Posology is the study of Law of dosage.

Dose is defined as the least quantity of substance required to affect a change

in nature. General laws applied in posology.

1) The Law of Dosage

The curative dose, like the remedy, must be similar in quantity and quality to
the dose of the morbid agent, which caused the disease.

2) The Law of Quantity and Dose

The quantity of the drug required is in inverse ratio to the similarity.

3) The Law of Quantity

The quantity of action necessary to effect any change in nature is the least
possible. The decisive amount is always a minimum, an infinitesimal.

4) The Law of Quality

The quality of the action of a homoeopathic remedy is determined by its

quality, in the inverse ratio.

5) The Law of Use

The dose and quantity that will thoroughly permeate the organism and make
its essential impress upon the vital force is that which will affect the
functional sphere of the individual.

6) The Law of Repetition (for proving)

Never repeat dose while symptoms manifest from dose already taken.

7) The Law of Repetition (for cure)

Never repeat your remedy so long as it continues to act.

In medical parlance dose could be defined as the quantity of particular
medicine administered to a particular individual at a time.

Types of doses
1) Physiological dose

A dose of drug empirically selected of sufficient quantity and strength so as

to produce predetermined effect or a group of symptoms.

For e.g. physiological dose of belladonna is one which is sufficient to produce

dilatation of pupil, dryness of mucus membrane ,flushing and turgescence of
skin. This is the quantity of medicine,which could be administered safely.

2) Pathological dose

Quantity of medicine capable of producing pathological change in the tissues

of the organism i.e. bio-chemical changes, biophysical changes.

3) Toxic dose Dose which produces toxic effects upon the organism.

4) Lethal Dose Dose which produces deleterious effect upon the organism
even death.

5) Therapeutic Dose Least quantity of medicine required to affect a cure or

palliation.

6) Minimum Dose Minimum dose which is otherwise known as sub

physiological or homoeopathic dose, can be defined as the quantity of
medicine required to produce a scarcely perceptible homoeopathic
aggravation. According to Stuart Close minimum dose is a dose which is not
capable of producing symptoms when use therapeutically. Minimum dose is
also known as the infinitesimal dose.
Homoeopathic posology is the study of infinitesimal dose.

It involves:-

Study of the preparation of infinitesimal dose.

Application of infinitesimal dose.

Study of repetition of the dose.

I) Study of preparation of remedies

Study of preparation of remedies is called pharmacoproxy.

Mode of preparation of medicines includes

Decimal scale

Centesimal scale

50 Millesimal scale

Korsakavian method

Mixed Hahnemanian & Korsakavian method

Jenichens potencies

Finckes method

Skiners method

Q-potency
1) Decimal Scale:

Dr.Herring introduced decimal scale. Here 1 part by weight of crude drug is

taken and mixed with 9 part by weight of sugar of milk and is subjected to
the process of titration for 1 hour.

OR 1 part of drug is succssed with 9 part of alcohol to give the 1st potency.

2) Centesimal Scale

Centesimal Scale was put forward by Hahmemann. Here one part by weight
of crude drug is taken with 99 parts by weight of sugar of milk and is
triturated for one hour to get the first potency.

OR 1 part of drug is succussed with 99 parts of alcohol to give the 1st

potency.

3) Millesimal Scale

Hahnemann introduced this scale in his 6th edition of Organon 270.

Triturate up to 3c. Then take 100mg of 3c and add to it 50 ml of a mixture of

purified water with alcohol. (1 part of alcohol + 4 parts of purified water).
This is the mother solution.

Pour 1 part of mother solution to 100 parts of dispensing alcohol and give
100 succussions. This is the first fifty-milliesimal potency denoted as 0/1.

4) Korsakovian Method

a) Korsakovian method is a single phial system based on the following

principle :When one empty a phial there remains one drop of the medicinal
solution adhered to the walls of the phial and to this drop adherent to the
walls alcohol is again added .Then succussion is carried out, this makes the
next potency.
b) One globule, which is medicated when put in a bottle of non-medicated
globules, will communicate the medicinal properties to it via a process of
infection.

