Health, Education, Social Protection News & Notes 18/2010

Health, Education, Social Protection
News & Notes 18/2010

A bi-weekly newsletter supported by GTZ
(Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit)
29 August 2010
You can download back issues (2005 - 2010) of this newsletter at:
http://german-practice-collection.org/en/links/newsletters/hesp-news-and-notes
Table of Contents:
BOOKS ................................................................................ 4
Country Profiles for Population and Reproductive Health: Policy Developments and
Indicators 2009/2010............................................................................................................... 4
Caring for Trafficked Persons: Guidance for Health Providers ............................................... 4
Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2010........................................................................... 4
South-South Migration: Implications for Social Policy and Development ............................... 5
ONLINE PUBLICATIONS .................................................... 5

HIV - AIDS - STI ........................................................................................................... 5
Guidelines on HIV and infant feeding 2010............................................................................. 5
Rethinking Prevention of HIV Type 1 Infection ....................................................................... 5
Selecting HIV infection prevention interventions in the mature HIV epidemic in Malawi using
the mode of transmission model ............................................................................................. 6
HIV, transmitted drug resistance, and the paradox of preexposure prophylaxis .................... 6
Special Report on the State of HIV/AIDS in South Africa ....................................................... 6
The carnivalesque factor in southern African HIV pandemic .................................................. 7
Facilitating HIV Testing and Disclosure with Children and Adolescents................................. 7
Sexual & Reproductive Health ..................................................................................... 7
The End is in Sight: Moving Toward the Abandonment of Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting7
Global Consultation on Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting ..................................................... 8
Unintended Pregnancies in the Middle East and North Africa ................................................ 8
Improving the Reproductive Health of Sub-Saharan Africa's Youth: A Route to Achieve the
Millennium Development Goals .............................................................................................. 8
Maternal & Child Health ............................................................................................... 9
Maternal, Newborn, Child and Reproductive Health............................................................... 9
Effects of the World Bank's Maternal and Child Health Intervention on Indonesia's Poor:
Evaluating the Safe Motherhood Project................................................................................. 9
Efficacy of pentavalent rotavirus vaccine against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis in infants in
developing countries in sub-Saharan Africa: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled
trial........................................................................................................................................... 9
“Social Marketing” for Early Neonatal Care: Saving Newborn Lives in Pakistan.................. 10
Inequalities in Child Survival .................................................................................................10
Malaria........................................................................................................................ 10
Rapid Scaling Up of Insecticide-Treated Bed Net Coverage in Africa and Its Relationship
with Development Assistance for Health: A Systematic Synthesis of Supply, Distribution,
and Household Survey Data ................................................................................................. 10
Continued Decline of Malaria in The Gambia with Implications for Elimination.................... 11
Tuberculosis ............................................................................................................... 11
Tuberculosis research update ............................................................................................... 11
Management of drug-resistant tuberculosis .......................................................................... 11
Towards more compassionate and effective care for drug resistant TB: improving diagnosis
and case detection ................................................................................................................ 12
Other Infectious Diseases .......................................................................................... 12
HESP-News & Notes - 18/2010 - page 1

