075 374.39 374.39 94.93 374.39 374.39 94.93
18 2002. 0.1886 470.84 470.84 113.12 470.84 470.84 113.12
19 2003. 0.1715 540.90 540.90 125.14 540.90 540.90 125.14
20 2004. 0.1559 583.07 583.07 131.71 583.07 583.07 131.71
21 2005. 0.1417 604.45 604.45 134.74 604.45 604.45 134.74
22 2006. 0.1288 612.09 612.09 135.73 612.09 612.09 135.73
23 2007. 0.1171 612.62 612.62 135.79 612.62 612.62 135.79

80
 TABLE 4-12

SCIENTIFIC SOFTWARE-INTERCOMP
CHEMICAL FLOOD PREDICTIVE MODEL
(CFPM - RELEASE 3.2)
(AUGUST. 1986)

BASE CASE CFPM OIL PRICE $28.00

PRODUCTION SUMMARY

PROJECT ECONOMIC LIFE 23.0 YEARS

CUMULATIVE GROSS OIL SOLD 80848. MBBL
CUMULATIVE GROSS GAS SOLD 32258. MMSCF
CUMULATIVE SURFACTANT SLUG VOLUME 151005. MBBL
CUMULATIVE POLYMER PURCHASED 122736. MLB
CUMULATIVE OIL/SURF SLUG RATIO 0.54 BBL/BBL
CUMULATIVE NET OIL SOLD 80848. MBBL
PRESENT VALUE OF NET OIL SOLD 32621. MBBL

MEAN RESULTS

PRESENT VALUE OF TOTAL GROSS SALES 968.499 MM$

PRESENT VALUE OF TOTAL NET SALES 968.499 MM$
TOTAL SEVERANCE TAX (PV) 0.000 MM$
TOTAL FIXED OPERATING COST (PV) 45.176 MM$
TOTAL VARIABLE OPERATING COST (PV) 16.093 MM$
TOTAL CHEMICAL PURCHASED COST (PV) 578.103 MM$
TOTAL CHEMICAL HANDLING COST (PV) 35.695 MM$
TOTAL WELL WORKOVER COST (PV) 11.517 MM$
TOTAL PROD WATER TREATING COST (PV) 10.288 MM$
TOTAL OVERHEAD (PV) 29.001 MM$
TOTAL OPERATING COST (PV) 725.873 MM$
TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL (PV) 0.000 MM$
TOTAL TANGIBLE CAPITAL INVESTED (PV) 9.246 MM$
TOTAL INTANGIBLE CAPITAL (PV) 97.590 MM$
TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT (PV) 106.836 MM$
TOTAL INTEREST EXPENSE (PV) 0.000 MM$
TOTAL PROJECT EXPENSE (PV) 832.708 MM$
DISCOUNTED COST PER DISC NET OIL 25.527 $/BBL
DISCOUNTED CASH FLOW BEFORE TAX 135.790 MM$

PROJECT PROFITABILITY (AFTER TAX)

AVERAGE MONETARY DISCOUNT RATE 10.00 PCNT

90 PCNT CONFIDENCE DCF -33.003 MM$
MEAN DISCOUNTED CASH FLOW 135.790 MM$
10 PCNT CONFIDENCE DCF 333.638 MM$
STANDARD DEVIATION OF THE MEAN DCF 138.355 MM$
PAYOUT BASED ON AFTER TAX MEAN DCF 8.42 YEARS
MEAN DCF PROFIT TO INVESTMENT RATIO 1.271 P/I
MEAN DCF PROFIT TO EXPENSE RATIO 0.163 P/E
MEAN DCF PROFIT PER DISC NET OIL 4.163 $/BBL
MEAN INVESTMENT EFFICIENCY 2.161
MEAN DCF RATE OF RETURN 21.82 PCNT

81
 TABLE 4-13

SCIENTIFIC SOFTWARE-INTERCOMP
CHEMICAL FLOOD PREDICTIVE MODEL
(CFPM - RELEASE 3.2)
(AUGUST - 1986)

LOUDEN PILOT NPC = 0

CASE CONTROLS

ECONOMIC ANALYSIS CONTROL 0 IECON

CAUSTIC OPTION (ON IF .GE. 1 ) 0 ICAUST
NPC OIL RECOVERY OPTION(ON IF .EQ. 1) 0 NPC
LITHOLOGY (1=SS, 2=CARBONATE) 0 ILIT

FORMATION PROPERTIES

FORMATION DEPTH 1550.0 FEET

FORMATION TEMPERATURE 78.0 DEG. F
MAX SCREEN TEMPERATURE 200.0 DEG. F
FORMATION SALINITY 104000.0 PPM TDS
MAX SCREEN SALINITY 150000. 0 PPM TDS
ORIGINAL OIL IN PLACE 0.008 MMSTB
CUMULATIVE OIL PROD. AT FLOOD START 0.003 MMSTB
FORMATION POROSITY 0.1980 FRACTION
FORMATION PERMEABILITY 135. 0 MD
FORMATION NET PAY 12.9 FEET
DYKSTRA-PARSONS COEFFICIENT 0.4200 VDP
WT FRACTION CLAY 0.100 FRACTION
FORMATION KV/KH RATIO 0.00000 KV/KH
CROSSFLOW MIXING FACTOR 0.025 RL

INITIAL CONDITIONS

FRACTION BOTTOM WATER 0.0000 FRACTION

FRACTION GAS CAP 0.0000 FRACTION
OIL GRAVITY 30.0 DEG API
SOLUTION GAS-OIL RATIO 177.0 SCF/STB
INITIAL OIL FORMATION VOL FACTOR 1.000 RB/STB
FLOOD OIL FORMATION VOL FACTOR 1.000 RB/STB
FLOOD WATER FORMATION VOL FACTOR 1.000 RB/STB
OIL VISCOSITY AT RESVR COND 5.000 CP
WTR VISCOSITY AT RESVR COND 1.000 CP
ROCK DENSITY 2.680 Q/ML
SURF DENSITY 0.850 G/ML
SURF CONCENTRATION IN SLUG 0.0270 VOL FR
DIMENSIONLESS SURF SLUG SIZE 2.560 VPS/DS
LARGE VPS/DS CORE FLOOD RECOVERY 0.0000 EDIN

82
 TABLE 4-14

SCIENTIFIC SOFTWARE-INTERCOMP
CHEMICAL FLOOD PREDICTIVE MODEL
(CFPM - RELEASE 3.2)
(AUGUST, 1986)

ROBINSON 219R PROJECT NPC = 0

CASE CONTROLS

ECONOMIC ANALYSIS CONTROL 0 IECON

CAUSTIC OPTION (ON IF .GE. 1) 0 ICAUST
NPC OIL RECOVERY OPTION(ON IF .EQ. 1) 0 NPC
LITHOLOGY (1=SS, 2=CARBONATE) 0 ILIT

FORMATION PROPERTIES

FORMATION DEPTH 1000.0 FEET

FORMATION TEMPERATURE 80. 0 DEG. F
MAX SCREEN TEMPERATURE 200.0 DEG.F
FORMATION SALINITY 2000.0 PPM TDS
MAX SCREEN SALINITY 100000.0 PPM TDS
ORIGINAL OIL IN PLACE 0.000 MMSTB
CUMULATIVE OIL PROD. AT FLOOD START 1.090 MMSTB
FORMATION POROSITY 0.2080 FRACTION
FORMATION PERMEABILITY 150.0 MD
FORMATION NET PAY 16.6 FEET
DYKSTRA-PARSONS COEFFICIENT 0.6000 VDP
WT FRACTION CLAY 0.100 FRACTION
FORMATION KV/KH RATIO 0.00000 KV/KH
CROSSFLOW MIXING FACTOR 0.025 RL

INITIAL CONDITIONS
FRACTION BOTTOM WATER 0.0000 FRACTION
FRACTION GAS CAP 0.0000 FRACTION
OIL GRAVITY 37.5 DEG API
SOLUTION GAS-OIL RATIO 1.0 SCF/STB
INITIAL OIL FORMATION VOL FACTOR 1.050 RB/STB
FLOOD OIL FORMATION VOL FACTOR 1.000 RB/STB
FLOOD WATER FORMATION VOL FACTOR 1.001 RB/STB
OIL VISCOSITY AT RESVR COND 7.000 CP
WTR VISCOSITY AT RESVR COND 0.948 CP
ROCK DENSITY 2.680 G/ML
SURF DENSITY 0.850 G/ML
SURF CONCENTRATION IN SLUG 0.1000 VOL FR
DIMENSIONLESS SURF SLUG SIZE 2.520 VPS/DS
LARGE VPS/DS CORE FLOOD RECOVERY 0.0000 EDIN

83
OIL RATE, BOPD

100

80

Original Model
60

40

NPC Model
20

0 0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0
TIME, YEAR

FIGURE 4-1
Base Case Production Curves. Comparison of Original CFPM with NPC Modified CFPM

PROFIT-TO-INVESTMENT-RATIO DCF RATE-OF-RETURN, %

4 40
ORIGINAL CFPM
NPC MODEL
3 30

2 20

1 10

0 0
8.00 12.00 16.00 20.00 24.00 28.00 32.00 36.00 40.00
NOMINAL OIL PRICE, $/BBL

-1 -10

-2 -20
Figure 4-2.
Sensitivity Runs-Oil Price. Comparison of Original CFPM with NPC Model

84
OIL CUT, VOLUME PERCENT
30

1 Pattern
0.68 Acre Observed
25 Original CFPM
NPC Model

20

15

10

0
0 2.5 .50 .75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 2.25
PORE VOLUMES PRODUCED

Figure 4-3.
Comparison of Original CFPM with NPC Model for Louden Pilot

OIL RATE, BOPD

1000
38 3-AcrePatterns
Observed
Original CFPM
800 NPC Model

600

400

200

0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
TIME, DAYS

Figure 4-4.
Comparison of Original CFPM with NPC Model for Robinson 219R Project

85
 100

OIL RATE, 80
BOPD

60
ICAUST=3
ICAUST=0

40

ICAUST=2

20
ICAUST=1

0
0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0
TIME, YEAR

Figure 4-5.
CFPM Caustic Flood Options

OIL/SURFACTANT RECOVERY EFFICIENCY PROFIT-TO-INVESTMENT

RATIO, BBL/BBL (ER), FR OIP RATIO
2.0 .25 5

1.6 .20 Oil/Surf 4

ER

1.2 .15 3

P/I
.8 .10 2

.4 .05 1

0 0 0
0 .05 .10 .15 .20 .25
SURFACTANT SLUG INJ (VPS), PV

Figure 4-6.
Sensitivity Runs - Surfactant Slug Size

86
RECOVERY EFFICIENCY (ER), FR OIP PROFIT-TO-INVESTMENT RATIO

4 40 DCF
.4
RATE- OF-
RETURN, %

DCFROR 3
.3 30

.2 2 20
ER

.1 1 10
P/I

0 0
0 .2 .4 .6 .8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0
POLYMER SLUG SIZE (VPMB), PV

-1
Figure 4-7. Sensitivity Runs - Polymer Slug Size

OIL/SURFACTANT RATIO, BBL/BBL PROFIT-TO-INVESTMENT RATIO

2.0 10
RECOVERY EFFICIENCY (ER), OIP

1.6 .4 8

1.2 .3 6
P/I
ER

Oil/Surf. 4
.8 .2

.4 .1 2

0 0
0 .2 .4 .6 .8 1.0

DYKSTRA-PARSONS COEFFICIENT (VDP)

-2
Figure 4-8. Sensitivity Runs - Dykstra-Parsons Coefficient

87
RECOVERY EFFICIENCY (ER), FR OIP PROFIT-TO-INVESTMENT RATIO
.5 10

P/I

.4 8

.3 6

ER

.2 4

.1 2

0 0
0 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000

PERMEABILITY, md

Figure 4-9. Sensitivity Runs - Permeability

DCF RATE-
OF-RETURN,
%
RECOVERY EFFICIENCY (ER). FR OIP PROFIT-TO-INVESTMENT RATIO
.4 4 80

DCFROR

3 60
.3

2
.2 ER 40
P/I

1
.1 20

0
0 0
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10,000
DEPTH, FEET

-1

Figure 4-10. Sensitivity Runs - Depth

88
 DCF RATE-
OF-RETURN,
%
RECOVERY EFFICIENCY (ER). FR OIP PROFIT-TO-INVESTMENT RATIO
.4 4 80

DCFROR
.3 3 60

.2 2 40
ER

P/I
.1 1 20

0 0 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
PATTERN SIZE, ACRE
-1

Figure 4-11. Sensitivity Runs - Pattern Area

89
 SECTION 5
CFPM SUBROUTINE GLOSSARY

This section describes the main program and subroutines, and tabulates scalar and array
variables. The nomenclature in the glossary tables for these variables is as follows:

TYPE I*4 4-BYTE INTEGER

R*4 4-BYTE REAL NUMBER

LOCATION NAME NAME OF LABELED COMMON

$LOCAL LOCAL TO SUBROUTINE
ARG PASSED FROM ANOTHER SUBROUTINE

ACTION SET APPEARS ON L.H.S. OF EQUATION

REF APPEARS ON R.H.S. OF EQUATION
ARG PASSED TO ANOTHER SUBROUTINE

5.1 MAIN PROGRAM

DESCRIPTION : CALLS MAJOR SUBROUTINE

SUBROUTINES CALLED :
TITLE - PRINTS HEADER WITH RELEASE NUMBER
INPUT - INPUT SUBROUTINE FOR RESERVOIR DATA, CHECKS FOR DATA
INPUT ERRORS, DEFAULTS INPUT DATA, AND PRINTS CASE DATA
TECH - CHECKS IF RESERVOIR TEMPERATURE AND SALINITY EXCEED
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE TEMPERATURE AND SALINITY
RESV - CALCULATES RESERVOIR PERFORMANCE FOR SINGLE PATTERN
AND STORES RESULTS
OUTR - WRITES PATTERN PRODUCTION REPORT AND RECOVERY
EFFICIENCY SUMMARY
INEC - INPUTS ECONOMIC DATA, CHECKS FOR DEFAULTS, AND
CALCULATES PROJECT PERFORMANCE FROM PATTERN RESULTS
ECON - PERFORMS ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE PROJECT, CALCULATES
ANNUAL CASH FLOW (REVENUES, COSTS, AND TAXES),
CALCULATES CAPITAL DEPRECIATION, PRESENT VALUE, AND
AFTER TAX DCFROR
OUTE - WRITES ECONOMIC ANALYSIS REPORTS