5) Mixed Hahnemannian and Korsakovian method

Begin with Hahnemannian mode of preparation up to 6c or 30c. Then use the

single phial method.

6) Jennichens potencies

As much vehicle as required to prepare 30th dilution is taken. Then one drop
of mother tincture is put into it, 10 succussion given will raise the potency to
1stdilution. Sufficient succussion is given continuously for a long time until
the desired potency is reached.

7) Finckes method

One hundred drops of drug substance is taken in a glass jug and a stream of
distilled water is allowed to flow through the same. For every dram of water
entering in and coming out of the vessel, Fincke would count it as one
potency. Thus for 100 drams of water entering and coming out of the vessel
would raise the potency of containing drug substance to 100.

8) Skinners Method

Skinner developed a method of potentisation which was somewhat similar to

Finckes method.
9) Q- potency

Q-potency is the term used to designate 50 Millesimal potency .

2. Application of infinitesimal dose

Application of infinitesimal dose involves the study of

a) Selection of potency & dose

b) Route of administration of remedy

c) Notion of quantity

d) Notion of quality

a) Selection of Potency & dose

For determining the potency and dose one should assess the susceptibility of
the patient. While assessing susceptibility one should bare in mind the
modifying factors like age, habits, environment, pathological conditions, seat
character & intensity of disease and previous abuse of medicine.

Susceptibility can also be assessed by Jahrs law.

1) Age:

Susceptibility is greatest in young vigorous persons and in children and it

diminishes with age. Children are particularly sensitive during development
and most sensitive organs are those, which are being developed. So children
respond more to higher potencies.
2) Constitution and temperament

High potencies are adapted to nervous, sanguine choleric temperament, to

intelligent, intellectual persons, quick to act and react and to zealous and
impulsive patients.

Lower potencies and more frequent dose correspond to torpid and

phlegmatic individuals, coarse fibred, sluggish individuals of gross habits and
to those of great muscular power who require powerful stimuli to excite
them.

3) Habit and environment

Susceptibility is increased by intellectual occupation, by long sleep and

effeminate life. Therefore potencies are required for them. Persons exposed
to continuous influence of drugs such as tobacco workers and dealers,
distillers, brewers, all connected to liquor and tobacco trade, druggist,
perfumes, chemical workers etc. are less susceptible and require low
potencies. Idiots, imbeciles, deaf & dumb have low susceptibility hence
require low potencies.

4) Pathological Conditions

In certain terminal conditions the power of organism to react even to

indicate homoeopathic remedy is low so material doses will be needed. This
may be due to existence of gross pathological lesions, long existent
exhausting chronic disease or much previous treatment. If the grade of
disease is low, the power of reaction is low; the remedy must be given in low
potencies.

5) Seat, character and intensity of disease

In certain malignant rapidly fatal diseases like Cholera, the susceptibility is

low, so it requires material doses or low potencies. Disease characterized by
diminished vital activity , torpor, collapse and deficient vital reaction require
low potencies and those with increased vital action requires high potencies.

6) Previous abuse of medicines

Due to this we may find that the patient is not al all sensitive even to the
indicated remedy. Then all medication has to be ceased for few days. Then
carefully regulate the diet and regimen.

Hahnemann recommends the administration of opium in one of the lowest

potencies every 8th or 12th hour until some signs of reaction are perceptible.
By this means susceptibility is increased and new symptoms of disease are
brought to light. Carbo Veg, Lauro, Sulph and Thuja are other remedies,
which serve to arouse the organism to reaction so that indicated remedies
will act.

Jahrs Law

The more similar the remedy, the more clearly and positively the symptoms
of the patient, take on the peculiar and characteristic form of the remedy,
the greater is the susceptibility to that remedy and higher is the potency
required.