Tropical Medicine & International Health Special Issue: SARS in China.............................. 12
Pandemic influenza preparedness in Africa is a profound challenge for an already
distressed region: analysis of national preparedness plans ................................................. 12
Chagas Disease .................................................................................................................... 13
Impact of Dengue .................................................................................................................. 13
Global leprosy situation, 2010 - Le point sur la lèpre dans le monde, 2010 ......................... 13
Essential Medicines.................................................................................................... 14
Emergence of a new antibiotic resistance mechanism in India, Pakistan, and the UK: a
molecular, biological, and epidemiological study .................................................................. 14
Social Protection ........................................................................................................ 14
Social Protection Floor Initiative............................................................................................ 14
Human Resources...................................................................................................... 14
Non-Financial Incentives for Voluntary Community Health Workers: A Qualitative Study ... 14
Zeroing In: AIDS Donors and Africa’s Health Workforce ...................................................... 15
Health Systems & Research ...................................................................................... 15
Per diems undermine health interventions, systems and research in Africa: burying our
heads in the sand .................................................................................................................. 15
Contracting and Providing Basic Health Care Services in Honduras ................................... 15
Innovative health service delivery models in low and middle income countries - what can we
learn from the private sector? ............................................................................................... 16
Systematic review: Effects, design choices, and context of pay-for-performance in health
care........................................................................................................................................ 16
The Role of Health Systems Strengthening in Effectively Updating and Disseminating
Family Planning/Reproductive Health Guidelines................................................................. 16
Moving from Data on Deaths to Public Health Policy in Agincourt, South Africa: Approaches
to Analysing and Understanding Verbal Autopsy Findings ................................................... 17
Making Data Meaningful........................................................................................................ 17
Education ................................................................................................................... 17
Supporting the Educational Needs of HIV-Positive Learners in Tanzania............................ 17
How to Get the Message Across: The Education Sector’s Response to the Challenge of HIV
Prevention among Most-at-risk Youth................................................................................... 18
Best Practices in Inclusive Education for Children with Disabilities: Applications for Program
Design in the Europe & Eurasia Region................................................................................ 18
The Impact of the 1999 Education Reform in Poland ........................................................... 18
Harm Reduction and Drug Use .................................................................................. 19
Cigarette smoking and its promotion: Editorials are not enough .......................................... 19
Alcohol-use disorders: Preventing the development of hazardous and harmful drinking..... 19
Global Health.............................................................................................................. 19
Global Health and Foreign Policy.......................................................................................... 19
Framing health and foreign policy: lessons for global health diplomacy............................... 20
Start with a Girl: A New Agenda for Global Health ............................................................... 20
Interactions between Global Health Initiatives and Country Health Systems: The Case of a
Neglected Tropical Diseases Control Program in Mali ......................................................... 20
Addressing global health governance challenges through a new mechanism: the proposal
for a Committee C of the World Health Assembly ................................................................ 21
The Copernican Shift in Global Health.................................................................................. 21
Trade Growth and Population Health: An Introductory Review ............................................ 21
Millennium Development Goals.................................................................................. 22
Who Are the MDG Trailblazers? A New MDG Progress Index............................................. 22
Human Rights and the Millennium Development Goals in Practice: A review of country
strategies and reporting......................................................................................................... 22
Development Assistance............................................................................................ 22
Scaling-up foreign aid: Will the ‘Big Push’ work?.................................................................. 22
A Post-2015 Development Agenda: What Role for ODA?.................................................... 23
Donor Coordination in Kenya and Mozambique ................................................................... 23
Sector Budget Support in Practice - Literature Review......................................................... 23
Others......................................................................................................................... 24
Guidelines for the Prevention and Clinical Management of Snakebite in Africa................... 24
Expansion of cancer care and control in countries of low and middle income: a call to action
............................................................................................................................................... 24
Can We Treat Cancer for a Dollar a Day? Guidelines for Low-Income Countries................ 25

Confronting “Death on Wheels”............................................................................................. 25
Report of the implementation of the project “Improving Global Road Safety: Setting Regional
and National Road Traffic Casualty Reduction Targets”....................................................... 25
Introduction Logical Framework ............................................................................................ 26
ELECTRONIC RESOURCES ............................................ 26

Global Atlas of Helminth Infections ....................................................................................... 26
Visualizing Aid Information using Geo-Coding: Using images to increase aid effectiveness26
The Open AIDS Journal ........................................................................................................ 26
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine ............................................................................ 27
Synergistic Pandemics: Confronting the Global HIV and Tuberculosis Epidemics .............. 27
Micro Insurance Voices - Issue 6, August 2010.................................................................... 27
INTERESTING WEB SITES .............................................. 27

Antibiotic / Antimicrobial Resistance ..................................................................................... 27
OncoNET............................................................................................................................... 27
The Center for Health Market Innovations (CHMI)................................................................ 28
TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES............................................ 28
HIV and Most-at-Risk Populations (MARPs)......................................................................... 28
For Protection and Promotion: The Design and Implementation of Effective Social Safety
Nets ....................................................................................................................................... 28
JOB OPPORTUNITIES...................................................... 29
L’Institut Tropical et de Santé Publique Suisse (Swiss TPH): Coordinateur-trice de
Programme Santé ................................................................................................................. 29
CONFERENCES................................................................ 29
World Health Summit 2010 ................................................................................................... 29
Parasite to prevention - Advances in the understanding of malaria ..................................... 29
CARTOON ......................................................................... 30
TIPS & TRICKS ................................................................. 30

Searching Google Images..................................................................................................... 30
Make Phone Calls in Google Mail ......................................................................................... 31
Free OCR .............................................................................................................................. 31
Free Printable Calendars ...................................................................................................... 32
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end

BOOKS
Country Profiles for Population and Reproductive Health: Policy Develop-
ments and Indicators 2009/2010
by Linda Demers, José Miguel Guzmán, Janet Jensen et al.

United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) and Population Reference
Bureau (PRB), 2010
346 pp. 3.3 MB:

http://www.prb.org/pdf10/unfpacountryprofiles.pdf
The 2009/2010 report covers basic demographic trends; social and economic indicators;
and statistics on maternal and child health, adolescent reproductive health, education,
HIV/AIDS, gender equality, and reproductive health demand. Each country profile has
more than 100 indicators on health and development, including internal disparities, pub-
lic financing for health and education, and progress toward meeting the MDGs. The re-
gional overviews and indicators provide snapshots of the most important population and
reproductive health challenges.
***
Caring for Trafficked Persons: Guidance for Health Providers
by Melanie Abas, Idit Albert, Islene Araujo et al.