SCALARS REFERENCED

TYPE NAME LOCATION ACTION

I*4 ICHK CALCS REF

R*4 CCMB CALCS REF
R*4 CP INR REF
R*4 FACT $LOCAL ARG
R*4 FCAU $LOCAL ARG
R*4 FDC $LOCAL ARG
R*4 FEQP $LOCAL ARG
R*4 FOPR $LOCAL ARG
R-4 FPLY $LOCAL ARG
R*4 FSUR $LOCAL ARG
R*4 FUEL $LOCAL ARG
I*4 IECON INR REF
I*4 IR INR SET REF

90
R*4 KORO INR REF
R*4 KORW INR REF
I*4 M ECI REF
R*4 MUPPV ECS REF
I*4 NYR CALCS ARG
I*4 NZONE FLAGS SET
R*4 PRICEI $LOCAL ARG
R*4 SUMVOM ECS REF
R*4 SVON ECS REF
I*4 TECH1 INR REF
I*4 TECH2 INR REF
R*4 VALUE $LOCAL ARG
R*4 WOR $LOCAL ARG
R*4 XHEND $LOCAL SET REF

ARRAYS REFERENCED

TYPE NAME LOCATION DIMENSIONS ACTION

R*4 ANYA CALCS (1) REF SET

R*4 CARD $LOCAL (20) REF SET
R*4 CCMBA CALCS (1) REF SET
R*4 CPA INR (1) REF SET
R*4 DATE ECO (50) SET
R*4 MUCI ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUCT ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUDB ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUFO ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUIN ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUOPC ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPB ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPG ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPI ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPO ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPP ECC (50) REF
R*4 MURP ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUTR ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUVG ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUVI ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUVO ECC (50) REF SET
R*4 MUVW ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUWO ECC (50) REF
R*4 PATI ECI (50) SET REF
R*4 PROS OUT (200) SET
R*4 PVDF ECO (50) SET REF
R*4 RNAM INR (20) SET ARG
R*4 SIGPP ECC (50) SET REF
R*4 SUMVOA ECS (1) REF SET
R*4 SVONA ECS (1) REF SET
R*4 TECHA INR (1) REF SET
R*4 TIMS OUT (200) SET REF
R*4 TITL ECI (20) SET
R*4 XMA ECI (1) REF SET

91
5.2 SUBROUTINE TITLE

CALLED FROM : MAIN,

DESCRIPTION : PRINTS HEADER WITH RELEASE NUMBER

SUBROUTINES CALLED : (NONE)

ARRAYS REFERENCED

TYPE NAME LOCATION DIMENSIONS ACTION

I*4 TITL ARG (20) REF

5.3 SUBROUTINE INPUT

CALLED FROM : MAIN

DESCRIPTION : INPUT SUBROUTINE FOR RESERVOIR DATA, CHECKS FOR DATA INPUT ERRORS,
DEFAULTS INPUT DATA AND PRINTS CASE DATA

SUBROUTINES CALLED : CHEKR - DEFAULT CHECKING FOR RESERVOIR DATA, CALCULATES

CROSSFLOW MIXING FACTOR
OUT1 - WRITES RESERVOIR DATA AND CASE CONTROLS

SCALARS REFERENCED

TYPE NAME LOCATION ACTION

I*4 ICHK CALCS REF

R*4 APAT INR SET
R*4 API INR SET
R*4 BOF INR SET
R*4 BOI INR SET
R*4 BRNMX INR SET
R*4 BWF INR SET
R*4 COIL INR SET
R*4 CP INR SET
R*4 CS INR SET
R*4 DEPTH INR SET
R*4 DSIN INR SET
R*4 EDIN CALCS SET
R*4 FBW INR SET
R*4 FGC INR SET
I*4 ICAUST INR SET
I*4 IECON INR SET
I*4 ILIT INR SET
I*4 IR INR REF
I*4 IZONE INR SET
R*4 KORO INR REF SET
R*4 KORW INR REF SET
R*4 MUPPV ECS REF
I*4 NPC INR SET
R*4 OOIP INR SET
R*4 PAY INR SET
R*4 PERM INR SET
R*4 PHI INR SET
R*4 QSS CALCS SET

92
R*4 RHOR INR SET
R*4 RHOS INR SET
R*4 RS INR SET
R*4 SALIN INR SET
R*4 SGG INR SET
R*4 SMAX INR SET
R*4 SORW INR SET
R*4 SWC INR SET
I*4 TECH1 INR REF
I*4 TECH2 INR REF
R*4 TEMP INR SET
R*4 TMAX INR SET
R*4 VDP INR SET
R*4 VISO INR SET
R*4 VISW INR SET
R*4 VPMB INR SET
R*4 VPSDS INR SET
R*4 WCLAY INR SET
R*4 XKVKH INR SET
R*4 XNO INR SET
R*4 XNW INR SET

ARRAYS REFERENCED

TYPE NAME LOCATION DIMENSIONS ACTION

R*4 MUCI ECC (50) REF

R*4 MUCT ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUDB ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUFO ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUIN ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUOPC ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPB ECC (50) REP
R*4 MUPG ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPI ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPO ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPP ECC (50) REF
R*4 MURP ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUTR ECC (50) REP
R*4 MUVG ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUVI ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUVO ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUVW ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUWO ECC (50) REF

5.4 SUBROUTINE CHEKR

CALLED FROM : INPUT

DESCRIPTION : DEFAULT CHECKING FOR RESERVOIR DATA, CALCULATES CROSSFLOW

MIXING FACTOR

SUBROUTINES CALLED : (NONE)

SCALARS REFERENCED

TYPE NAME LOCATION ACTION

93
R*4 A INR SET REF
I*4 ICHK CALCS REF SET
R*4 APAT INR REF
R*4 API INR REF
R*4 B CALCS SET REF
R*4 BOF INR SET
R*4 BOI INR REF SET
R*4 BRNMX INR SET REF
R*4 BWF INR REF SET
R*4 CAP CALCS SET
R*4 COIL INR REF
R*4 CP INR SET
R*4 CPLY1 CALCS SET
R*4 CPLY2 CALCS SET
R*4 CS INR SET
R*4 DEPTH INR REF
R*4 DWWCAP CALCS SET
R*4 ED CALCS SET
R*4 ER CALCS SET
R*4 FBW INR REF
R*4 FGC INR REF
R*4 FPV CALCS SET
I*4 ILIT INR REF
I*4 IZONE INR REF
R*4 KORO INR REF SET
R*4 KORW INR REF SET
R*4 MUPPV ECS REF
I*4 NZONE FLAGS SET REF
R*4 OOIP INR REF
R*4 PAY INR REF SET
R*4 PERM INR REF
R*4 PHI INR REF
R*4 RHOR INR SET
R*4 RHOS INR SET
R*4 RL CALCS SET
R*4 RS INR REF SET
R*4 SALIN INR SET
R*4 SGG INR SET REF
R*4 SMAX INR SET
R*4 SOI CALCS SET
R*4 SORW INR SET REF
R*4 SWC INR SET REF
R*4 TCAP CALCS SET
I*4 TECH1 INR REF
I*4 TECH2 INR REF
R*4 TEMP INR SET REF
R*4 TMAX INR SET
R*4 TO CALCS SET
R*4 TRL CALCS SET
R*4 VDP INR SET
R*4 VISO INR REF SET
R*4 VISW INR REF SET
R*4 VPMB INR SET
R*4 VPSDS INR SET
R*4 WCLAY INR SET
R*4 WWCAP CALCS SET
R*4 XKVKH INR SET REF
R*4 XNO INR SET
R*4 XNW INR SET
R*4 ZONE $LOCAL SET REF

94
ARRAYS REFERENCED

TYPE NAME LOCATION DIMENSIONS ACTION

R*4 MUCI ECC (50) REF

R*4 MUCT ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUDB ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUFO ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUIN ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUOPC ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPB ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPG ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPI ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPO ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPP ECC (50) REF
R*4 MURP ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUTR ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUVG ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUVI ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUVO ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUVW ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUWO ECC (50) REF

5.5 SUBROUTINE OUT1

CALLED FROM : INPUT

DESCRIPTION : WRITES RESERVOIR DATA AND CASE CONTROLS

SUBROUTINES CALLED : RELP - CALCULATES OIL/WATER RELATIVE PERMEABILITY, WATER

FRACTIONAL FLOW AND DERIVATIVE DFW/DSW

SCALARS REFERENCED

TYPE NAME LOCATION ACTION

R*4 API INR REF

R*4 BOF INR REF
R*4 BOI INR REF
R*4 BWF INR REF
R*4 COIL INR REF
R*4 CS INR REF
R*4 DEPTH INR REF
R*4 DFDS $LOCAL ARG REF
R*4 DSIN INR REF
R*4 EDIN CALCS REF
R*4 FBW INR REF
R*4 FGC INR REF
I*4 ICAUST INR REF
I*4 IECON INR REF
I*4 ILIT INR REF
R*4 KORO INR REF ARG
R*4 KORW INR REF ARG
R*4 MUPPV ECS REF
I*4 NPC INR REF
I*4 NZONE FLAGS REF
R*4 OOIP INR REF
R*4 PAY INR REF
R*4 PERM INR REF
R*4 PHI INR REF

95
R*4 RHOR INR REF
R*4 RHOS INR REF
R*4 RL CALCS REF
R*4 RS INR REF
R*4 SALIN INR REF
R*4 SMAX INR REF
R*4 SORW INR REF
R*4 SWC INR REF
R*4 SWX $LOCAL SET ARG REF
I*4 TECH1 INR REF
I*4 TECH2 INR REF
R*4 TEMP INR REF
R*4 TMAX INR REF
R*4 VDP INR REF
R*4 VISO INR REF
R*4 VISW INR REF
R*4 VPSDS INR REF
R*4 WCLAY INR REF
R*4 WMOB $LOCAL ARG
R*4 XFW $LOCAL ARG REF
R*4 XKRO $LOCAL ARG REF
R*4 XKRW $LOCAL ARG REF
R*4 XKVKH INR REF
R*4 XNO INR REF
R*4 XNW INR REF

ARRAYS REFERENCED

TYPE NAME LOCATION DIMENSIONS ACTION

R*4 FWS INR (21) SET

R*4 MUCI ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUCT ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUDB ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUFO ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUIN ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUOPC ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPB ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPG ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPI ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPO ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPP ECC (50) REF
R*4 MURP ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUTR ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUVG ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUVI ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUVO ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUVW ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUWO ECC (50) REF
R*4 SWS INR (21) SET

96
5.6 SUBROUTINE RELP

CALLED FROM : OUT1

DESCRIPTION : CALCULATES OIL/WATER RELATIVE PERMEABILITY, WATER FRACTIONAL

FLOW AND DERIVATIVE DFW/DSW

SUBROUTINES CALLED : (NONE)

SCALARS REFERENCED

TYPE NAME LOCATION ACTION

R*4 DFDS ARG SET

R*4 KORO INR REF
R*4 KORW INR REF
R*4 MUPPV ECS REF
R*4 SORW INR REF
R*4 SWC INR REF
R*4 SWF ARG REF
I*4 TECH1 INR REF
I*4 TECH2 INR REF
R*4 VISO INR REF
R*4 VISW INR REF
R*4 WMOB ARG SET REF
R*4 XFW ARG SET
R*4 XKRO ARG SET REF
R*4 XKROE ARG REF
R*4 XKRW ARG SET REF
R*4 XKRWE ARG REF
R*4 XNO INR REF
R*4 XNW INR REF

ARRAYS REFERENCED

TYPE NAME LOCATION DIMENSIONS ACTION

R*4 MUCI ECC (50) REF

R*4 MUCT ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUDB ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUFO ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUIN ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUOPC ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPB ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPG ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPI ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPO ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPP ECC (50) REF
R*4 MURP ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUTR ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUVG ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUVI ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUVO ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUVW ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUWO ECC (50) REF

97
5.7 SUBROUTINE TECH

CALLED FROM : MAIN

DESCRIPTION : CHECKS IF RESERVOIR TEMPERATURE AND SALINITY EXCEED MAXIMUM

ALLOWABLE TEMPERATURE AND SALINITY

SUBROUTINES CALLED : (NONE)

SCALARS REFERENCED

TYPE NAME LOCATION ACTION

R*4 KORO INR REF

R*4 KORW INR REF
R*4 MUPPV ECS REF
R*4 SALIN INR REF
R*4 SMAX INR REF
I*4 TECH1 INR REF SET
I*4 TECH2 INR REF SET
R*4 TEMP INR REF
R*4 TMAX INR REF

ARRAYS REFERENCED

TYPE NAME LOCATION DIMENSIONS ACTION

R*4 MUCI ECC (50) REF

R*4 MUCT ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUDB ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUFO ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUIN ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUOPC ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPB ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPG ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPI ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPO ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPP ECC (50) REF
R*4 MURP ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUTR ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUVG ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUVI ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUVO ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUVW ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUWO ECC (50) REF