The practical bearing of this on the selection of potency and dose is that in
a given case where the symptoms are not clearly developed and there is
absence or scarcity of characteristic features or when 2 or 3 remedies seem
to be equally indication, susceptibility and reaction may be regarded as low.
But when the symptoms of the case clearly indicate one remedy, whose
characteristic symptoms correspond to the characteristic symptoms of the
case, we give high potencies.

Stuart Close modified Jahrs advice by saying the clearer and more positive
the finer, more peculiar and more characteristic symptoms of the remedy
appear in a case the higher the degree of susceptibility and the higher the
potency.

b) Route of administration of medicine

Study of the route of administration of remedy is called pharmaconomy. It is

written in 284 of the 6th editions.

Besides the tongues, mouth and stomach, which are most commonly
affected by the administration of medicine, the nose and respiratory organs,
are receptive of the action of medicines in fluid form by means of olfaction
and inhalation through the mouth. But the whole remaining skin of the body
clothed with epidermis, is adapted to the action of medicinal solutions,
especially if the inunction is connected with simultaneous internal
administration. For infants medicines are administered by giving moderate
doses to the nursing mother.

External application is not advisable 197

Simultaneous local application along with the internal employment of the

remedy in diseases whose chief symptom is a constant local affection has a
great disadvantage for the premature disappearance of the local symptom if
occurs.

c) Notion of quality

Hahnemann in 276 says

Every dose that is too large does harm, more harm occurs if the well selected
remedy is given in a large dose to a case with greater homoeopathicity and a
large dose of a high potency also does more harm.

Hahnemann says about the quantity of medicine in 6th edition 285 fn

For this purpose it is most convenient to employ sugar globules of the size of
poppy seeds, one of which imbibed with medicine and put into the
dispensing vehicle constitutes a medicinal dose, which contains about the
three hundredth part of a drop, for three hundred such small globules will be
adequately moistened by a drop of alcohol. The dose is vastly diminished by
laying one such globule alone upon the tongue and giving nothing to drink. If
it were necessary, in the case of a very sensitive patient to employ the
smallest possible dose and to bring about most rapid result, one single
olfaction will suffix.

For olfaction one globule of high potency is placed in a small dry phial, the
physician allows the patient to hold the open mouth of the phial first in one
nostril, and in the act of inspiration draw the air out of it then if he wish to
give a stronger dose, smell with other nostril also more or less strongly
accordingly to the strength it is intended it to be.

d) Notion of quality 272 of the 6th edition

1) A single globule, crushed with sugar of milk dissolved in good deal of water
when stirred well, before every administration will be more powerful. To
increase quality medicine should be stirred well before every administration.

2) Quality increase, the greater the quantity of fluid in which it is dissolved.

For in this case medicine will come into contact with a much larger surface of
sensitive nerves responsive to medicinal action.

3) Quality of medicine is increased when the succeeding doses are changed

slightly every time i.e. potentized somewhat higher on every repetition. This
is because the former dose has already accomplished the expected change in
vital principle and the next dose does not find similar conditions. 247 of
6th edition

4) Quality of the medicine does not reduce in direct proportions to the

reduction in the material quantity with every quadratic dimensions of the
quantity of medicine; the action on human body will be diminished each time
to only about one half. 284 of the fifth edition .

Effect of 2 drops of M.T is not th the effect of 8 drops.

III) Repetition of dose

Study of repetitions of dose is called pharmacopollaxy.

In 247 Hahnemann speaks about the repetitions of medicine.

The doses should be repeated at an interval of fourteen, twelve, ten,

eight, seven days in disease but in acute disease at very shorter period
every twenty four, twelve, eight, four hours in the very acutest every hour,
up to as often as every five minutes in every case in proportion to the more
or less rapid course of disease.

6th edition .. The succeeding dose should be changed slightly every time
via potentized some what higher..