International Organization for Migration and the Gender Violence &
Health Centre of the London School for Hygiene & Tropical Medicine,
2010
230 pp. 1.1 MB:

http://zunia.org/uploads/media/knowledge/Caring%20for%20Traffi
cked%20Persons1282549774.pdf
For many trafficked persons, the physical and psychological aftermath of a trafficking
experience can be severe and enduring. Health providers may come into contact with
trafficked persons (or others who have experienced similar forms of violence and exploi-
tation) at different stages of the trafficking process and at different stages of their recov-
ery. The handbook provides practical, non-clinical advice to help a concerned health
provider understand the phenomenon of human trafficking, recognize some of the asso-
ciated health problems and consider safe and appropriate approaches to providing
healthcare for trafficked persons.
***
Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2010

41st Edition
by Douglas Brooks et al.

Asian Development Bank, August 2010
322 pp. 3.0 MB:

http://www.adb.org/Documents/Books/Key_Indicators/2010/pdf/K
ey-Indicators-2010.pdf
The Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2010 is the flagship annual statistical data
book of the Asian Development Bank (ADB). It presents the latest available economic,

financial, social, environmental, and Millennium Development Goals (MDG) indicators
for regional members of ADB.
***
South-South Migration: Implications for Social Policy and Development
by Katja Hujo, Nicola Piper, E. Kofman et al.

Social Policy and Migration in Developing Countries, August 2010
Palgrave, 256 pp. ISBN: 9780230271586, Price: GBP 65.00

To order online: http://www.palgrave.com/products/title.aspx?PID=412984
Download Chapter 1: (47 pp. 420 kB) Linking Migration, Social Development and Policy
in the South – An Introduction
http://www.palgrave.com/PDFs/9780230271586.Pdf
In an increasingly globalized and interconnected world, migration has emerged as one

of the central policy challenges of the future, fermenting debates on a national and in-
ternational level. This book moves beyond the migration-development nexus by explor-
ing the neglected issue of South-South migration, and its implications for social policy
and development. This volume examines the linkages and impact of migration on gen-
der and care regimes, human resource flows, remittances, poverty, and political organi-
zations by or for migrants.
ONLINE PUBLICATIONS
HIV - AIDS - STI
Guidelines on HIV and infant feeding 2010

Principles and recommendations for infant feeding in the context of HIV
and a summary of evidence
by Peggy Henderson and Nigel Rollins

World Health Organization in collaboration with UNAIDS, UNFPA and
UNICEF, 2010
58 pp. 1.6 MB:

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2010/9789241599535_eng.pdf
Evidence has been reported that antiretroviral (ARV) interventions to either the HIV-
infected mother or HIV-exposed infant can significantly reduce the risk of postnatal
transmission of HIV through breastfeeding. This evidence has major implications for
how women living with HIV might feed their infants, and how health workers should
counsel these mothers. Together, breastfeeding and ARV intervention have the poten-
tial to significantly improve infants’ chances of surviving while remaining HIV uninfected.
***
Rethinking Prevention of HIV Type 1 Infection
by David N. Burns, Carl W. Dieffenbach and Sten H. Vermund

Clinical Infectious Diseases, 51:725-731 (15 September 2010)

7 pp. 298 kB:
http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdf/10.1086/655889
One after another, promising biomedical interventions have failed to reduce HIV-1 inci-
dence. Recently, mathematical modelling raised expectations regarding 2 new strate-
gies: “test and treat” and pre-exposure prophylaxis. The authors review these potential
interventions and outline other options for reducing HIV-1 incidence in the near term.
***
Selecting HIV infection prevention interventions in the mature HIV epi-

demic in Malawi using the mode of transmission model
by Kenneth Maleta and Cameron Bowie

BMC Health Services Research 2010, 10:243 (19 August 2010)
13 pp. 212 kB:

http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1472-6963-10-243.pdf
Malawi is reassessing its HIV prevention strategy in the light of a limited reduction in the
epidemic. The combination of a successful strategy to eliminate multiple concurrent
partners and a successful strategy to eliminate all infections between discordant couples
would reduce incident cases by 99%. A revitalised HIV prevention strategy will need to
include interventions which tackle the two modes of transmission now found to be so
important in Malawi - concurrency and discordancy.
***
HIV, transmitted drug resistance, and the paradox of preexposure prophy-

laxis
by Virginie Superviea, J. Gerardo García-Lermab, Walid Heneineb et al.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), Vol. 107, No.
27, pp. 12381-12386, July 6, 2010
6 pp. 803 kB:

http://www.pnas.org/content/107/27/12381.full.pdf+html
The administration of antiretrovirals before HIV exposure to prevent infection (i.e., pre-
exposure prophylaxis [PrEP]) is under evaluation in clinical trials. The authors use a
mathematical model to predict the effect of PrEP interventions on the HIV epidemic in
the men-who-have-sex-with-men community in San Francisco. They predict PrEP inter-
ventions could substantially reduce transmission but increase the proportion of new in-
fections caused by resistant strains.
***
Special Report on the State of HIV/AIDS in South Africa

The country's leading HIV experts weigh in on the status of treatment, prevention and
resourcing at the epicenter of the pandemic
by Peter S. Navario, Linda-Gail Bekker, Mark Blecher et al.