5.8 SUBROUTINE RESV

CALLED FROM : MAIN

DESCRIPTION : CALCULATES RESERVOIR PERFORMANCE FOR A PATTERN AND STORES

RESULTS

SUBROUTINES CALLED : TARGET - CALCULATES TARGET OIL (OIL REMAINING IN

WATERFLOOD SWEPT PORTION OF RESERVOIR)
RECOVR - CALCULATES RECOVERABLE TARGET OIL (RTO)
PROD - DETERMINES OIL PRODUCTION AS A FUNCTION OF
PORE VOLUMES INJECTED AND TIME
CHMINJ - DETERMINES CHEMICAL (SURFACTANT/CAUSTIC AND
POLYMER) INJECTION SCHEDULE FOR A PATTERN

98
SCALARS REFERENCED

TYPE NAME LOCATION ACTION

R*4 KORO INR REF

R*4 KORW INR REF
R*4 MUPPV ECS REF
I*4 NYR CALCS REF
R*4 RS INR REF
I*4 TECH1 INR REF
I*4 TECH2 INR REF

ARRAYS REFERENCED

TYPE NAME LOCATION DIMENSIONS ACTION

R*4 CUMGS OUT (200) SET

R*4 CUMOS OUT (200) SET REF
R*4 CUMWS OUT (200) SET
R*4 MUCI ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUCT ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUDB ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUFO ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUIN ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUOPC ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPB ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPG ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPI ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPO ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPP ECC (50) REF
R*4 MURP ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUTR ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUVG ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUVI ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUVO ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUVW ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUWO ECC (50) REF
R*4 PRGS OUT (200) SET
R*4 PROS OUT (200) REF

5.9 SUBROUTINE TARGET

CALLED FROM : RESV

DESCRIPTION : CALCULATES TARGET OIL (OIL REMAINING IN WATERFLOOD SWEPT

PORTION OF RESERVOIR)

SUBROUTINES CALLED : (NONE)

SCALARS REFERENCED

TYPE NAME LOCATION ACTION

R*4 APAT INR REF

R*4 BOF INR REF
R*4 BOI INR REF
R*4 COIL INR REF
R*4 DA CALCS SET REF
R*4 FBW INR REF
R*4 FGC INR REF

99
R*4 FPV CALCS SET REF
R*4 KORO INR REF
R*4 KORW INR REF
R*4 MUPPV ECS REF
R*4 OOIP INR REF
R*4 PAY INR REF
R*4 PFPV CALCS SET
R*4 PHI INR REF
R*4 SOI CALCS SET REF
R*4 SOR CALCS SET
R*4 SORW INR REF
R*4 SWC INR REF
I*4 TECH1 INR REF
I*4 TECH2 INR REF
R*4 TO CALCS SET REF
R*4 XNPAT CALCS SET REF

ARRAYS REFERENCED

TYPE NAME LOCATION DIMENSIONS ACTION

R*4 MUCI ECC (50) REF

R*4 MUCT ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUDB ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUFO ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUIN ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUOPC ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPB ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPG ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPI ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPO ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPP ECC (50) REF
R*4 MURP ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUTR ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUVG ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUVI ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUVO ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUVW ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUWO ECC (50) REF

5.10 SUBROUTINE RECOVR

CALLED FROM : RESV

DESCRIPTION : CALCULATES RECOVERABLE TARGET OIL (RTO)

SUBROUTINES CALLED : OPTIM - CALCULATES SURFACTANT (CAUSTIC) AND

POLYMER REQUIREMENTS
CAPNO - CALCULATES 1-D DISPLACEMENT EFFICIENCY
VERTSW - CALCULATES VERTICAL SWEEP EFFICIENCY FOR
LAYERED RESERVOIR

100
SCALARS REFERENCED

TYPE NAME LOCATION ACTION

R*4 EA CALCS SET REF

R*4 ED CALCS REF
R*4 EMB CALCS SET REF
R*4 EMBO CALCS SET REF
R*4 ER CALCS SET REF
R*4 EV CALCS REF
I*4 ICAUST INR REF
R*4 KORO INR REF
R*4 KORW INR REF
R*4 MUPPV ECS REF
I*4 NPC INR REF
R*4 RTO CALCS SET
I*4 TECH1 INR REF
I*4 TECH2 INR REF
R*4 TO CALCS REF
R*4 VDP INR REF
R*4 VPMB INR SET REF
R*4 VPS CALCS SET
R*4 VPSDS INR REF

ARRAYS REFERENCED

TYPE NAME LOCATION DIMENSIONS ACTION

R*4 MUCI ECC (50) REF

R*4 MUCT ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUDB ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUFO ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUIN ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUOPC ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPB ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPG ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPI ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPO ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPP ECC (50) REF
R*4 MURP ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUTR ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUVG ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUVI ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUVO ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUVW ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUWO ECC (50) REF

5.11 SUBROUTINE OPTIM

CALLED FROM : RECOVR

DESCRIPTION : CALCULATES SURFACTANT (CAUSTIC) AND POLYMER REQUIREMENTS

SUBROUTINES CALLED : (NONE)

101
SCALARS REFERENCED

TYPE NAME LOCATION ACTION

R*4 B CALCS SET REF

R*4 CPOLY CALCS SET
R*4 CS INR REF
R*4 DS CALCS SET REF
R*4 DSIN INR REF
I*4 ICAUST INR REF
R*4 KORO INR REF
R*4 KORW INR REF
R*4 MUPPV ECS REF
I*4 NPC INR REF
R*4 PHI INR REF
R*4 RHOR INR REF
R*4 RHOS INR REF
R*4 RPERM CALCS SET REF
I*4 TECH1 INR REF
I*4 TECH2 INR REF
R*4 VISO INR REF
R*4 VISW INR REF
R*4 VPMB INR SET
R*4 VPS CALCS SET
R*4 VPSDS INR REF
R*4 WCLAY INR REF

ARRAYS REFERENCED

TYPE NAME LOCATION DIMENSIONS ACTION

R*4 MUCI ECC (50) REF

R*4 MUCT ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUDB ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUFO ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUIN ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUOPC ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPB ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPG ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPI ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPO ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPP ECC (50) REF
R*4 MURP ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUTR ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUVG ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUVI ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUVO ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUVW ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUWO ECC (50) REF

5.12 SUBROUTINE CAPNO

CALLED FROM : RECOVR

DESCRIPTION : CALCULATES I-D DISPLACEMENT EFFICIENCY

SUBROUTINES CALLED SDINT: - SINGLE DIMENSIONAL LINEAR INTERPOLATION

SCALARS REFERENCED

102
TYPE NAME LOCATION ACTION

R*4 A INR REF

R*4 CAP CALCS SET REF
R*4 CP INR REF
R*4 DEPTH INR REF
R*4 DWWCAP CALCS SET REF
R*4 ED CALCS SET
R*4 EDIN CALCS REF
R*4 KORO INR REF
R*4 KORW INR REF
R*4 MUPPV ECS REF
I*4 NP $LOCAL SET ARG
R*4 PERM INR REF
R*4 RPERM CALCS REF SET
R*4 TCAP CALCS SET ARG
I*4 TECH1 INR REF
I*4 TECH2 INR REF
R*4 WWCAP CALCS SET REF

ARRAYS REFERENCED

TYPE NAME LOCATION DIMENSIONS ACTION

R*4 MUCI ECC (50) REF

R*4 MUCT ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUDB ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUFO ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUIN ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUOPC ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPB ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPG ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPI ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPO ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPP ECC (50) REF
R*4 MURP ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUTR ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUVG ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUVI ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUVO ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUVW ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUWO ECC (50) REF
R*4 RESID $LOCAL (117) REF SET ARG
R*4 XCAP $LOCAL (117) REF SET ARG

5.13 SUBROUTINE VERTSW

CALLED FROM : RECOVR

DESCRIPTION : CALCULATES VERTICAL SWEEP EFFICIENCY FOR LAYERED RESERVOIR

SUBROUTINES CALLED : (NONE)

103
SCALARS REFERENCED

TYPE NAME LOCATION ACTION

R*4 CM CALCS SET REF

R*4 EFF CALCS SET REF
R*4 EV CALCS SET REF
R*4 FM CALCS SET REF
R*4 KORO INR REF
R*4 KORW INR REF
R*4 MUPPV ECS REF
I*4 NPC INR REF
I*4 TECH1 INR REF
I*4 TECH2 INR REF
R*4 VDP INR REF
R*4 VPSDS INR REF SET

ARRAYS REFERENCED

TYPE NAME LOCATION DIMENSIONS ACTION

R*4 MUCI ECC (50) REF

R*4 MUCT ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUDB ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUFO ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUIN ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUOPC ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPB ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPG ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPI ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPO ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPP ECC (50) REF
R*4 MURP ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUTR ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUVG ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUVI ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUVO ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUVW ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUWO ECC (50) REF

5.14 SUBROUTINE PROD

CALLED FROM : RESV

DESCRIPTION : DETERMINES OIL PRODUCTION AS A FUNCTION OF PORE VOLUMES

INJECTED AND TIME

SUBROUTINES CALLED : CROSS - COMPUTES INTERSECTION BETWEEN

FRACTIONAL FLOW CURVE AND STRAIGHT LINE
(-DS,0.0) AND (1.-SORC,1.0)

SCALARS REFERENCED

TYPE NAME LOCATION ACTION

R*4 A INR REF

R*4 BOF INR REF
R*4 BWF INR REF
R*4 CFPRIM CALCS SET REF

104
R*4 CP INR REF
R*4 CPLY1 CALCS REF
R*4 CPLY2 CALCS REP
R*4 DEPTH INR REF
R*4 DS CALCS REF
R*4 ED CALCS REF
R*4 EFF CALCS REF
R*4 ER CALCS REF SET
R*4 FCF CALCS SET
R*4 FFPRIM CALCS SET REF
R*4 FOB CALCS SET REF
R*4 FOPK CALCS SET REF
R*4 FWB CALCS ARG REF
R*4 FWB2 $LOCAL ARG
I*4 ICAUST INR REF
I*4 IOUT ECI SET
R*4 KORO INR REF
R*4 KORW INR REF
R*4 MUPPV ECS REF
I*4 NPC INR REF
I*4 NYR CALCS SET
R*4 PAY INR REF
R*4 PERM INR REF
R*4 PFPV CALCS REF
R*4 PL CALCS SET
R*4 QOPK CALCS SET REF
R*4 QSS CALCS SET REF
R*4 RL CALCS REF
R*4 RTO CALCS SET
R*4 SOB CALCS SET REF
R*4 SORW INR REF
R*4 SWB CALCS ARG REF
R*4 TDOBT CALCS SET REF
R*4 TDS CALCS SET REF
R*4 TDSW CALCS SET REF
I*4 TECH1 INR REF
I*4 TECH2 INR REF
R*4 TO CALCS REF
R*4 TOBT CALCS SET REF
R*4 TRL CALCS SET REF
R*4 TS CALCS SET REF
R*4 TSW CALCS SET REF
R*4 VELS CALCS SET REF
R*4 VISO INR REF
R*4 VOB CALCS SET REF

ARRAYS REFERENCED

TYPE NAME LOCATION DIMENSIONS ACTION

R*4 CUMOS OUT (200) SET

R*4 CUMWS OUT (200) SET
R*4 FWS INR (21) ARG
R*4 MUCI ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUCT ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUDB ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUFO ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUIN ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUOPC ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPB ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPG ECC (50) REF

105
R*4 MUPI ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPO ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPP ECC (50) REF
R*4 MURP ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUTR ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUVG ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUVI ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUVO ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUVW ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUWO ECC (50) REF
R*4 PROS OUT (200) SET
R*4 PRWS OUT (200) SET REF
R*4 SWS INR (21) ARG
R*4 TIMS OUT (200) SET
R*4 X1 $LOCAL (2) REF SET ARG
R*4 Y1 $LOCAL (2) REF SET ARG

5.15 SUBROUTINE CROSS

CALLED FROM : PROD

DESCRIPTION : COMPUTES INTERSECTION BETWEEN FRACTIONAL FLOW CURVE AND

STRAIGHT LIKE (-DS,0.0) AND (1.-SORC,1.0)

SUBROUTINES CALLED : SDINT - SINGLE DIMENSIONAL LINEAR INTERPOLATION

SCALARS REFERENCED

TYPE NAME LOCATION ACTION

I*4 IMAX $LOCAL SET REF ARG

I*4 IOUT ECI REF
R*4 KORO INR REF
R*4 KORW INR REF
R*4 MUPPV ECS REF
I*4 NP1 ARG REF ARG
I*4 NP2 ARG REF ARG
I*4 TECH1 INR REF
I*4 TECH2 INR REF
R*4 XC ARG SET ARG REF
R*4 XDX $LOCAL SET ARG REF
R*4 YC1 ARG SET REF
R*4 YC2 ARG SET REF

ARRAYS REFERENCED

TYPE NAME LOCATION DIMENSIONS ACTION

R*4 DIFF $LOCAL (200) REF SET ARG

R*4 MUCI ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUCT ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUDB ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUFO ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUIN ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUOPC ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPB ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPG ECC (50) REF

106
R*4 MUPI ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPO ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPP ECC (50) REF
R*4 MURP ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUTR ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUVG ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUVI ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUVO ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUVW ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUWO ECC (50) REF
R*4 X1 ARG (200) REF
R*4 X2 ARG (200) REF
R*4 XD $LOCAL (200) REF SET ARG
R*4 Y1 ARG (200) REF ARG
R*4 Y2 ARG (200) REF ARG

5.16 SUBROUTINE CHMINJ

CALLED FROM : RESV

DESCRIPTION : DETERMINES CHEMICAL (SURFACTANT/CAUSTIC AND POLYMER) INJECTION

SCHEDULE FOR A PATTERN

SUBROUTINES CALLED : (NONE)