Series in degrees Octave potencies

J.T.Kent in his lesser writings tells us that after long observation he has
settled upon the octaves in the series of degrees as 30th, 200th, 1M, 10M,
50M, CM, DM and MM. Many patients who have steadily improved from
each potency will be given higher so that the symptoms become fainter and
the patient becomes stronger mentally and physically.

Kent in his Lesser writings says that in some constitutions 1M is not repeated
with advantage and in others several doses are necessary .He says very high
remedies seldom require repetition in chronic cases but on severe acute
diseases several doses in quick succession are most useful

Evolution of Homoeopathic Posology

1) Before the discovery of homoeopathic system

During his earlier period, Hahnemann was using massive doses, as was the
practice in those days. But by his keen observation he was able to detect that
large doses of medicine were causing undue aggravation. In 621 in Lesser
writings (On the nature and treatment of venereal disease) 1786 (pg 133) he
says in very sensitive persons I have sometimes not have the occasion to
use more than 1 grain of soluble mercury to cure moderate idiopathic
venereal symptoms and commencing syphilis yet I have met with cases in
which 60 grains were necessary.
He says that he was forced to use such large quantities of medicine, as some
circumstances of the patient must have interrupted with the action of
medicines. Hahnemann says that in moderately severe syphilis not more
than 8 grains were required while for a severe and deep-rooted cases about
12 grains were needed.

After giving the first dose Hahnemann used to progressively increase the
dose until the disease have disappeared.

In Lesser Writings he narrates the way of increasing dose in a progressive

scale from to 1/3, , 3/4, 11/4 grains then after an interval of 14 days
again dose is increased from 11/2 to 2 grains until syphilis disappeared.

Here we can see that Hahnemann inferred that the large quantities of
medicine was not the factor which helped in curing disease, but sufficient
quantity just needed to excite an reaction was only needed. So Hahnemann
reduced large quantities of mercury given for treatment of venereal disease
to just sufficient quantity required to bring about mercurial fever. Thus
Hahnemann reduced the quantity of mercury needed for the treatment of
venereal diseases from 12 grains, 5 grains etc to 11/2 to 2 grains.

II) Period of discovery of homoeopathic system

In 1790 Hahnemann on translating Cullens M.M came upon the fact that the
curative power of cinchona was due to its astringent property which he
tested upon himself and established that medicines were able to cure owing
to its property of producing similar symptoms. Thus in 1796 he laid down the
foundation of a new system of medicine viz. Homoeopathy. In the period
1796 1801 we dont find a marked reduction in the dosage for we find him
giving 4 grains of veratrum album for a case of colicodynia, Ipecac 5 grains,
nux vom 4 grains etc.

III) Inception of infinitesimal posology

But in 1801 in his essay on the cure and prevention of Scarlet fever, the first
indication of infinitesimal posology took its place and unto now it stands as
essential and integral part of homoeopathic system.

In cure and prevention of scarlet fever Hahnemann advises 1 part of opium

to be taken in 20 parts of weak alcohol and keep it for one day, then one
drop of it is taken and dissolved in 500 drops of alcohol and then one drop of
this could be given for children and 2 drops for persons above 10 years of
age.

Hahnemann says The smallness of the dose in which the medicines acts
upon the whole organism, when it is suitable to the case is incredible, at least
it is incredible to my colleagues.

In his essay on the power of small doses of medicine in general and

belladonna in particular (Lesser Writings ) Hahnemann says a very hard dry
pill of extract of belladonna produces no effect in a perfectly healthy man,
but it may not be so if he is ill. One drop of belladonna taken in 2000 drops of
water and is shaken vigorously and 1 teaspoon is given every two hours will
produce violent symptoms in a strong man, if he is ill. Hahnemann says that
except him no other physicians have noted this remarkable action and many
physicians are ignorant of this dynamic action. Here Hahnemann was able to
see that the medicines acted even in minute doses due to its dynamic action.