Global Health Magazine, July 16, 2010
8 pp. 197 kB:

http://www.globalhealth.org/images/pdf/magazine/navario_paper.pdf

It is axiomatic that the global fight against HIV/AIDS cannot be won without a decisive
victory in South Africa, home to 20 percent of all people living with HIV/AIDS. So how is
South Africa doing? And what is the likelihood it will meet the demand for essential pre-
vention and treatment interventions by 2015? In this article, the experts weigh in on pro-
gram gaps, the major challenges to achieving universal coverage of essential preven-
tion and treatment interventions, and what it will take to surmount these challenges.
***
The carnivalesque factor in southern African HIV pandemic
by Leigh Price
Exchange on HIV and AIDS, Sexuality and Gender, 2/2010
5 pp. 370 kB:

http://www.kit.nl/net/KIT_Publicaties_output/ShowFile2.aspx?e=1701
We tend to link different cultures with different parts of the world. However, different cul-
tures may develop in the same society, in overlapping geographical space. Some of the
most interesting cultures are those found among marginal groups, such as within youth
and people with different sexual orientations. The author has termed these cultures car-
nivalesque and he argues that they have important similarities with southern African cul-
tures. Considering them together provides insights that could improve our ability to re-
spond to the HIV crisis.
***
Facilitating HIV Testing and Disclosure with Children and Adolescents
by M. Vijaya Kumar, Vaishakhi M. Chaturvedi et al.

India HIV/AIDS Alliance, June 2009
42 pp. 336 kB:

http://www.aidsallianceindia.net/?q=node/40&pdfid=159&pdfnm=F
acilitating_HIV_Testing_Disclosure_with_children.pdf
This report describes operations research conducted to identify factors that prevent the
community from seeking HIV testing of their children, understand issues related to dis-
closure of HIV status to children and young people, and the social impact related to dis-
closure faced by parents and their children. Results of the study suggest some practical
recommendations for addressing these issues.
Sexual & Reproductive Health
The End is in Sight: Moving Toward the Abandonment of Female Genital

Mutilation/Cutting
by Nafissatou J. Diop, Petrina Lee Poy, Francesca Moneti et al.

United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) and the United Nations Chil-
dren’s Fund (UNICEF), 2010
36 pp. 8.4 MB:

http://www.unfpa.org/webdav/site/global/shared/documents/publi
cations/2009/endisinsight_2009report.pdf

The annual report 2009 highlights some of the achievements, challenges and best prac-
tices for the abandonment of Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) and empha-
sizes the importance of continued partnerships with governments, media, civil society
organizations and religious leaders.
***
Global Consultation on Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting

Technical Report
by Benson Morah, Margaret Thuo, Seynabou Tall et al.

United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), 2009
112 pp. 6.2 MB:

http://www.unfpa.org/webdav/site/global/shared/documents/publications/2008/fg
m_2008.pdf
This report contains research findings concerning global trends and the prevalence of
female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) and its linkages with maternal and newborn
health. It describes changing patterns and practices, including medicalisation, and
analyses the threat FGM/C poses to the achievement of Millennium Development Goals
(MDGs), as well as its economic and health costs. It identifies important lessons and
discusses case studies in detail as well as the application of theories as a basis for ac-
celerating the abandonment process.
***
Unintended Pregnancies in the Middle East and North Africa
by Farzaneh Roudi-Fahimi and Ahmed Abdul Monem

Population Reference Bureau Policy Brief, July 2010
8 pp. 1.2 MB:

http://www.prb.org/pdf10/unintendedpregnancies.pdf
Unintended pregnancies are common in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) re-
gion. They are more than a couple’s private concern: They also have broad health, so-
cial, and economic consequences that require a public policy response. Reducing unin-
tended pregnancies will help MENA countries meet their development goals, most nota-
bly their Millennium Development Goals of improving maternal health (MDG 5), reducing
child mortality (MDG 4), and promoting gender equality and empowering women (MDG
3).
***
Improving the Reproductive Health of Sub-Saharan Africa's Youth: A Route

to Achieve the Millennium Development Goals
by Karin Ringheim and James Gribble

Population Reference Bureau, June 2010
40 pp. 3.1 MB:

http://www.prb.org/pdf10/youthchartbook.pdf
With a population of more than 840 million, and growing at the rate of 2.4 percent per
year, sub-Saharan Africa will double in size in just 30 years. It is widely accepted that
the future of sub-Saharan Africa rests to a great extent on the investments made in the
education, health, and employment opportunities of its youth, and on how successfully
its youth transition to a healthy and productive adulthood.