SCALARS REFERENCED

TYPE NAME LOCATION ACTION

R*4 BMB CALCS SET REF

R*4 BSL CALCS SET REF
R*4 CPOLY CALCS REF
I*4 ICAUST INR REF
R*4 KORO INR REF
R*4 KORW INR REF
R*4 MUPPV ECS REF
I*4 NYR CALCS REF
R*4 PFPV CALCS REF
R*4 QSS CALCS REF
I*4 TECH1 INR REF
I*4 TECH2 INR REF
R*4 VPMB INR REF
R*4 VPS CALCS REF
R*4 YSLUG $LOCAL SET REF

ARRAYS REFERENCED

TYPE NAME LOCATION DIMENSIONS ACTION

R*4 CUMIB OUT (200) SET

R*4 CUMIN OUT (200) SET
R*4 CUMIP OUT (200) SET
R*4 MUCI ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUCT ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUDB ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUFO ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUIN ECC (50) REF

107
R*4 MUOPC ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPB ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPG ECC (5'0) REF
R*4 MUPI ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPO ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPP ECC (50) REF
R*4 MURP ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUTR ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUVG ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUVI ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUVO ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUVW ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUWO ECC (50) REF

5.17 SUBROUTINE SDINT

CALLED FROM : CAPNO, CROSS,

DESCRIPTION : SINGLE DIMENSIONAL LINEAR INTERPOLATION

SUBROUTINES CALLED : (NONE)

SCALARS REFERENCED

TYPE NAME LOCATION ACTION

I*4 J $LOCAL SET REF

I*4 N ARG REF
R*4 XVAL ARG REF

ARRAYS REFERENCED

TYPE NAME LOCATION DIMENSIONS ACTION

R*4 XARG ARG (200) REF

R*4 YARG ARG (200) REF

5.18 SUBROUTINE OUTR

CALLED FROM : MAIN

DESCRIPTION : WRITES PATTERN PRODUCTION REPORT AND RECOVERY EFFICIENCY

SUMMARY

SUBROUTINES CALLED : (NONE)

SCALARS REFERENCED

TYPE NAME LOCATION ACTION

R*4 APAT INR REF

R*4- BSL CALCS SET REF
R*4 CAP CALCS REF
R*4 CM CALCS REF
R*4 CP INR REF
R*4 CPOLY CALCS REF
R*4 DA CALCS REF

108
R*4 DS CALCS REF
R*4 EA CALCS REF
R*4 ED CALCS REF
R*4 EFF CALCS REF
R*4 EMB CALCS REF
R*4 ER CALCS REF
R*4 EV CALCS REF
R*4 FCF CALCS REF
R*4 FFPV CALCS SET REF
R*4 FM CALCS REF
R*4 FOPK CALCS REF
R*4 FPV CALCS REF
R*4 FWB CALCS REF
R*4 KORO INR REF
R*4 KORW INR REF
R*4 MUPPV ECS REF
I*4 NYR CALCS REF
R*4 PFPV CALCS REF
R*4 QOPK CALCS REF
R*4 QSS CALCS REF
R*4 RL CALCS REF
R*4 RRTO CALCS SET REF
R*4 RTO CALCS REF
R*4 SOR CALCS REF
R*4 SWB CALCS REF
R*4 TDOBT CALCS REF
R*4 TDS CALCS REF
R*4 TDSW CALCS REF
I*4 TECH1 INR REF
R*4 TECH2 INR REF
R*4 TO CALCS REF
R*4 TOBT CALCS SET REF
R*4 TS CALCS SET REF
R*4 TSW CALCS SET REF
R*4 TTO CALCS SET REF
R*4 VDP INR REF
R*4 VELS CALCS REF
R*4 VOB CALCS REF
R*4 VPMB INR REF
R*4 VPS CALCS REP
R*4 VPSDS INR REF
R*4 XNPAT CALCS REF

ARRAYS REFERENCED

TYPE NAME LOCATION DIMENSIONS ACTION

R*4 CUMGS OUT (200) REF

R*4 CUMIP OUT (200) REF
R*4 CUMOS OUT (200) REF
R*4 CUMWS OUT (200) REF
R*4 MUCI ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUCT ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUDB ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUFO ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUIN ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUOPC ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPB ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPG ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPI ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPO ECC (50) REF

109
R*4 MUPP ECC (50) REF
R*4 MURP ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUTR ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUVG ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUVI ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUVO ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUVW ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUWO ECC (50) REF
R*4 PRGS OUT (200) REF
R*4 PROS OUT (200) REF
R*4 PRWS OUT (200) REF
R*4 TIMS OUT (200) REF

5.19 SUBROUTINE INEC

CALLED FROM : MAIN

DESCRIPTION : INPUTS ECONOMIC DATA, CHECKS FOR DEFAULTS, AND CALCULATES

PROJECT PERFORMANCE FROM PATTERN RESULTS

SUBROUTINES CALLED : TITLE - PRINTS HEADER WITH RELEASE NUMBER

SDINT - SINGLE DIMENSIONAL LINEAR INTERPOLATION
ECFTR - CALCULATES COST ADJUSTMENT FACTORS DUE TO
CHANGES IN OIL PRICE
CHEKE - DEFAULT CHECKING FOR ECONOMIC DATA
STCDE - GIVEN STATE ALPHA, COMPUTES STATE CODE, OR
GIVEN STATE CODE, COMPUTES STATE ALPHA

SCALARS REFERENCED

TYPE NAME LOCATION ACTION

R*4 AFAC $LOCAL SET REF

R*4 AOVH1 ECO REF
R*4 BPOW ECI SET REF
R*4 BTIM ECI SET REF
R*4 CCHM ECI SET REF
R*4 CEQP ECS REF
R*4 CGS $LOCAL SET REF
R*4 CINJ ECS REF
R*4 CIS $LOCAL SET REF
R*4 CNVT ECS REF
R*4 COS $LOCAL SET REF
R*4 COSTRT ECI SET REF
R*4 CP INR SET REF
R*4 CPBS $LOCAL SET REF
R*4 CPS $LOCAL SET REF
R*4 CREP ECS REF
R*4 CSCAP ECI SET REF
R*4 CSEC ECS REF
R*4 CWAT ECI SET REF
R*4 CWCAP ECI SET REF
R*4 DBTINT ECI SET REF
R*4 DECL ECI SET
R*4 DEPTH INR REF
R*4 DPP1 $LOCAL SET REF
R*4 DPP2 $LOCAL SET REF
R*4 DPP3 $LOCAL SET REF
R*4 DPP4 $LOCAL SET REF
R*4 DTIM ECI SET REF

110
R*4 EPHO ECI SET REF
R*4 ESCBP ECI REF
R*4 ESCCI ECI SET
R*4 ESCCT ECI SET
R*4 ESCFO ECI SET REF
R*4 ESCPG ECI SET REF
R*4 ESCPI ECI SET REF
R-4 ESCPO ECI SET REF
R*4 ESCTR ECI SET REF
R*4 ESCWI ECI SET REF
R*4 ESCWO ECI SET REF
R*4 ESCWT ECI SET REF
R*4 FACT ARG ARG
R*4 FCAU ARG ARG REF
R*4 FDC ARG ARG REF
R*4 FEQP ARG ARG REF
R*4 FOPR ARG ARG REF
R*4 FPLY ARG ARG REF
R*4 FSUR ARG ARG SET REF
R*4 FUEL ARG ARG
I*4 I2 $LOCAL SET REF
I*4 ICAUST INR REF
I*4 ICI $LOCAL SET
I*4 ICT $LOCAL SET
I*4 IDAT $LOCAL SET REF
I*4 IDEBT ECI SET REF
I*4 IDEP ECI SET REF
I*4 IDEVT $LOCAL SET REF
I*4 IDISC ECI SET REF
I*4 IDIST ECI SET REF
I*4 IFIT ECI SET REF
I*4 IOUT ECI SET REF
I*4 IPLIF ECI SET REF
I*4 ISO ECI SET REF
I*4 ISTATE ECI SET ARG
I*4 ITIM ARG ARG
I*4 J $LOCAL SET REF
I*4 JST $LOCAL ARG REF
R*4 KORO INR REF
R*4 KORW INR REF
I*4 LPAT $LOCAL SET REF
I*4 LSTRT $LOCAL SET REF
I*4 M ECI SET REF
R*4 MUPPV ECS REF
I*4 MYR ECI REF
I*4 NCI $LOCAL SET REF
I*4 NCT $LOCAL SET REF
I*4 NSEQ $LOCAL SET REF
I*4 NYPAID ECI SET REF
I*4 NYRRPY ECI SET REF
I*4 NZONE FLAGS REF
R*4 OILB ECI SET REF
R*4 OILC ECI SET REF
R*4 OILD $LOCAL SET REF
R*4 PCTDBT ECI SET REF
R*4 PRICEI ARG SET ARG
R*4 RMAX $LOCAL SET REF
I*4 TECH1 INR REF
I*4 TECH2 INR REF
R*4 UNCO ECI SET REF
R*4 WCAP ECI SET REF
R*4 WMAX $LOCAL SET ARG

111
R*4 WOCOST ECI SET REF
R*4 WOPCT $LOCAL SET REF
R*4 WPHO ECI SET REF
R*4 WPP1 ECI SET REF
R*4 WPP2 ECI SET REF
R*4 WPP3 ECI SET REF
R*4 WPP4 ECI SET REF
R*4 WTCOST ECI SET
R*4 XDR ECI SET REF
R*4 XFIT ECI SET REF
R*4 XINF ECI SET REF
R*4 XROY ECI SET REF
R*4 XSEV ECI SET REF
R*4 XSTX ECI SET REF
R*4 XTCR ECI SET REF
R*4 XWPT ECI SET REF
R*4 YR $LOCAL SET ARG

ARRAYS REFERENCED

TYPE NAME LOCATION DIMENSIONS ACTION

R*4 AINJ ECO (50) SET REF

R*4 AOVH ECO (50) SET
R*4 BPO ECI (50) SET
R*4 CICH ECI (50) SET
R*4 CICL ECI (50) SET
R*4 CICM ECI (50) SET REF
R*4 CIPH ECI (50) SET REF
R*4 CIPL ECI (50) SET REF
R*4 CIPM ECI (50) SET REF
R*4 CTCH ECI (50) SET
R*4 CTCL ECI (50) SET
R*4 CTCM ECI (50) SET REF
R*4 CTPH ECI (50) SET REF
R*4 CTPL ECI (50) SET REF
R*4 CTPM ECI (50) SET REF
R*4 CUMGS OUT (200) ARG
R*4 CUMIB OUT (200) ARG
R*4 CUMIN OUT (200) ARG
R*4 CUMIP OUT (200) ARG
R*4 CUMOS OUT (200) ARG
R*4 CUMWS OUT (200) ARG
R*4 DATE ECO (50) SET
R*4 FOCH ECI (50) SET REF
R*4 FOCL ECI (50) SET REF
R*4 FOCM ECI (50) SET REF
R*4 MUCI ECC (50) REF SET
R*4 MUCT ECC (50) REF SET
R*4 MUDB ECC (50) REF SET
R*4 MUFO ECC (50) REF SET
R*4 MUIN ECC (50) REF SET
R*4 MUOPC ECC (50) REF SET
R*4 MUPB ECC (50) REF SET
R*4 MUPG ECC (50) REF SET
R*4 MUPI ECC (50) REF SET
R*4 MUPO ECC (50) REF SET
R*4 MUPP ECC (50) REF SET
R*4 MURP ECC (50) REF SET
R*4 MUTR ECC (50) REF SET
R*4 MUVG ECC (50) REF SET

112
R*4 MUVI ECC (50) REF SET
R*4 MUVO ECC (50) REF SET
R*4 MUVW ECC (50) REF SET
R*4 MUWO ECC (50) REF SET
R*4 OILR ECI (50) SET REF
R*4 OPCH ECI (50) SET REF
R*4 OPCL ECI (505 SET REF
R*4 OPCM ECI (50) SET REF
R*4 PACY ECI (50) SET
R*4 PATI ECI (50) SET REF
R*4 PATIOX ECI (50) SET REF
R*4 PGH ECI (50) SET REF
R*4 PGL ECI (50), SET REF
R*4 PGM ECI (50) SET REF
R*4 PIH ECI (50) SET REF
R*4 PIL ECI (50) SET REF
R*4 PIM ECI (50) SET REF
R*4 POH ECI (50) SET REF
R*4 POL ECI (50) SET REF
R*4 POM ECI (50) SET REF
R*4 PPH ECI (50) SET REF
R*4 PPL ECI (50) SET REF
R*4 PPM ECI (50) SET REF
R*4 SIGFO ECC (50) SET
R*4 SIGOPC ECC (50) SET
R*4 SIGPG ECC (50) SET
R*4 SIGPI ECC (50) SET
R*4 SIGPO ECC (50) SET
R*4 SIGPP ECC (50) SET
R*4 SIGTR ECC (50) SET
R*4 SIGVO ECC (50) SET
R*4 SITRI ECC (50) SET
R*4 SITRT ECC (50) SET
R*4 TIMS OUT (200) ARG
R*4 TITL ECI (20) ARG
R*4 TRPH ECI (50) SET REF
R*4 TRPL ECI (50) SET REF
R*4 TRPM ECI (50) SET REF
R*4 VGM ECI (50) SET REF
R*4 VGP ECI (50) SET REF
R*4 VIM ECI (50) SET REF
R*4 VIP ECI (50) SET REF
R*4 VOH ECI (50) SET
R*4 VOL ECI (50) SET
R*4 VOM ECI (50) SET REF
R*4 VOP ECI (50) SET REF
R*4 VOS ECI (50) SET REF
R*4 VPB ECI (50) SET
R*4 VPBP ECI (50) SET REF
R*4 VPM ECI (50) SET REF
R*4 VPP ECI (50) SET REF
R*4 VWM ECI (50) SET REF
R*4 VWP ECI (50) SET REF
R*4 WO ECI (50) SET
R*4 WTC ECI (50) REF SET