In Medicine of Experience (1805), which is the precursor to Organon of

Medicine, he further elaborates upon his discovery, making it a doctrine and
a foundation stone of homoeopathy.

In M.E Hahnemann says We have not only selected the right remedy but
also hit upon the proper dose (for curative purpose incredible small doses
suffice)

In the first edition of the Organon, which appeared in 1810, Hahnemann

speaks much to the same effect. Here he says, Scarcely any dose of the
homeopathically selected remedy can be so small as not to be stronger than
the natural disease and not capable of overcoming it.

Thus in scarlet fever we find Hahnemann giving betwixt our 2nd and 3rd
dilution. In 1814 we find him giving bryonia and rhus tox in a dilution equal to
15th and 16th of centesimal scale. Hyoscyamus was prescribed in 8th
dilution. In 1819 on the treatment of suicidal mania we find him giving gold
in 6th dilution.
In 1827 in his essay How can small doses of such very attenuated medicine
in homoeopathy employ still greater power, Hahnemann says that there are
various reasons why a sceptic ridicules these homoeopathic attenuations.

1) He is ignorant that by means of such triturations, the internal medicinal

power is wonderfully developed and liberated from its material bonds.

2) Pure arithmetic mind believes that it sees here only an instance of

enormous sub division and does not observe in this spiritualization of
internal medicinal power.

3) The sceptic has no experience relative to the action of preparations of

such exalted medicinal power.

V) Introduction of theory of dynamisation by trituration and succession into

homoeopathic posology

Even though Hahnemann was practicing a crude form of succession and

trituration from 1801 onwards, he later in 1833 laid down rules and
procedures for the preparation of homoeopathic potencies. Thus
Hahnemanns centesimal scales of potencies were born. This led to
standardization in preparation of potencies.

Even though Hahnemann puts forward the theory of dynamization by

trituration and succession in the 5th edition of organon i.e. (1833) the idea
was already hinted in 1829 in the concluding clause of the second note to
278 of the 4th edition. It was more explicitly stated in 1826 in the note to
Thuja (M.Mpura ii 649) which runs as follows The discovery that crude
medicinal substances (dry and fluid) unfold their medicinal power ever more
and more by trituration or succession with non medicinal things and in
greater degree the further, the longer and the stronger this trituration or
succession is carried on, so that all their material substance seems gradually
to be dissolved and resolved into pure medicinal spirit.

In 281 fn he says that he has made some changes in the procedure of

carrying out successions. Hahnemann says And moreover, the
homoeopathic medicines becomes potentized at very division and
diminution by trituration and succession a development of the inherent
powers of medicinal substances which was never dreamed of before my
time, and which is of so powerful a character that of late years I have been
compelled by convincing experience to reduce the 10 successions formerly
directed to two.

287 fn. Hahnemann says that the higher we carry the attenuation
accompanied by dynamization (by two succession strokes) with so much
more rapid and penetrating action does the preparation seem to affect the
vital force and alter the health but with slight diminution of strength even
when this operation is carried very far in place, as is usual (and generally
sufficient) to X when it is carried up to XX, L, C and higher only then the
action always appears to last a shorter time.

VI) After the invention of Psora theory

After his invention of psora theory Hahnemann fixes an uniform standard for
the dose of all remedies at a globule of the 30th dilution.

In his essay On the extreme attenuation of homoeopathic medicine he is

found to recommend 30th dilution as standard.

Korsakoffs statement about high potencies :

Graf von Korsakoff says that he has diluted medicines up to 150th, 1000th,
1500th attenuation and he has found them to be still efficacious. Korsakoff
says that the material division of medicinal substance attains its limit at 3rd
and 6th dilution and subsequent attenuation obtain their medicinal
properties by a kind of infection or communication of medicinal power after
the manner of contagious disease to the non medical vehicle. He says he
communicated medicinal properties to large quantities of unmedicated
globules by shaking them up with one dry medicated globule. By diluting
medicines highly the primary action of the medicine, or its tendency to
produce homoeopathic aggravation declines, whilst the curative action of
medicine continuously increases.