Maternal & Child Health
Maternal, Newborn, Child and Reproductive Health

A Global Health Council Position Paper
Global Health Council, May 2010

6 pp. 391 kB:
http://www.globalhealth.org/images/pdf/publications/2010_position_mnchfp.pdf
Improved maternal, newborn and child health can enable families to break
out of a cycle of ill health and poverty that may otherwise continue for generations. The
Global Health Council has just published a new Position Paper with detailed information
about each health area, the key interventions that are needed and the Council’s posi-
tions and recommendations for making progress in these areas.
***
Effects of the World Bank's Maternal and Child Health Intervention on In-
donesia's Poor: Evaluating the Safe Motherhood Project
by John Baird, Steven Ma and Jennifer Prah Ruger

Social Science & Medicine, 2010 (Article in press)
8 pp. 395 kB:

http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID1639584_code
670462.pdf?abstractid=1118418&mirid=3
This article examines the impact of the World Bank’s Safe Motherhood Project (SMP) on
health outcomes for Indonesia’s poor. The results indicated that, after taking into ac-
count the impact of two other concurrent development projects, SMP was statistically
significantly associated with a net beneficial change in under-five mortality, but not with
infant mortality, total fertility rate, teenage pregnancy, unmet contraceptive need or per-
centage of deliveries overseen by trained health personnel.
***
Efficacy of pentavalent rotavirus vaccine against severe rotavirus gastro-

enteritis in infants in developing countries in sub-Saharan Africa: a ran-
domised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
by George E Armah, Samba O Sow, Robert F Breiman et al.

The Lancet, Vol. 376, Issue 9741, pp. 606-614, 21 August 2010
9 pp. 229 kB:

http://download.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140673610608896.pdf?i
d=3d35b1b5aa0ec416:7c5d929b:12aa3b0f9ff:-7da41282646614938
Rotavirus gastroenteritis causes many deaths in infants in sub-Saharan Africa. Because

rotavirus vaccines have proven effective in developed countries but had not been tested
in developing countries, the authors assessed efficacy of a pentavalent rotavirus vac-
cine against severe disease in Ghana, Kenya, and Mali. They conclude that the vaccine
is effective against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis in the first 2 years of life in African
countries with high mortality in infants younger than 5 years. They support WHO’s rec-
ommendation for adoption of rotavirus vaccine into national expanded programmes on
immunisation in Africa.

“Social Marketing” for Early Neonatal Care: Saving Newborn Lives in Paki-
stan
by Iram Ejaz and Babar Tasneem Shaikh

World Health & Population, Vol.11, No.3 - 2010
7 pp. 113 kB:

http://groups.google.com/group/health-education-social-protection-news-
notes/web/WH-Vol11-No3.pdf
South Asia, and Pakistan in particular, have reduced their child and infant mortality dur-
ing the last decade; however, neonatal mortality still remains unacceptably high. Since
inappropriate practices in handling newborns are directly linked with persistent and un-
remitting behaviours among health providers and the community at large, the authors
suggest doing robust “social marketing” for saving newborn lives. The objective of the
paper is to present a social-marketing strategy and a marketing mix that will help ad-
dress and surmount actual barriers and promote alternative behaviours in early neonatal
care.
***
Inequalities in Child Survival

Looking at wealth and other socio-economic disparities in developing countries
by Maricar Garde and Nazme Sabina

Save the Children UK, 2010
41 pp. 395 kB:

http://www.savethechildren.org.uk/en/docs/Final_draft_inequalities_
of_child_survival_10_August_formatted_2.pdf
This paper aims to understand the inequalities in child survival in the developing world.
It looks at the disparities in under-five mortality in 65 low- and middle-income countries,
from 1990 to 2008, with case studies from India and Bangladesh to complement analy-
sis. Understanding inequalities in child survival and its wider determinants has important
policy implications towards meeting MDG 4.
Malaria
Rapid Scaling Up of Insecticide-Treated Bed Net Coverage in Africa and Its

Relationship with Development Assistance for Health: A Systematic Syn-
thesis of Supply, Distribution, and Household Survey Data
by Abraham D. Flaxman, Nancy Fullman, Mac W. Otten et al.

PLoS Med 7(8): e1000328 (17 August 2010)
17 pp. 2.0 MB:

http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/fetchObjectAttachment.action?uri=info%3Adoi
%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.1000328&representation=PDF
The authors use several sources of data to estimate the changes in distribution of insec-
ticide-treated bed nets (ITN) across Africa between 2000 and 2008, and to analyze the
link between development assistance and net coverage. They conclude that rapid in-
creases in ITN coverage have occurred in some of the poorest countries, but coverage
remains low in large populations at risk. Development assistance for health targeted at

malaria can lead to improvements in ITN coverage; inadequate financing may be a rea-
son for lack of progress in some countries.
***
Continued Decline of Malaria in The Gambia with Implications for Elimina-

tion
by Serign J. Ceesay, Climent Casals-Pascual, Davis C. Nwakanma et al.