5.20 SUBROUTINE STCDE

CALLED FROM : INEC

113
DESCRIPTION : GIVEN STATE ALPHA, COMPUTES STATE CODE, OR GIVEN STATE CODE,
COMPUTES STATE ALPHA

SUBROUTINES CALLED : (NONE)

SCALARS REFERENCED

TYPE NAME LOCATION ACTION

I*4 IST ARG REF SET

I*4 ST ARG REF SET

ARRAYS REFERENCED

TYPE NAME LOCATION DIMENSIONS ACTION

I*4 STATE $LOCAL (53) REF SET

5.21 SUBROUTINE CHEKE

CALLED FROM : INEC

DESCRIPTION : DEFAULT CHECKING FOR ECONOMIC DATA

SUBROUTINES CALLED SDINT - SINGLE DIMENSIONAL LINEAR INTERPOLATION

CIND - DEFINES DEFAULT VALUES FOR PROCESS INDEPENDENT
COST DATA

SCALARS REFERENCED

TYPE NAME LOCATION ACTION

R*4 AOVH1 ECO SET

R*4 API INR ARG
R*4 BPOW ECI SET REF
R*4 BTIM ECI SET REF
R*4 CAP CALCS SET REF
R*4 CDAO ECS REF
R*4 CEQP ECS REF
R*4 CINJ ECS REF
R*4 CIWO ECS REF
R*4 CNVT ECS REF
R*4 CREP ECS SET REF
R*4 CSEC ECS REF
R*4 DECL ECI SET REF
R*4 DTIM ECI REF SET
R*4 EPHO ECI SET
R*4 ESCBP ECI SET
R*4 ESCFO ECI SET
R*4 ESCPG ECI SET
R*4 ESCPI ECI SET
R*4 ESCPO ECI SET
R*4 ESCTR ECI SET
R*4 ESCWI ECI SET REF
R*4 ESCWO ECI SET
R*4 ESCWT ECI SET REF
R*4 FACTOR $LOCAL SET REF
I*4 ICAUST INR REF
I*4 IDEP ECI SET

114
I*4 ISO ECI REF
I*4 ISTATE ECI REF
R*4 KORO INR REF
R*4 KORW INR REF
I*4 M ECI REF
R*4 MUPPV ECS REF
I*4 MYR ECI SET REF
R*4 OILB ECI REF SET
R*4 OILC ECI SET REF
I*4 TECH1 INR REF
I*4 TECH2 INR REF
R*4 UNCO ECI SET
R*4 WCAP ECI SET
R*4 WMAX ARG ARG
R*4 WOCOST ECI SET
R*4 WPHO ECI SET
R*4 WPP1 ECI REF
R*4 WPP2 ECI REF
R*4 WPP3 ECI REF
R*4 WPP4 ECI REF
R*4 WTCOST ECI SET REF
R*4 XDR ECI SET
R*4 XFIT ECI SET
R*4 XINF ECI SET REF
R*4 XROY ECI SET
R*4 XSEV ECI SET
R*4 XSTX ECI SET
R*4 XTCR ECI SET

ARRAYS REFERENCED

TYPE NAME LOCATION DIMENSIONS ACTION

R*4 API1 $LOCAL (5) REF SET ARG

R*4 API2 $LOCAL (5) REF SET ARG
R*4 BPO ECI (50) SET
R*4 CIPH ECI (50) SET
R*4 CIPL ECI (50) SET
R*4 CIPM ECI (50) REF SET
R*4 CTPH ECI (50) SET
R*4 CTPL ECI (50) SET
R*4 CTPM ECI (50) REF SET
R*4 DATE ECO (50) SET
R*4 FOCH ECI (50) SET
R*4 FOCL ECI (50) SET
R*4 FOCM ECI (50) REF SET
R*4 MUCI ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUCT ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUDB ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUFO ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUIN ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUOPC ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPB ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPG ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPI ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPO ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPP ECC (50) REF
R*4 MURP ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUTR ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUVG ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUVI ECC (50) REF

115
R-4 MUVO ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUVW ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUWO ECC (50) REF
R*4 OILP1 $LOCAL (5) REF SET ARG
R*4 OILP2 $LOCAL (5) REF SET ARG
R*4 OPCH ECI (50) SET
R*4 OPCL ECI (50) SET
R*4 OPCM ECI (50) REF SET
R*4 PGH ECI (50) SET
R*4 PGL ECI (50) SET
R*4 PGM ECI (50) REF SET ARG
R*4 PIH ECI (50) SET
R*4 PIL ECI (50) SET
R*4 PIM ECI (50) REF SET
R*4 POH ECI (50) SET
R*4 POL ECI (50) SET
R*4 POM ECI (50) SET REP
R*4 PPH ECI (50) SET
R*4 PPL ECI (50) SET
R*4 PPM ECI (50) REF SET
R*4 TRPH ECI (50) SET
R*4 TRPL ECI (50) SET
R*4 TRPM ECI (50) REF SET
R*4 VOS ECI (50) SET
R*4 WTC ECI (50) SET

5.22 SUBROUTINE CIND

CALLED FROM : CHEKE

DESCRIPTION : DEFINES DEFAULT VALUES FOR PROCESS INDEPENDENT COST DATA

SUBROUTINES CALLED : (NONE)

SCALARS REFERENCED

TYPE NAME LOCATION ACTION

R*4 CDAO ECS SET

R*4 CEQP ECS SET
R*4 CINJ ECS SET
R*4 CIWO ECS SET
R*4 CNVT ECS SET
R*4 CREP ECS SET
R*4 CSEC ECS SET
R*4 DEPTH INR REF
I*4 IDIST ECI REF
I*4 ISTATE ECI REF
R*4 KORO INR REF
R*4 KORW INR REF
R*4 MUPPV ECS REF
R*4 PRGAS ARG REF
R*4 RATE ARG REF
I*4 TECH1 INR REF
I*4 TECH2 INR REF

ARRAYS REFERENCED

TYPE NAME LOCATION DIMENSIONS ACTION

116
R*4 MUCI ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUCT ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUDB ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUFO ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUIN ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUOPC ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPB ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPG ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPI ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPO ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPP ECC (50) REF
R*4 MURP ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUTR ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUVG ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUVI ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUVO ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUVW ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUWO ECC (50) REF

5.23 SUBROUTINE ECFTR

CALLED FROM : INEC

DESCRIPTION : CALCULATES COST ADJUSTMENT FACTORS DUE TO CHANGES IN OIL PRICE

SUBROUTINES CALLED : (NONE)

SCALARS REFERENCED

TYPE NAME LOCATION ACTION

R*4 FACT ARG SET REF

R*4 FCAU ARG SET
R*4 FDC ARG SET
R*4 FEQP ARG SET
R*4 FOPR ARG SET
R*4 FPLY ARG SET
R*4 FSUR ARG SET
R*4 FUEL ARG SET
I*4 ISTATE ARG REF
R*4 PRICE ARG REF

117
5.24 SUBROUTINE ECON

CALLED FROM : MAIN

DESCRIPTION : PERFORMS ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE PROJECT, CALCULATES ANNUAL

CASH FLOW (REVENUES, COSTS, AND TAXES), CALCULATES CAPITAL
DEPRECIATION, PRESENT VALUE, AND AFTER TAX DCFROR

SUBROUTINES CALLED : DCFROR - COMPUTES DCF RATE OF RETURN AND

INVESTMENT EFFICIENCY

SCALARS REFERENCED

TYPE NAME LOCATION ACTION

R*4 API INR REF

R*4 CC ECS SET REF
R*4 CCD $LOCAL SET REF
R*4 CFMAX $LOCAL SET REF
R*4 CIOR ECS SET
R*4 CNOIM $LOCAL SET REF
R*4 COSTRT ECI SET REF
R*4 CREC $LOCAL SET REF
R*4 CTXC $LOCAL SET REF
R*4 DBTINT ECI REF
R*4 DCFB ECS SET
R*4 DEPAMT $LOCAL SET REF
R*4 DNB ECS SET
R*4 DTIM ECI REF
R*4 EPHO ECI REF
R*4 FACT ARG REF
R*4 FDC ARG REF
R*4 FEQP ARG REF
R*4 FOPR ARG REF
R*4 FPLY ARG REF
R*4 FSUR ARG REF
I*4 IDEBT ECI REF
I*4 IDEP ECI REF
I*4 IDISC ECI REF
I*4 IDT $LOCAL SET REF
I*4 IFIT ECI REF
I*4 ILIF $LOCAL SET REF
I*4 IOUT ECI REF
I*4 IPAY $LOCAL SET REF
I*4 IPLIF ECI REF
I*4 ISTATE ECI REF
R*4 KORO INR REF
R*4 KORW INR REF
I*4 M ECI REF
I*4 MI $LOCAL SET REF
R*4 MUPPV ECS REF SET
I*4 MYR ECI REF SET
I*4 NYPAID ECI REF
I*4 NYRRPY ECI REF
R*4 OPCS $LOCAL SET REF
R*4 PAYOUT ECS SET
R*4 PCTDBT ECI REF
R*4 PKMISL $LOCAL SET
R*4 PLIFE ECS SET
R*4 ROR ECS SET
R*4 SINT ECS SET
R*4 SNOS ECS SET

118
R*4 SPRP ECS SET
R*4 SRPV ECS SET
R*4 SSEV ECS SET
R*4 SSIGFO $LOCAL SET REF
R*4 SSIGG $LOCAL SET REF
R*4 SSIGO $LOCAL SET REF
R*4 SSIGTR $LOCAL SET REF
R*4 SSITRI $LOCAL SET REF
R*4 SSITRT $LOCAL SET REF
R*4 STDDEV ECS SET
R*4 SUMCI ECS SET
R*4 SUMFO ECS SET
R*4 SUMIN ECS SET
R*4 SUMOH ECS SET
R*4 SUMOPC ECS SET
R*4 SUMP $LOCAL SET
R*4 SUMTO $LOCAL SET
R*4 SUMTR ECS SET
R*4 SUMVOM ECS SET REF
R*4 SUMWC ECS SET
R*4 SUMWO ECS SET
R*4 SUMWT ECS SET
R*4 SVGS ECS SET
R*4 SVIS ECS SET REF
R*4 SVON ECS SET
R*4 SVOS ECS SET
R*4 SVPS ECS SET
R*4 TCRED $LOCAL SET REF
I*4 TECH1 INR REF
I*4 TECH2 INR REF
R*4 TOTD ECS SET REF
R*4 UATP ECS SET
R*4 UCFB ECS SET
R*4 UFIT ECS SET
R*4 UINT ECS SET
R*4 ULOAN ECS SET
R*4 UNOS ECS SET
R*4 URPV ECS SET
R*4 USCI ECS SET
R*4 USEV ECS SET
R*4 USFO ECS SET
R*4 USIN ECS SET
R*4 USIT ECS SET
R*4 USOH ECS SET
R*4 USOPC ECS SET
R*4 USTC ECS SET
R*4 USTO ECS SET
R*4 USTR ECS SET
R*4 USWO ECS SET
R*4 USWT ECS SET
R*4 UWCAP ECS SET
R*4 UWPT ECS SET
R*4 WCAP ECI REF
R*4 WPHO ECI REF
R*4 XAQOR $LOCAL SET
R*4 XDR ECI REF
R*4 XFIT ECI REF
R*4 XINF ECI REF
R*4 XROY ECI REF
R*4 XSEV ECI REF
R*4 XSTX ECI REF
R*4 XTCR ECI REF

119
R*4 XWC $LOCAL SET REF
R*4 XWPT ECI REF
R*4 YC $LOCAL SET REF

ARRAYS REFERENCED

TYPE NAME LOCATION DIMENSIONS ACTION

R*4 ACAP ECO (50) SET REF

R*4 ACOST ECO (50) SET REF
R*4 ACRS $LOCAL (5, 3) REF SET
R*4 AFIT ECO (50) SET REF
R*4 AFOC ECO (50) SET REF
R*4 AFUEL ECO (50) SET
R*4 AINJ ECO (50) SET REF
R*4 ANET ECO (50) SET REF
R*4 ANOI ECO (50) SET REF
R*4 ANTI ECO (50) SET REF
R*4 AOVH ECO (50) SET REF
R*4 AQGR ECO (50) SET
R*4 AQIR ECO (50) SET
R*4 AQOR ECO (50) SET REF
R*4 AQWR ECO (50) SET
R*4 AREV ECO (50) SET REF
R*4 AREVG ECO (50) SET REF
R*4 AREVO ECO (50) SET REF
R*4 AROY ECO (50) SET REF
R*4 ARVWPT ECO (50) SET REF
R*4 ASEV ECO (50) SET REF
R*4 ASTX ECO (50) SET REF
R*4 ATPR ECO (50) SET REF
R*4 ATRC ECO (50) SET REF
R*4 AVOC ECO (50) SET REF
R*4 AWCP ECO (50) SET REF
R*4 AWPP ECO (50) SET REF
R*4 AWPT ECO (50) SET
R*4 AWTC ECO (50) SET REF
R*4 BPO ECI (50) REF
R*4 CDAT ECO (50) SET
R*4 CDBT ECO (50) SET
R*4 CFAT ECO (50) SET REF
R*4 CFBT ECO (50) SET
R*4 CICH ECI (50) REF
R*4 CICL ECI (50) REF
R*4 CICM ECI (50) REF
R*4 CNOI ECO (50) SET REF
R*4 CTCH ECI (50) REF
R*4 CTCL ECI (50) REF
R*4 CTCM ECI (50) REF
R*4 DATE ECO (50) REF
R*4 DCFAT ECO (50) SET REF
R*4 DCFBT ECO (50) SET REF
R*4 DEPS ECO (50) SET
R*4 FOCH ECI (50) REF
R*4 FOCL ECI (50) REF
R*4 FOCM ECI (50) REF
R*4 MUCI ECC (50) REF SET
R*4 MUCT ECC (50) REF SET
R*4 MUDB ECC (50) REF SET
R*4 MUFO ECC (50) REF SET
R*4 MUIN ECC (50) REF SET