To this Hahnemann says that we are indebted to Korskoff, who has brought
the idea of contagion in communicating the power of medicine to another
globule, but the supposition that dry globules, that has been impregnated
with a certain degree of development of power can be further dynamized
and their medicinal power increased in their bottles by shaking or carrying
about in pocket is incredible.
Hahnemann says even though trituration can be carried out to any limit it is
advisable in preparing all kinds of medicines not to go higher than the
decillionth attenuation and dynamization (x) in order homoeopathic
physicians may be able to assume themselves of uniform results in practice.

VI) Directions given during the last years of his life

At Paris, on Dec 1838, Hahnemann states that Thus we obtain, even in the
fiftieth potency (the new wiseacres have hitherto ridiculed the thirtieth
potency, and made use of the lower, little developed, more massive
medicinal preparations in large doses, whereby, however, they were not able
to effect what our system can do), each lower one of which has been
dynamized with an equal number of successions, medicines of the most
penetrating efficiency, so that each of the minutest globules impregnated
with it, dissolved in much water, can be taken in small portions and must be
so taken in order not to produce too violent effects in sensitive patients, not
to mention that such as mode of preparation develops almost all the
properties that lie hid in the essential nature of the medicinal substance,
which thereby done can attain any activity.

In the preface to 3rd volume of c/c disease (edition 1837) he says that when
we repeat the medicine we should descend from 30th to the 24th dilution
and below. In the history of 2 cases collected in lesser writings he gave
medicines especially sulphur and mercurius in doses greatly below 30th
dilution.

In the last years of life he again allowed himself a greater range of dose,
chiefly by extending the scale of dilutions upwards as high as 60th, 180th and
even 300th dilutions, but also downwards to the 24th and occasionally also
much lower. Hahnemann however used almost all potencies from lower to
30th, 60th, 150th and 300th dilution.

Factors that led Hahnemann to arrive at the concept of minimum dose

Dr.Dudgeon in his Lectures and Practice of Homoeopathy says that following

factors led Hahnemann to arrive at the concept of minimum dose.

a) Hahnemann observed that medicines exhibited greater strength when

given in dilution than in dry state.

b) He observed the greater power of medicine when given in divided dose

than given at once.

c) He observed the greater susceptibility of disease organism for the

medicine having a specific homoeopathic relation to the affected parts.

d) Hahnemann observed an increasing power of medicine by a thorough

admixture of vehicle by means of succusion

e) Desire to evade precession of apothecaries who tried legal proceedings

against Hahnemann for invading upon their privileges for dispensing
medicines.

f) To avoid aggravation of disease when given in large doses.

Exception to infinitesimal dose

Hahnemann states an exception to infinitesimal dose in 282 fn of Organon

of Medicine
.there is an exception in the treatment of three great miasm while they
still efflorescence on the skin i.e. recently erupted itch, the untouched
chancre and the fig warts. These not only tolerate but indeed require from
the very beginning large doses at their specific remedies of ever higher and
higher dynamisation daily.

The reasons why we should employ only minimum or infinitesimal dose are

1) When the disease attacks the body, it overcomes the body resistance.
Now the body becomes vulnerable to the action of a similarly acting disease
producing agent. So this disease-producing agent via the drug need only be
applied in a minimum dose just sufficient to produce a cure.

2) Disease has already rendered the parts abnormally sensitive, so if the

stimuli applied are large it will produce an aggravation.

3) According to Arnold Schutz law minimum dose stimulates medium

inhibits and maximum destroys.

Directions given by various authors

Stuart Close

According to Stuart Close there are three necessary requirements for the
action of infinitesimal dose.
1) The development of special virtues of medicine by the process of
potentisation.

2) The increased susceptibility to medicinal impression produced by the

disease.

3) The selection of symptomatically similar remedy.