PLoS ONE 5(8): e12242 (18 August 2010)
10 pp. 757 kB:

http://www.plosone.org/article/fetchObjectAttachment.action;jsessionid=CB72B7CA690B14E8CA9B
1EC53D6D34B6.ambra01?uri=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0012242&representation=PDF
Malaria has continued to decline in The Gambia, as indicated by a downward trend in

slide positivity at health facilities, and unprecedented low incidence and seroprevalence
in community surveys. The authors recommend intensification of control interventions
for several years to further reduce incidence, prior to considering an elimination pro-
gramme.
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis research update
by W.A. Hanekom, S.D. Lawn, K. Dheda, A. Whitelaw

Tropical Medicine & International Health, Vol. 15, Issue 8, pp. 981–989,
August 2010
9 pp. 86 kB:
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-3156.2010.02568.x/pdf
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major challenge to global public health in the 21st century.
In 2007, there were an estimated 9.27 million new cases and 1.3 million deaths among
HIV-negative patients with TB. The HIV-associated TB epidemic, drug-resistant disease,
the need for better diagnostic assays and the limited efficacy of Bacille Calmette–Guerin
vaccination are four important obstacles to further progress in global TB control. In this
brief review, the authors provide a focused update on these four key areas of TB re-
search.
***
Management of drug-resistant tuberculosis
by C-Y. Chiang, and H. S. Schaaf

Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 14(6):672-682 (June 2010)
11 pp. 368 kB:

http://www.ingentaconnect.com/search/article?title=Management+of+drug-
resistant+tuberculosis&title_type=tka&year_from=1998&year_to=2009&database=1&pageSize=20&index=4
Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) in adults is either acquired due to poor treatment

management or transmitted from infectious DR-TB cases, while children mainly have
transmitted disease. Diagnosis of DR-TB relies on drug susceptibility testing (DST),
which is not routinely performed in high tuberculosis (TB) burden settings. To prevent
the development of extensively drug-resistant TB, strategies are needed to protect the

Fluoroquinolones, the most important second-line agents. Clinical trials assessing MDR-
TB treatment regimens are urgently needed.
***
Towards more compassionate and effective care for drug resistant TB: im-
proving diagnosis and case detection
by Theo Smart
HIV & AIDS Treatment in Practice (HATIP), Issue 164, 27 August 2010
11 pp. 210 kB:

notes/web/HATIP-164.pdf
Suspected TB cases need to be confirmed rapidly, especially where there is a high risk
or suspicion of drug-resistant TB. Current waiting times, imposed by diagnostic inade-
quacies and poor funding, are unacceptable and contribute to the spread of MDR-TB
and high rates of mortality in people with drug resistance. This article is primarily in-
tended for microbiologists and TB specialists, advocates and those involved in the plan-
ning of laboratory services who wish to inform themselves in greater detail about recent
developments in the diagnosis of drug-resistant TB and service standards in TB diag-
nostics.
Other Infectious Diseases
Tropical Medicine & International Health Special Issue: SARS in China

Volume 14, Supplement s1, pp. 1–104, November 2009
All articles are freely accessible at:

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/tmi.2009.14.issue-s1/issuetoc
In 2003, the world was confronted with the emergence of a new and in
many cases fatal infectious disease, severe acute respiratory syndrome
(SARS). This supplement covers a wide range of studies. All available epidemiological
were brought together in one comprehensive database containing epidemiological in-
formation of all known 5327 SARS cases, including 343 deaths, from mainland China.
This unique series of articles provide a number of important insights for the SARS out-
break in mainland China. Above all, it is clear that after an initial difficult phase, the
SARS epidemic was contained successfully with traditional epidemiological methods at
hospital and population level.
***
Pandemic influenza preparedness in Africa is a profound challenge for an

already distressed region: analysis of national preparedness plans
by Giuseppina Ortu, Sandra Mounier-Jack and Richard Coker

Health Policy and Planning 2008 23(3):161-169 (1 April 2008)
9 pp. 105 kB:

http://heapol.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/23/3/161
Whilst many African countries have strategic pandemic influenza preparedness plans,
most are developmental in nature and lack operational clarity, or focus principally on the

containment of avian influenza rather than pandemic human influenza. Clear strategies,
that are operational, need to be developed that reflect the realities of national context
and resource constraints and that meet national objectives. These objectives need also
to be coherent with international imperatives such that the global threat of pandemic in-
fluenza can be met effectively and efficiently.
***
Chagas Disease
Nature Outlook Vol. 465, No. 7301 suppl. pp. S3-S22 (24 June 2010)
Free access to all articles at:

http://www.nature.com/nature/outlook/chagas/index.html
Chagas disease is one of the most neglected of the tropical diseases, yet millions of
people are infected with it. There are only two available drugs to treat it, both of which
are more than 40 years old and neither of which is ideal. As the global population has
become more internationally mobile, Chagas disease has spread from Latin America to
become a worldwide threat. This Outlook highlights some of the progress in understand-
ing and treating Chagas disease over its 101 years of recent history and outlines the
challenges still to be met.
***
Impact of Dengue
World Health Organization - Global Alert and Response (GAR),

2010
Read online at: http://www.who.int/csr/disease/dengue/impact/en/

and: http://www.who.int/csr/disease/dengue/en/
During the 19th century, dengue was considered a sporadic disease that caused epi-
demics at long intervals, a reflection of the slow pace of transport and limited travel at
that time. Today, dengue ranks as the most important mosquito-borne viral disease in
the world. In the last 50 years, incidence has increased 30-fold. Up to 50 million infec-
tions occur annually with 500,000 cases of dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) and
22,000 deaths mainly among children. The challenge for national and international
health agencies is to reverse the trend of increased epidemic dengue activity and in-
creased incidence of DHF.
***
Global leprosy situation, 2010 - Le point sur la lèpre dans le monde, 2010
Weekly Epidemiological Record Bulletin - Vol. 85, 35 (pp 337-348)

World Health Organization, 27 August 2010
12 pp. 732 kB:

http://www.who.int/entity/wer/2010/wer8535.pdf
***

Essential Medicines
Emergence of a new antibiotic resistance mechanism in India, Pakistan,

and the UK: a molecular, biological, and epidemiological study
by Karthikeyan K Kumarasamy, Mark A Toleman, Timothy R Walsh et al.

