Electronic Instruments &

Instrumentation Technology (INSTR F311)

INSTRUCTOR
VIVEK CHANDRAN K. P.
DEPT. OF EEE
OFFICE C-220

SPECTRUM ANALYZER

INSTRUCTOR-IN-CHARGE
GAUTAM BACHER

4 October 2016 VIVEK CHANDRAN K. P. (INSTR F311) Lecture 19 1

Spectrum Analysis

4 October 2016 VIVEK CHANDRAN K. P. (INSTR F311) Lecture 19 2

Frequency Domain Display Capabilities

4 October 2016 VIVEK CHANDRAN K. P. (INSTR F311) Lecture 19 3

Frequency Domain Display Capabilities

4 October 2016 VIVEK CHANDRAN K. P. (INSTR F311) Lecture 19 4

Filter Bank Spectrum Analyzer

4 October 2016 VIVEK CHANDRAN K. P. (INSTR F311) Lecture 19 5

Super Heterodyne Analyzer

4 October 2016 VIVEK CHANDRAN K. P. (INSTR F311) Lecture 19 6

Increasing the Resolution

4 October 2016 VIVEK CHANDRAN K. P. (INSTR F311) Lecture 19 7

Increasing the Resolution

4 October 2016 VIVEK CHANDRAN K. P. (INSTR F311) Lecture 19 8

Frequency Instabilities
Long Term
Due to the frequency drift of local oscillator.
Short Term.
Due to phase instability of local oscillator that can be observed as phase noise
(also called sideband noise).

4 October 2016 VIVEK CHANDRAN K. P. (INSTR F311) Lecture 19 9

Dynamic Range

Dynamic range is defined as the ratio, expressed in dB, of the largest to the
smallest signals simultaneously present at the input of the spectrum analyzer
that allows measurement of the smaller signal to a given degree of
uncertainty.

7 October 2016 VIVEK CHANDRAN K. P. (INSTR F311) Lecture 18 10

Dynamic Range

7 October 2016 VIVEK CHANDRAN K. P. (INSTR F311) Lecture 18 11

Applications of Spectrum Analyzer

Observing purity of a signal.

Analyzing modulated signals.

Studying harmonic components of a signal.

Finding intermodulation content.

4 October 2016 VIVEK CHANDRAN K. P. (INSTR F311) Lecture 19 12

Limitations of Spectrum Analyzer

They can measure only steady state signals, so they are impractical for
measuring transient events.

We cannot get information about relative phases of the frequency

components.

Measurement times are often 10 to 100 times longer than those with the FFT
techniques.

4 October 2016 VIVEK CHANDRAN K. P. (INSTR F311) Lecture 19 13

 CHAMBER No.: C-220
CHAMBER MEETING HOURS : FRIDAYS 4pm - 5pm

Thank You !

Lecture Series Image and Text Courtesy

M.M.S.Anand, Electronic Instruments & Instrumentation Technology, PHI,.2005, Google Play Edition.

4 October 2016 VIVEK CHANDRAN K. P. (INSTR F311) Lecture 19 14