120
R*4 MUOPC ECC (50) REF SET
R*4 MUPB ECC (50) REF SET
R*4 MUPG ECC (50) REF SET
R*4 MUPI ECC (50) REF SET
R*4 MUPO ECC (50) REF SET
R*4 MUPP ECC (50) REF SET
R*4 MURP ECC (50) REF SET
R*4 MUTR ECC (50) REF SET
R*4 MUVG ECC (50) REF SET
R*4 MUVI ECC (50) REF SET
R*4 MUVO ECC (50) REF SET
R*4 MUVW ECC (50) REF SET
R*4 MUWO ECC (50) REF SET
R*4 OILR ECI (50) REF
R*4 OPCH ECI (50) REF
R*4 OPCL ECI (50) REF
R-4 OPCM ECI (50) REF
R*4 PATI ECI (50) REF
R*4 PGH ECI (50) REF
R*4 PGL ECI (50) REF
R*4 PGM ECI (50) REF
R*4 PIH ECI (50) REF
R*4 PIL ECI (50) REF
R*4 PIM ECI (50) REF
R*4 POH ECI (50) REF
R*4 POL ECI (50) REF
R*4 POM ECI (50) REF
R*4 PPH ECI (50) REF
R*4 PPL ECI (50) REF
R*4 PPM ECI (50) REF
R*4 PVDF ECO (50) SET
R*4 SIGFO ECC (50) SET REF
R*4 SIGOPC ECC (50) SET REF
R*4 SIGPG ECC (50) SET REF
R*4 SIGPI ECC (50) SET
R*4 SIGPO ECC (50) SET REF
R*4 SIGPP ECC (50) SET
R*4 SIGTR ECC (50) SET REF
R*4 SIGVO ECC (50) SET REF
R*4 SITRI ECC (50) SET REF
R*4 SITRT ECC (50) SET REF
R*4 TRPH ECI (50) REF
R*4 TRPL ECI (50) REF
R*4 TRPM ECI (50) REF
R*4 TXCR ECO (50) SET REF
R*4 VGM ECI (50) REF
R*4 VGNET ECO (50) SET
R*4 VIM ECI (50) REF
R*4 VOH ECI (50) REF
R*4 VOL ECI (50) REF
R*4 VOM ECI (50) REF
R*4 VONET ECO (50) SET REF
R*4 VOSLD ECO (50) SET REF
R*4 VPB ECI (50) REF
R*4 VPM ECI (50) REF
R*4 VWM ECI (50) REF
R*4 WO ECI (50) REF
R*4 WTC ECI (50) REF

5.25 SUBROUTINE DCFROR

CALLED FROM : ECON

121
DESCRIPTION : COMPUTES DCF RATE OF RETURN AND INVESTMENT EFFICIENCY

SUBROUTINES CALLED : (NONE)

SCALARS REFERENCED

TYPE NAME LOCATION ACTION

R*4 COSTRT ECI REF

R*4 DCFATP $LOCAL SET REF
R*4 EFFINV ECS SET
I*4 IDISC ECI REF
I*4 IOUT ECI REF
R*4 KORO INR REF
R*4 KORW INR REF
R*4 MUPPV ECS REF
I*4 MYR ECI REF
R*4 ROR ECS SET REF
I*4 TECH1 INR REF
I*4 TECH2 INR REF
R*4 XDR ECI REF
R*4 XINF ECI REF
R*4 XINVES $LOCAL SET REF

ARRAYS REFERENCED

TYPE NAME LOCATION DIMENSIONS ACTION

R*4 ATPR ECO (50) REF

R*4 MUCI ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUCT ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUDB ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUFO ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUIN ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUOPC ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPB ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPG ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPI ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPO ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPP ECC (50) REF
R*4 MURP ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUTR ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUVG ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUVI ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUVO ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUVW ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUWO ECC (50) REF

122
5.26 SUBROUTINE OUTE

CALLED FROM : MAIN

DESCRIPTION : WRITES ECONOMIC ANALYSIS REPORTS

SUBROUTINES CALLED - TITLE - PRINTS HEADER WITH RELEASE NUMBER

SCALARS REFERENCED

TYPE NAME LOCATION ACTION

R*4 CC ECS REF

R*4 DCFB ECS REF
R*4 DNB ECS REF
R*4 EFFINV ECS REF
I*4 IDEBT ECI REF
I*4 IDSH $LOCAL SET REF
I*4 IOUT ECI REF
R*4 KORO INR REF
R*4 KORW INR REF
I*4 M ECI REF
R*4 MUPPV ECS REF
I*4 MYR ECI REF
R*4 PAYOUT ECS REF
R*4 PLIFE ECS REF
R*4 ROR ECS REF
R*4 SINT ECS REF
R*4 SNOS ECS REF
R*4 SRPV ECS REF
R*4 SSEV ECS REF
R*4 STDDEV ECS REF
R*4 SUMCI ECS REF
R*4 SUMFO ECS REF
R*4 SUMIN ECS REF
R*4 SUMOH ECS REF
R*4 SUMOPC ECS REF
R*4 SUMTR ECS REF
R*4 SUMWC ECS REF
R*4 SUMWO ECS REF
R*4 SUMWT ECS REF
R*4 SVGS ECS REF
R*4 SVIS ECS REF
R*4 SVON ECS REF
R*4 SVOS ECS REF
R*4 SVPS ECS REF
I*4 TECH1 INR REF
I*4 TECH2 INR REF
R*4 TOTD ECS REF
R*4 UATP ECS REF
R*4 UCFB ECS REF
R*4 UFIT ECS REF
R*4 UINT ECS REF
R*4 ULOAN ECS REF
R*4 UNOS ECS REF
R*4 URPV ECS REF
R*4 USCI ECS REF
R*4 USEV ECS REF
R*4 USFO ECS REF
R*4 USIN ECS REF
R*4 USIT ECS REF
R*4 USOH ECS REF

123
R*4 USOPC ECS REF
R*4 USTC ECS REF
R*4 USTR ECS REF
R*4 USWO ECS REF
R*4 USWT ECS REF
R*4 UWCAP ECS REF
R*4 UWPT ECS REF
R*4 XDR ECI REF
R*4 XINF ECI REF

ARRAYS REFERENCED

TYPE NAME LOCATION DIMENSIONS ACTION

R*4 ACAP ECO (50) REF

R*4 ACOST ECO (50) REF
R*4 AFIT ECO (50) REF
R*4 AFOC ECO (50) REF
R*4 AFUEL ECO (50) SET
R*4 AINJ ECO (50) REF
R*4 ANET ECO (50) REF
R*4 ANIP ECO (50) REF
R*4 ANOI ECO (50) REF
R*4 ANTI ECO (50) REF
R*4 AOVH ECO (50) REF
R*4 AQGR ECO (50) REF
R*4 AQOR ECO (50) REF
R*4 AQWR ECO (50) REF
R*4 AREV ECO (50) REF
R*4 AREVG ECO (50) REF
R*4 AREVO ECO (50) REF
R*4 AROY ECO (50) REF
R*4 ARVWPT ECO (50) REF
R*4 ASEV ECO (50) REF
R*4 ASTX ECO (50) REF
R*4 ATPR ECO (50) REF
R*4 ATRC ECO (50) REF
R*4 AVOC ECO (50) REF
R*4 AWCP ECO (50) REF
R*4 AWPP ECO (50) REF
R*4 AWPT ECO (50) REF
R*4 AWTC ECO (50) REF
R*4 BPO ECI (50) REF
R*4 CDAT ECO (50) REF
R*4 CDBT ECO (50) REF
R*4 CFAT ECO (50) REF
R*4 CFBT ECO (50) REF
R*4 CNOI ECO (50) REF
R*4 DATE ECO (50) REF
R*4 DCFAT ECO (50) REF
R*4 DCFBT ECO (50) REF
I*4 IDS1 $LOCAL (50) REF SET
I*4 IDS2 $LOCAL (50) REF SET
R*4 MUCI ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUCT ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUDB ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUFO ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUIN ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUOPC ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPB ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPG ECC (50) REF SET

124
R*4 MUPI ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUPO ECC (50) REF SET
R*4 MUPP ECC (50) REF
R*4 MURP ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUTR ECC (50) REF
R*4 MUVG ECC (50) REF SET
R*4 MUVI ECC (50) REF SET
R*4 MUVO ECC (50) REF SET
R*4 MUVW ECC (50) REF SET
R*4 MUWO ECC (50) REF
R*4 PVDF ECO (50) REF
R*4 TITL ECI (20) ARG
R*4 TXCR ECO (50) REF
R*4 VGNET ECO (50) REF
R*4 VONET ECO (50) REF
R*4 VPM ECI (50) SET REF

125
 SECTION 6
CFPM COMMON GLOSSARY

VARIABLES IN LABELED COMMON ARE DEFINED !N THIS SECTION. THERE IS NO BLANK COMMON
IN CFPM.

6.1 COMMON /INR/

TECH1 - TECHNICAL SCREENING ERROR FLAG FOR TEMPERATURE

TECH2 - TECHNICAL SCREENING ERROR FLAG FOR SALINITY
IR - SCRATCH FILE UNIT NUMBER FOR TEMPORARY INPUT STORAGE
IOUTR - NOT USED
IECON - CONTROLS ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
ICAUST - CONTROLS CAUSTIC OPTION
ILIT - LITHOLOGY INDICATOR
NPC - SWITCH FOR NPC MODIFICATIONS TO ORIGINAL CFPM
RNAM(20) - UP TO 80 ALPHA-NUMERIC CHARACTERS TO IDENTIFY RUN
TEMP - FORMATION TEMPERATURE, DEG. F
TMAX - MAXIMUM SCREEN TEMPERATURE, DEG. F
SALIN - RESERVOIR SALINITY, PPM TDS
SMAX - MAXIMUM SCREEN SALINITY, PPM TDS
OOIP - ORIGINAL OIL IN PLACE, MMSTB
COIL - CUMULATIVE OIL PRODUCED BY WATERFLOOD, MMSTB
FBW - FRACTION BOTTOM WATER
FGC - FRACTION GAS CAP
RS - SOLUTION GAS-OIL RATIO, SCF/STB
BOI - INITIAL OIL FORMATION VOLUME FACTOR, RB/STB
BOF - FLOOD OIL FORMATION VOLUME FACTOR, RB/STB
BWF - FLOOD WATER FORMATION VOLUME FACTOR, RB/STB
VISO - OIL VISCOSITY, CP
VISW - WATER VISCOSITY, CP
API - OIL GRAVITY, DEG. API
SGG - GAS SPECIFIC GRAVITY (W.R.T. AIR), FRACTION
SWC - CONNATE WATER-SATURATION
SORW - RESIDUAL OIL SATURATION TO WATER
KORW - WATER RELATIVE PERMEABILITY AT SORW
KORO - OIL RELATIVE PERMEABILITY AT SWC
XNO - OIL CURVE EXPONENT
XNW - WATER CURVE EXPONENT
SWS(21) - WATER SATURATION VALUES IN RELATIVE PERMEABILITY TABLE
FWS(21) - WATER FRACTIONAL FLOW VALUES IN RELATIVE PERMEABILITY TABLE
PHI - POROSITY, FRACTION
PERM - PERMEABILITY, MD
PAY - TOTAL NET THICKNESS, FT
VDP - DYKSTRA-PARSONS COEFFICIENT FOR VERTICAL PERMEABILITY
VARIATION, DIMENSIONLESS
DSIN - USER SPECIFIED SURFACTANT RETENTION, PV
WCLAY - WT FRACTION CLAY
VPMB - POLYMER SLUG SIZE, PV
XKVKH - RATIO OF VERTICAL TO HORIZONTAL PERMEABILITY
RHOR - ROCK DENSITY, G/ML
RHOS - SURFACTANT DENSITY, G/ML
CS - SURFACTANT CONCENTRATION IN SLUG, VOL. FR.
VPSDS - DIMENSIONLESS SURFACTANT SLUG SIZE, VPS/DS, PV/PV
DEPTH - DEPTH TO RESERVOIR, FT
A - WELL SPACING = APAT/2.0, ACRE
APAT - PATTERN AREA, ACRE
CP - INJECTIVITY COEFFICIENT, PSI/FT