The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Vol. 10, Issue 9, pp. 597-602, September 2010
6 pp. 360 kB:

http://download.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/laninf/PIIS1473309910701432.pdf?id
=3d35b1b5aa0ec416:7c5d929b:12aa3b0f9ff:-7da41282646614938
The authors investigated the prevalence of “New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase 1” (NDM-1)

- created by a new gene that enables some types of bacteria to be highly resistant to
almost all antibiotics - in multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in India, Pakistan, and
the UK and conclude that the potential of NDM-1 to be a worldwide public health prob-
lem is great, and co-ordinated international surveillance is needed.
Social Protection
Social Protection Floor Initiative
Lead Agencies: ILO, WHO, June 2010
8 pp. 703 kB:

http://www.undg-policynet.org/ext/economic_crisis/17466.pdf
Sufficient income for adequate food, housing, water and sanitation, education, good
health, as well as taking part in cultural life, expressing oneself freely and sharing
knowledge and ideas - these are all human rights, rights that should be enjoyed by eve-
ryone, all of the time. At present four out of five people worldwide do not benefit from a
level of social protection that allows them to realize these human rights. Ensuring a ba-
sic level of social protection and a decent life for these people - many of whom are
struggling just to survive, is a necessity and an obligation under the Human Rights In-
struments. Such is the objective of the joint UN Social Protection Floor Initiative (SPF-I).
Human Resources
Non-Financial Incentives for Voluntary Community Health Workers: A

Qualitative Study
by Yared Amare
The Last Ten Kilometers Project, Working Paper No. 1, JSI Research &
Training Institute, Inc., Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2009
26 pp. 685 kB:

http://www.jsi.com/JSIInternet/Resources/Publications/DownloadDocument.cfm?DBLDO-
CID=11053&DBLLANGID=3&DOC=Non%2DFinancial%20Incentives%20for%20Voluntary%20C
ommunity%20Health%20Workers%20FINAL%2Epdf
The report explored various approaches to sustaining volunteerism among community

health workers in four regions of Ethiopia. Conducted as part of JSI Research & Training

Institute's Last 10 Kilometers (L10K) project in Ethiopia, the study explored the potential
of various non-financial incentives (NFI) used to engage and motivate volunteers. The
results of the study outline the factors motivating volunteer community health workers
(vCHWs), indicate other NFI mechanisms for consideration, and suggest programmatic
recommendations.
***
Zeroing In: AIDS Donors and Africa’s Health Workforce
by Nandini Oomman, David Wendt and Christina Droggitis

Center for Global Development, 2010
72 pp. 2.0 MB:

http://www.cgdev.org/files/1424385_file_CGD_Health_Workforce_FINAL.pdf
During the past decade, global AIDS donors’ attempts to strengthen the health work-
force in Africa have been temporary and HIV/AIDS-specific, doing little to address the
long-term sustainability and capacity of the workforce to handle all health needs. AIDS
donors need to move away from temporary and project-specific interventions and sup-
port instead more sustainable and long-term solutions to improve and strengthen Af-
rica's health workforce, which is necessary to achieve national and global health out-
comes.
Health Systems & Research
Per diems undermine health interventions, systems and research in Africa:

burying our heads in the sand
by Valéry Ridde
Tropical Medicine and International Health. Article first published online: 28 July 2010
4 pp. 50 kB:
notes/web/Perdiemitis.pdf
Acute ‘perdiemitis’ is decidedly one of the most prevalent illnesses in African public
health projects. These days, anyone attending a research results presentation work-
shop, a training session, or an intervention expects that the organizers will pay him a
premium - a per diem - for his participation. While per diems appear to have been origi-
nally used to compensate for the loss of time and income caused by such participation,
today they have become political instruments that taint research and intervention activi-
ties. The aim of this commentary is not to throw stones at anyone in particular. Rather, it
is to bring to light this phenomenon, known to all but seldom mentioned and little stud-
ied.
***
Contracting and Providing Basic Health Care Services in Honduras

A Comparison of Traditional and Alternative Service Delivery Models
by Ariadna Garcia Prado and Christine Lao Peña

World Bank's Health Nutrition and Population (HNP) Discussion Paper,
June 2010

40 pp. 1.8 MB:
http://siteresources.worldbank.org/HEALTHNUTRITIONANDPOPULATION/Resources/28
1627-1095698140167/PradoPenaContractingProviding.pdf
This study uses data from health facility and patient exit surveys carried out in 2006 in
Honduras to examine the characteristics of two basic health care provision models: a
traditional Ministry of Health (MOH) public health care one versus a community based
one also known as “alternative” or “public-social”. The authors compare these models
based on access, quality, costs, productivity, and management autonomy.
***
Innovative health service delivery models in low and middle income coun-
tries - what can we learn from the private sector?
by Onil Bhattacharyya, Sara Khor, Anita McGahan et al.