Gordian Knot of Homoeopathy

Posology became a subject of much misunderstanding, discussion

controversy in the earlier days of homoeopathy. On this subject the
profession was divided into two opposing camps. It came to be regarded as a
kind of Gordian Knot to be cut by each individual as best as he could with the
instrument at his disposal.

Hahnemann at one time in despair of bringing his followers to an agreement

proposed that one should treat all the cases with thirtieth potency. Later
each person adopted the dosage according to his convictions. The
materialistic minded restricted themselves to the crude tinctures and
triturations of very low dilution ranging from 1x to 6x. Other ranged from 3
to 30 potency while some other small class inclined to metaphysical ideas,
using only the highest potencies ranging from 200 to millioneth. As
physicians differed in their ideas this topic came to be regarded as the
Gordian Knot to be cut by each individual as best as he could with the
instruments at his disposal.
Stuart Close comments that this decision should be open to every
practitioner and that each man should be competent, willing and ready to
use any potency or preparation of indicated remedy. If he confines himself to
one or two potencies, be they low medium or high he is limiting his own
usefulness and depriving the patient of valuable means of relief & cure.

H.A.Roberts

According to H.A.Roberts the law of dosage could be summarized to 3

fundamental laws.

1) Law of least action and quantity

The quantity of action necessary to effect any change in nature is least

possible. The decisive amount is always the minimum i.e. an infinitesimal.

2) Law of quantity and dose

The quantity of drug required is inverse ratio to its similarity.

3) Law of quality

The quality of action of homoeopathic medicines is determined by its

quantity in its inverse ratio.

H.A.Roberts in The Principles and Art of Cure of Homoeopathy says that

infinitesimal dose is one, which is so small as not to produce too much
aggravation of the symptoms already present and never large enough to
produce new symptoms.
Carrol Dunham

In his Science of Therapeutic he says that the most vigorous opposition from
old school as well as chief ground of division among the homoeopaths was
upon the question of infinitesimal dose. Dunham says that the question of
minimum dose is manifestly an open one. He states in favor of infinitesimal
dose and concludes that there are many evidences in chronic disease that
many medicines have acted in very large doses.

Richard Hughes

In his Pharmacodynamics Richard Hughes say My own experience of such

dilutions as 6th and 12th and of the 30th is such as to make me join with
unquestioning acclamation in their praise. I have no practical knowledge of
the 200th, but if I had no other fact before me than their constant use by
scientific and successful a physician as Carroll Dunham I should be content to
acknowledge their legitimacy. Richard Hughes says that reason has nothing
to say in favor of high potencies.

1) We have no evidence that can be brought before us to prove that we

actually develop power as we go on attenuating.

2) There is no material particle of the drug beyond 12c

3) Preparation of 1000th and beyond according to Hahnemanns directions

are simple impossibilities, for it will require lot of time, labor and cost.
James Tyler Kent

In his lesser writings J.T.Kent says that

1) There is difference in the activities of a given remedy in the 30th and 10M
upon the same constitution.

2) Very high potencies seldom require repetition in c/c disease in severe a/c
disease several doses in quick succession needed.

3) It is better to begin lower and go higher and higher.

4) Medicines given in series of Octave potencies.

5) A deep acting chronic remedy should seldom be given in the midst of a

paroxysm or exacerbations but at close of it .

Reference:

1) Organon of Medicine Samuel Hahnemann.

2) Lesser Writing Dr.Hahnemann

3) The Genius of Homoeopathy Stuart Close

4) The Principles and art of Cure by Homoeopathy H.A.Roberts

5) The Science of Therapeutics Caroll Dunham

6) Lectures on the Theory and Practice of Homoeopathy R.E.Dudgeon

7) A manual of Pharmacodynamics R.Hughes

8) The Hidden Treasures of the last Organon P.Schmidt

9) Homoeopathic Dose & Dilution R.K.Mukerji

10) Lecture notes Dr . Abdurahiman .