126
6.2 COMMON /CALCS/

ICHK - ERROR FLAG FOR RESERVOIR DATA INPUT

NYR - PROJECT LIFE, YEAR
SOI - INITIAL OIL SATURATION
SOR - RESIDUAL OIL SATURATION TO WATERFLOOD
TO - TARGET OIL, STB
FPV - PROJECT FLOODABLE PORE VOLUME, RB
RATIO - NOT USED
ER - TERTIARY OIL RECOVERY EFFICIENCY
EA - AREAL SWEEP EFFICIENCY = 1.0
RTO - RECOVERABLE TARGET OIL, STB
EDIN - USER SPECIFIED 1-D DISPLACEMENT EFFICIENCY FROM LARGE SLUG
COREFLOOD
DS - SURFACTANT RETENTION, PV
VPS - SURFACTANT SLUG SIZE, PV
RPERM - RATIO OF REL PERM ENDPOINTS = KORW/KORO
CPOLY - INITIAL POLYMER CONCENTRATION IN POLYMER SLUG, PPM
B - CONSTANT IN EQUATION FOR CPOLY AS FUNCTION OF VISO/VISW
CMB - NOT USED
BSL - PATTERN SURFACTANT SLUG VOLUME, MBBL
BMB - VOLUME OF POLYMER SLUG REQUIRED FOR PATTERN, MBBL
CPLY1 - NPC ADJUSTMENT FACTOR FOR SURFACTANT VELOCITY, ALWAYS EQ. 0.5
CPLY2 - NPC ADJUSTMENT FACTOR FOR PEAK OIL CUT, ALWAYS EQ. 0.7
CAP - CAPILLARY NO. FOR 5-SPOT PATTERN, DIMENSIONLESS
WWCAP - EQUIVALENT CAPILLARY NO. FOR WATER WET ROCK, DIMENSIONLESS
DWWCAP - BOUNDING VALUES FOR WWCAP, DIMENSIONLESS
TCAP - = ALOG10(DWWCAP)
ED - 1-D OIL DISPLACEMENT EFFICIENCY
DA - TOTAL DEVELOPED AREA, ACRE
XNPAT - NUMBER OF EFFECTIVE PATTERNS
PFPV - PATTERN FLOODABLE PORE VOLUME, RB
RL - CROSSFLOW MIXING FACTOR, DIMENSIONLESS
TRL - EMPIRICAL FACTOR FOR ADJUSTMENT OF STEADY-STATE
INJ./PROD.RATE
EV - VERTICAL SWEEP EFFICIENCY
EMB - MOBILITY BUFFER (POLYMER) SWEEP EFFICIENCY
EMBO - CONSTANT IN EQN. FOR POLYMER SWEEP
EFF - EFFECTIVE MOBILITY RATIO, DIMENSIONLESS
FM - FLOW CAPACITY OF LAYER M
CM - STORAGE CAPACITY OF LAYER M
FCF - CROSSFLOW PERFORMANCE FACTOR, DIMENSIONLESS
VS - NOT USED
QD - NOT USED
PL - PATTERN LIFE, YR
VELS - DIMENSIONLESS SURFACTANT VELOCITY
VOB - DIMENSIONLESS OIL BANK VELOCITY
FWB - WATER FRACTIONAL FLOW IN BANK
SWB - WATER SATURATION IN BANK
FOB - STABILIZED OIL BANK FRACTIONAL FLOW
SOB - STABILIZED OIL BANK SATURATION
TDOBT - OIL BREAKTHROUGH PORE VOLUME, PV
TDS - PEAK RATE PORE VOLUME, PV
FFPRIM - FM EVAL AT DERIVATIVE OF FM WRT CM EQ TO EFF*VELS/VOB
CFPRIM - = (1.0/(VELS/VOB)**0.5 - 1.0)/(EFF-1.0)
FOPK - FRACTIONAL FLOW OF OIL AT PEAK
TDSW - SWEEPOUT PORE VOLUME, PV
QSS - STEADY STATE PATTERN RATE, RB/D
QOPK - PEAK OIL RATE, STB/D
TOBT - OIL BREAKTHROUGH TIME, YEAR
TS - PEAK OIL RATE TIME, YEAR
TSW - PATTERN LIFE, DAY

127
FFPV - PROJECT FLOODABLE PORE VOLUME, MMRB
TTO - PROJECT TARGET OIL, MMSTB
RRTO - TOTAL OIL RECOVERY, MMSTB
CCMB - NOT USED

6.3 COMMON /OUT/

PROS(200) - OIL PRODUCTION RATE PER PATTERN, STB/D

PRGS(200) - GAS PRODUCTION RATE PER PATTERN, MSCF/D
PRWS(200) - WATER PRODUCTION RATE PER PATTERN, STB/D
PRIS(200) - NOT USED
QPIS(200) - NOT USED
PVIN(200) - NOT USED
PVO(200) - NOT USED
PVG(200) - NOT USED
PVW(200) - NOT USED
PVIP(200) - NOT USED
CUMOS(200) - CUMULATIVE OIL PRODUCED PER PATTERN, MSTB
CUMGS(20C) - CUMULATIVE GAS PRODUCED PER PATTERN, MMSCF
CUMWS(200) - CUMULATIVE WATER PRODUCED PER PATTERN, MSTB
CUMIN(200) - CUMULATIVE SURFACTANT INJECTED PER PATTERN, MBBL
CUMII(200) - NOT USED
CUMIP(200) - CUMULATIVE POLYMER INJECTED PER PATTERN, MLB
CUMIB(200) - CUMULATIVE POLYMER SLUG INJECTED PER PATTERN, MBBL
EFFS(200) - NOT USED
RECS(200) - NOT USED
TIMS(200) - TIME, YEARS

6.4 COMMON /ECI/

M - NUMBER OF YEARS IN THE PROJECT (FOR ALL PATTERNS)

MYR - NUMBER OF YEARS OF PRODUCTION
IOUT - PRINT CONTROL FOR ECONOMIC CALCULATIONS
ISTATE - STATE CODE
IDIST - DISTRICT CODE (WITHIN A STATE)
IFIT - FEDERAL INCOME TAX CREDIT OPTION
IDISC - CONTROL FOR DISCOUNTING METHOD
IDEP - CONTROL FOR DEPRECIATION METHOD
IPLIF - CONTROL ON ECONOMIC LIFE
ISO - CONTROL FOR READING SECONDARY OIL VOLUMES
CCHM - CAPITAL FOR CHEMICAL HANDLING, M$
CSCAP - CAPACITY OF CHEMICAL PLANT, MMBBL/YR
CWAT - CAPITAL FOR WATER INJECTION PLANT, M$
CWCAP - CAPACITY OF WATER INJECTION PLANT, MMBBL/YR
WPHO - WINDFALL TAX BEGINNING PHASE OUT DATE
EPHO - WINDFALL TAX ENDING PHASE OUT DATE
BTIM - BASE TIME FOR PROJECT START
BPOW - BASE OIL PRICE AT START OF PROJECT FOR PURPOSES OF WPT
CALCULATIONS, $/BBL
PIPEL - NOT USED
PCAP - NOT USED
PDPM - NOT USED
PFOC - NOT USED
CPIPL - NOT USED
DTIM - INVESTMENT DEPRECIATION TIME, YEAR
WCAP - MONTHS OF WORKING CAPITAL, MONTHS
UNCO - OIL RATE UNCERTAINTY, FRACTION
COSTRT - PROJECT STARTUP COSTS, M$
XDR - MONETARY DISCOUNT RATE, FRACTION
XINF - INFLATION RATE, FRACTION

128
XROY - ROYALTY RATE, FRACTION
XSEV - SEVERANCE TAX RATE, FRACTION
XWPT - WINDFALL EXCISE TAX RATE, FRACTION
XFIT - FEDERAL INCOME TAX RATE, FRACTION
XTCR - INVESTMENT TAX CREDIT, FRACTION
XSTX - STATE INCOME TAX RATE, FRACTION
WOCOST - ANNUAL WELL WORKOVER COST PER PATTERN, M$
PCTDBT - PERCENT OF CAPITAL (TANGIBLE AND INTANGIBLE) COSTS
TO BE BORROWED, PERCENT
DBTINT - DEBT INTEREST RATE, PERCENT
NYRRPY - NUMBER OF YEARS BEFORE BEGINNING DEBT REPAYMENT
NYPAID - NUMBER OF YEARS BEFORE COMPLETING DEBT REPAYMENT
IDEBT - CONTROL ON DEBT CALCULATIONS
WTCOST - PRODUCED WATER TREATING COST, $/BBL
ESCPO - ESCALATION RATE OF OIL PRICE, FRACTION
ESCPG - ESCALATION RATE OF GAS PRICE, FRACTION
ESCPI - ESCALATION RATE OF CHEMICALS PRICE, FRACTION
ESCFO - ESCALATION RATE OF FIXED OPERATING COSTS, FRACTION
ESCTR - ESCALATION RATE OF CHEMICALS HANDLING COST, FRACTION
ESCCT - ESCALATION RATE OF TANGIBLE CAPITAL, FRACTION
ESCCI - ESCALATION RATE OF INTANGIBLE CAPITAL, FRACTION
ESCWO - ESCALATION RATE OF WELL WORKOVER COSTS, FRACTION
ESCWT - NOT USED
ESCWI - NOT USED
ESCBP - INFLATION RATE PLUS TWO PERCENT
WPP1 - NUMBER OF INJECTORS DRILLED PER PATTERN
WPP2 - NUMBER OF PRODUCERS DRILLED PER PATTERN
WPP3 - NUMBER OF PRIMARY PRODUCERS CONVERTED TO SECONDARY
PRODUCERS PER PATTERN
WPP4 - NUMBER OF EXISTING PRODUCERS CONVERTED TO INJECTORS PER
PATTERN
OILB - 1979 PROJECT BASE OIL RATE, MBBL/YR
OILC - CURRENT NON-TERTIARY PROJECT OIL RATE, MBBL/YR
DECL - ANNUAL OIL PRODUCTION DECLINE RATE, FRACTION
OILR(50) - OIL RELEASED, BBL
VOS(50) - VOLUME OF SECONDARY OIL PRODUCED PER PATTERN, MBBL/YR
POL(50) - OIL PRICE, LOW, $/BBL
POM(50) - OIL PRICE, MOST LIKELY, $/BBL
POH(50) - OIL PRICE, HIGH, $/BBL
PIL(50) - SURFACTANT (CAUSTIC) PRICE, LOW, $/BBL
PIM(50) - SURFACTANT (CAUSTIC) PRICE, MOST LIKELY, $/BBL
PIH(50) - SURFACTANT (CAUSTIC) PRICE, HIGH, $/BBL
PPL(50) - POLYMER PRICE, LOW, $/LB
PPM(50) - POLYMER PRICE, MOST LIKELY, $/LB
PPH(50) - POLYMER PRICE, HIGH, $/LB
FOCL(50) - FIXED OPERATING COST PER PATTERN, LOW, $/YR
FOCM(50) - FIXED OPERATING COST PER PATTERN, MOST LIKELY, $/YR
FOCH(50) - FIXED OPERATING COST PER PATTERN, HIGH, $/YR
OPCL(50) - VARIABLE OPERATING COST, LOW, $/BBL OIL PRODUCED
OPCM(50) - VARIABLE OPERATING COST, MOST LIKELY, $/BBL OIL PRODUCED
OPCH(50) - VARIABLE OPERATING COST, HIGH, $/BBL OIL PRODUCED
TRPL(50) - CHEMICAL HANDLING COST, LOW, $/BBL
TRPM(50) - CHEMICAL HANDLING COST, MOST LIKELY, $/BBL
TRPH(50) - CHEMICAL HANDLING COST, HIGH, $/BBL
PGL(50) - GAS PRICE, LOW, $/MSCF
PGM(50) - GAS PRICE, MOST LIKELY, $/MSCF
PGH(50) - GAS PRICE, HIGH, $/MSCF
CTPL(50) - TANGIBLE CAPITAL COSTS PER PATTERN, LOW, $
CTPM(50) - TANGIBLE CAPITAL COSTS PER PATTERN, MOST LIKELY, $
CTPH(50) - TANGIBLE CAPITAL COSTS PER PATTERN, HIGH, $
CIPL(50) - INTANGIBLE CAPITAL COSTS PER PATTERN, LOW, $
CIPM(50) - INTANGIBLE CAPITAL COSTS PER PATTERN, MOST LIKELY, $

129
CIPH(50) - INTANGIBLE CAPITAL COSTS PER PATTERN, HIGH, $
CTCL(50) - TANGIBLE CAPITAL COSTS FOR PROJECT , LOW, $
CTCM(50) - TANGIBLE CAPITAL COSTS FOR PROJECT , MOST-LIKELY, $
CTCH(50) - TANGIBLE CAPITAL COSTS FOR PROJECT , HIGH, $
CICL(50) - INTANGIBLE CAPITAL COSTS FOR PROJECT, LOW, $
CICM(50) - INTANGIBLE CAPITAL COSTS FOR PROJECT, MOST-LIKELY, $
CICH(50) - INTANGIBLE CAPITAL COSTS FOR PROJECT, HIGH, $
VOL(SO) - OIL PRODUCTION FOR PROJECT, LOW , STB/YR
VOM(50) - OIL PRODUCTION FOR PROJECT, MOST-LIKELY , STB/YR
VOH(SO) - OIL PRODUCTION FOR PROJECT, HIGH , STB/YR
WO(50) - WELL WORKOVER COST PER PATTERN, $/YR
BPO(50) - BASE PRICE OF OIL FOR WPT , $/BBL
WTC(50) - PRODUCED WATER TREATING COST FOR PROJECT , $/BBL
PACY(50) - NOT USED
VGM(50) - GAS PRODUCED FOR PROJECT, MOST LIKELY, MMSCF/YR
VWM(50) - WATER PRODUCED FOR PROJECT, MOST LIKELY, STB/YR
VIM(SO) - SURFACTANT INJECTED, MOST LIKELY, MMLB/YR
VPM(50) - POLYMER INJECTED FOR PROJECT, MOST-LIKELY, MBBL
VPB(50) - WATER INJECTED FOR PROJECT, MOST-LIKELY, MBBL
TITL(20) - UP TO 80 ALPHA-NUMERIC CHARACTERS TO IDENTIFY RUN
PATIOX(50) - NOT USED
VOP(50) - VOLUME OIL PRODUCED, MBBL/YR/PATTERN
VGP(SO) - VOLUME GAS PRODUCED, MMSCF/YR/PATTERN
VWP(SO) - VOLUME WATER PRODUCED, MBBL/YR/PATTERN
VIP(50) - VOLUME SURFACTANT (CAUSTIC) SLUG INJECTED, MBBL/YR/PATTERN
VPP(50) - AMOUNT OF POLYMER INJECTED, MLB/YR/PATTERN
VPBP(50) - VOLUME OF POLYMER SLUG INJECTED, MBBL/YR/PATTERN
PATI(50) - NUMBER OF PATTERNS INITIATED EACH YEAR OF THE PROJECT

6.5 COMMON /ECC/

MUVO(50) - MEAN OIL VOLUME, BBL

MUVG(50) - MEAN GAS VOLUME, MMSCF
MUVW(50) - MM WATER VOLUME, BBL
MUVI(50) - MEAN INJECTED SURFACTANT (CAUSTIC) SLUG VOLUME, BBL
MUPO(50) - MEAN OIL PRICE, MM$/BBL
MUPG(50) - MEAN GAS PRICE, MM$/MSCF
MUPI(50) - MEAN SURFACTANT (CAUSTIC) SLUG PRICE, MM$/BBL
MUPP(50) - MEAN POLYMER PRICE, MM$/LB
MUWO(50) - MEAN WELL WORKOVER COST, MM$
MUFO(50) - MEAN FIXED OPERATING COST, MM$/YR
MUOPC(50) - MEAN VARIABLE OPERATING COST, MM$/BBL OIL PROD
MUTR(50) - MEAN CHEMICALS HANDLING AND TREATING COST, MM$/LBM
MUCT(50) - MEAN TANGIBLE CAPITAL, M$
MUCI(50) - MEAN INTANGIBLE CAPITAL, MM$
MUDB(SO) - MEAN DEBT ADDED, MM$
MURP(50) - MEAN PRINCIPAL REPAYMENT, MM$
MUIN(50) - MEAN INTEREST PAYMENT, MM$
MUPB(50) - MEAN PRINCIPAL BALANCE AT END OF YEAR (AFTER PRINCIPAL PAYMENT),
MM$
SIGVO(50) - OIL VOLUME VARIANCE, STB/YR
SIGPO(50) - OIL PRICE VARIANCE, MM$/BBL
SIGPG(50) - GAS PRICE VARIANCE, MM$/MSCF
SIGPI(50) - SURFACTANT (CAUSTIC) SLUG PRICE VARIANCE, $MM/YR
SIGFO(50) - FIXED OPERATING COST VARIANCE, MM$/YR
SIGTR(50) - CHEMICALS HANDLING AND TREATING COST, MM$/YR
SITRT(50) - TANGIBLE CAPITAL VARIANCE, MM$/YR
SITRI(50) - INTANGIBLE CAPITAL VARIANCE, MM$/YR
SIGOPC(50) - VARIABLE OPERATING COST VARIANCE, MM$/BBL OIL PRODUCED
SIGPP(50) - POLYMER PRICE VARIANCE, MM$/LB

130
6.6 COMMON /ECS/

SUMVOM - TOTAL OIL PRODUCED, MBBL

CIOR - NOT USED
TOTD - TOTAL TANGIBLE CAPITAL, PRESENT VALUE (DISCOUNTED), MM$
SUMCI - TOTAL INTANGIBLE CAPITAL, PRESENT VALUE (DISCOUNTED), MM$
SVOS - TOTAL GROSS OIL SOLD, MBBL (DISCOUNTED)
SVGS - TOTAL GROSS GAS SOLD, MMSCF (DISCOUNTED)
SVIS - TOTAL SURF. (CAUSTIC) SLUG PURCHASED, MMBL (DISCOUNTED)
SVPS - TOTAL POLYMER PURCHASED, MMLB (DISCOUNTED)
SUMWT - TOTAL PRODUCED WATER TREATING COST, PRESENT VALUE
(DISCOUNTED), MM$
SINT - TOTAL DEBT INTEREST COST, PRESENT VALUE (DISCOUNTED), MM$
SPRP - TOTAL PRINCIPAL REPAYMENT, PRESENT VALUE (DISCOUNTED), MM$
CINJ - COST OF DRILLING AND COMPLETION FOR AN INJECTION WELL $/WELL)
CEQP - COST TO EQUIP NEW PRODUCING WELL ($/NEW PRODUCER)
CSEC - COST OF ADDITIONAL SECONDARY PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT FOR A
PRIMARY WELL CONVERTED TO A SECONDARY, $/WELL
CNVT - COST TO CONVERT AN EXISTING PRODUCER TO AN INJECTION WELL,
$/CONVERTED WELL
CREP - COST TO UPGRADE SURFACE PROCESSING EQUIPMENT- AND LEASE
FACILITIES FOR SECONDARY RECOVERY OPERATIONS, $/PRODUCING WELL
CDAO - DIRECT ANNUAL OPERATING COSTS FOR SECONDARY RECOVERY
OPERATIONS, $/PRODUCING WELL/YR
CIWO - ADDITIONAL ANNUAL OPERATING COSTS FOR OFFSHORE WATER
INJECTION, $/YR
URPV - TOTAL GROSS REVENUE (UNDISCOUNTED), MM$
UNOS - TOTAL NET OIL SALES (UNDISCOUNTED), MM$
USEV - TOTAL SEVERANCE TAX (UNDISCOUNTED), MM$
USFO - TOTAL FIXED OPERATING COST (UNDISCOUNTED), MM$
USOPC - TOTAL VARIABLE OPERATING COST (UNDISCOUNTED), MM$
USTR - TOTAL CHEMICALS HANDLING/TREATING COST, (UNDISCOUNTED) MM$
USWO - TOTAL WELL WORKOVER COST (UNDISCOUNTED), MM$
USTO - TOTAL OPERATING COST, VARIABLE + FIXED (UNDISCOUNTED), MM$
USIN - TOTAL SURFACTANT (CAUSTIC) PURCHASE COST, (UNDISCOUNTED) MM$
USWT - TOTAL PRODUCED WATER TREATING COST (UNDISCOUNTED), MM$
UWCAP - TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL (UNDISCOUNTED), MM$
USTC - TOTAL TANGIBLE CAPITAL (UNDISCOUNTED), MM$
USCI - TOTAL INTANGIBLE CAPITAL (UNDISCOUNTED), MM$
USTI - TOTAL TECHNICIAN AND INSTRUMENT COST (UNDISCOUNTED), MM$
UCFB - TOTAL CASH FLOW BEFORE TAX (UNDISCOUNTED), MM$
UWPT - TOTAL WINDFALL PROFIT TAX (UNDISCOUNTED), MM$
USIT - TOTAL STATE INCOME TAX (UNDISCOUNTED), MM$
UFIT - TOTAL FEDERAL INCOME TAX (UNDISCOUNTED), MM$
UATP - TOTAL AFTER TAX PROFIT (UNDISCOUNTED), MM$
UINT - TOTAL INTEREST COST (UNDISCOUNTED), MM$
ULOAN - TOTAL PRINCIPAL REPAYMENT (UNDISCOUNTED), MM$
USOH - TOTAL OVERHEAD COST (UNDISCOUNTED), MM$
SUMOH - TOTAL OVERHEAD COST, PRESENT VALUE (DISCOUNTED), MM$
SRPV - TOTAL REVENUE, PRESENT VALUE (DISCOUNTED), MM$
SNOS - TOTAL NET OIL SALES, PRESENT VALUE (DISCOUNTED), MM$
SSEV - TOTAL SEVERANCE TAX, PRESENT VALUE (DISCOUNTED), MM$
SUMFO - TOTAL FIXED OPERATING COST, PRESENT VALUE (DISCOUNTED), MM$
SUMOPC - TOTAL VARIABLE OPERATING COST, PRESENT VALUE (DISCOUNTED), MM$
SUMTR - TOTAL CHEMICALS HANDLING COST, PRESENT VALUE (DISCOUNTED) MM$
SUMWO - TOTAL WELL WORKOVER COST, PRESENT VALUE (DISCOUNTED), MM$
DCFB - TOTAL DISCOUNTED CASH FLOW BEFORE TAX, MM$
EFFINV - MEAN INVESTMENT EFFICIENCY = RATIO OF SUM OF POSITIVE
DISCOUNTED CASH FLOWS TO ABSOLUTE VALUE OF SUM OF NEGATIVE
DISCOUNTED CASH FLOWS
MUPPV - MEAN DISCOUNTED CASH FLOW , MM$

131
STDDEV - STANDARD DEVIATION OF THE MEAN DISCOUNTED CASH FLOW, MM$
PAYOUT - TIME AT WHICH AFTER TAX DISCOUNTED CASH FLOW = 0, YEARS
PLIFE - PROJECT ECONOMIC LIFE, YEARS
ROR - MM DCF RATE OF RETURN, PERCENT
CC - PRESENT VALUE RATE=(1.+XINF)*(1.+XDR)-1.
SUMIN - NOT USED
SUMWC - TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL, PRESENT VALUE (DISCOUNTED), MM$
DNB - PRESENT VALUE OF NET OIL SOLD (DISCOUNTED), MBBL
SVON - CUMULATIVE NET OIL SOLD, MBBL

6.7 COMMON /ECO/

DATE(50) - DATE, YEAR

VOSLD(50) - ANNUAL VOLUME OF OIL SOLD, MBBL
VONET(50) - ANNUAL NET OIL SOLD (LESS ROYALTY), MBBL
AFUEL(50) - NOT USED
VGNET(50) - ANNUAL NET GAS SOLD.(LESS ROYALTY), MMSCF
AREVO(50) - ANNUAL GROSS OIL REVENUE, MM$
AREVG(50) - ANNUAL GROSS GAS REVENUE, MM$
ARVWPT(50) - ANNUAL RELEASED OIL REVENUE, MM$
AREV(50) - ANNUAL GROSS REVENUE, MM$
AOVH(50) - ANNUAL OVERHEAD, MM$
AOVH1 - ANNUAL OVERHEAD ON DRILLING AND COMPLETION, MM$
AROY(50) - ANNUAL ROYALTY, MM$
ANET(50) - ANNUAL NET REVENUE (LESS ROYALTY), MM$
ASEV(50) - ANNUAL SEVERANCE TAX, MM$
AWTC(50) - ANNUAL PRODUCED WATER TREATING COST, MM$
AINJ(50) - ANNUAL CHEMICALS PURCHASE COST, MM$
AFOC(50) - ANNUAL FIXED OPERATING COST, MM$
AVOC(50) - ANNUAL VARIABLE OPERATING COST, MM$
ATRC(50) - ANNUAL CHEMICALS HANDLING AND TREATING COST, MM$
ACOST(50) - ANNUAL TOTAL OPERATING COST, MM$
ACAP(50) - ANNUAL INTANGIBLES AND DEPRECIATION, MM$
AWPP(50) - ANNUAL WINDFALL PRICE DIFFERENCE, $/BBL
ANIP(50) - ANNUAL NET INCOME LIMITATION ON WINDFALL PRICE DIFFERENCE, $/BBL
TXCR(SO) - ANNUAL INVESTMENT TAX CREDIT, MM$
DEPS(50) - ANNUAL DEPRECIATION, MM$
AWCP(50) - ANNUAL WORKING CAPITAL, MM$
AQOR(50) - OIL PRODUCTION RATE, BBL/D
AQGR(50) - GAS PRODUCTION RATE, MSCF/D
AQWR(SO) - WATER PRODUCTION RATE, BBL/D
AQIR(50) - NOT USED
ANOI(50) - ANNUAL NET OPERATING INCOME BEFORE WPT AND FIT, MM$
AWPT(50) - ANNUAL WINDFALL PROFIT TAX, MM$
ASTX(50) - ANNUAL STATE INCOME TAX, MM$
ANTI(50) - ANNUAL NET TAXABLE INCOME, MM$
AFIT(50) - ANNUAL FEDERAL INCOME TAX, MM$
ATPR(50) - ANNUAL AFTER TAX CASH FLOW , MM$
CFBT(50) - CUMULATIVE CASH FLOW BEFORE TAX, MM$
CDBT(50) - CUMULATIVE CASH FLOW BEFORE TAX WITH CONSTANT DOLLARS, MM$
DCFBT(50) - CUMULATIVE DISCOUNTED CASH FLOW BEFORE TAX, MM$
CNOI(50) - CUMULATIVE NET OPERATING INCOME, MM$
CFAT(50) - CUMULATIVE CASH FLOW AFTER TAX, MM$
CDAT(50) - CUMULATIVE CASH FLOW AFTER TAX WITH CONSTANT DOLLARS, MM$
DCFAT(50) - CUMULATIVE DISCOUNTED CASH FLOW AFTER TAX, MM$
PVDF(50) - PRESENT VALUE FACTOR=1./(1.+CC)**(I-1)

132
 SECTION 7
REFERENCES

American Petroleum Institute: Secondary Recovery of Oil in the United States, 2nd Ed. (1950).

Beggs, H.D. and Robinson, J.E.: Estimating the Viscosity of Crude Oil Systems,: J. Pet. Tech. (Sept.
1975), 1140-1141.

Boneau, D.F. and Clampitt, R.L.: A Surfactant System for the Oil Wet Sandstone of the North Burbank
Unit, J. Pet. Tech. (May 1977), 491-500

Bragg, J.R.; Gale, W.W.; McElhannon, W.A., Jr.; Davenport, O.W.; Petrichuck, M.D.; and Ashcraft, T.L.:
Louden Surfactant Flood Pilot Test, paper SPE 10862, 1982 SPE/DOE Third Joint Symposium
Enhanced Oil Recovery, Tulsa, April 4-7.

Capen, E.C., Clapp, R.V., and Phelps, W.W.: Growth Rate - A Rate-of-Return Measure of Investment
Efficiency, J. Pet. Tech. (May 1976) 531-543.

Davidson, L.B. and Cooper, D.O.: A Simple Way of Developing a Probability Distribution of Present Value,:
J. Pet. Tech, Sept. 1976) 1069-1078.

Department of Energy: Selection of Reservoirs Amendable to Micellar Flooding,

Report DOE/BC 00048-20 (Dec. 1980).

Department of Energy: Selection of Reservoirs Amendable to Micellar Flooding - Final Report

Report DOE/BC 00048-20 & 00051-29 (August 1983).

Dykstra, H. and Parsons, R.L.: The Prediction of Oil Recovery by Waterflood, in Secondary Recovery of
Oil in the United States, 2nd Ed., American Petroleum Institute (1950) 160-174.

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