Health Research Policy and Systems 2010, 8:24 (15 July 2010)
11 pp. 492 kB:

http://www.health-policy-systems.com/content/pdf/1478-4505-8-24.pdf
A subset of private health organizations, some called social enterprises, have devel-
oped novel approaches to increase the availability, affordability and quality of health
care services to the poor through innovative health service delivery models. This study
aims to characterize these models and identify areas of innovation that have led to ef-
fective provision of care for the poor.
***
Systematic review: Effects, design choices, and context of pay-for-

performance in health care
by Pieter Van Herck, Delphine De Smedt, Lieven Annemans et al.

BMC Health Services Research 2010, 10:247 (23 August 2010)
43 pp. 283 kB:

http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1472-6963-10-247.pdf
Pay-for-performance (P4P) is one of the primary tools used to support healthcare deliv-
ery reform. This paper summarizes evidence, obtained from studies published between
January 1990 and July 2009, concerning P4P effects, as well as evidence on the impact
of design choices, and contextual mediators on these effects. P4P programs result in
the full spectrum of possible effects for specific targets, from absent or negligible to
strongly beneficial. Based on the evidence the review has provided further indications
on how effect findings are likely to relate to P4P design choices and context. The pro-
vided best practice hypotheses should be tested in future research.
***
The Role of Health Systems Strengthening in Effectively Updating and Dis-

seminating Family Planning/Reproductive Health Guidelines
by Joanne Spicehandler
United States Agency for International Development (USAID), August 2009
21 pp. 359 kB:

http://www.capacityproject.org/images/stories/files/role_of_hss_in_fp_rh_guidelines.pdf

This paper describes several systems strengthening innovations that have been suc-
cessful in achieving needed changes in service delivery practice, and argues that writ-
ten updates of family planning/reproductive health norms and standards must be com-
plemented with innovative systems strengthening to ensure their use in low-resource
settings.
***
Moving from Data on Deaths to Public Health Policy in Agincourt, South

Africa: Approaches to Analysing and Understanding Verbal Autopsy Find-
ings
Peter Byass, Kathleen Kahn, Edward Fottrell et al.

PLoS Med 7(8): e1000325 (17 August 2010)
8 pp. 120 kB:

http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/fetchObjectAttachment.action;jsessionid=1AD203C8800BD954D7465
D0F0163F134.ambra02?uri=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.1000325&representation=PDF
The authors compared two methods of assessing data from verbal autopsies, review by
physicians or probabilistic modelling, and show that probabilistic modelling is the most
efficient means of analyzing these data.
***
Making Data Meaningful

Part 1: A guide to writing stories about numbers
by Colleen Blessing, Vicki Crompton, Dag Ellingsen et al.

United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, 2009
28 pp. 1.6 MB:

http://www.unece.org/stats/documents/writing/MDM_Part1_English.pdf
The Making Data Meaningful guides are intended as a practical tool to help managers,
statisticians and media relations officers in statistical organizations use text, tables,
charts, maps and other devices to bring statistics to life for non-statisticians.
Part 2: A guide to presenting statistics
by Petteri Baer, Colleen Blessing, Eileen Capponi et al.

United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, 2009
58 pp. 2.2 MB:

http://www.unece.org/stats/documents/writing/MDM_Part2_English.pdf
The second guide provides guidelines and examples on preparing effective tables,
charts and maps, and using other forms of visualizations to make data meaningful. It
also offers advice on how to avoid bad or misleading visual presentations.
Education
Supporting the Educational Needs of HIV-Positive Learners in Tanzania
by Richard Mabala, Vicky Anning, Peter Badcock-Walters et al.

Tamasha (Youth Participatory Development Center), September 2009

29 pp. 231 kB:
http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0018/001875/187569e.pdf
As part of a two-country study (with Namibia), this document examines the

needs of children in school living with HIV and the extent to which their
rights and needs were being fulfilled. This research was carried out by in-
terviewing national policy-makers and officials, as well as district officials
in Njombe District, Tanzania. Children living with HIV and others affected
by AIDS were also interviewed, together with their parents, guardians and
teachers, and organizations working with them.
***
How to Get the Message Across: The Education Sector’s Response to the
Challenge of HIV Prevention among Most-at-risk Youth
Symposium Report
UNAIDS Inter-Agency Task Team on Education, Berlin, Germany

December 2, 2009
21 pp. 1.1 MB:

http://www.glp.net/c/document_library/get_file?p_l_id=473668&folderId=12858&name=DLFE-17658.pdf
This symposium provided a platform for exchange of experience and for reviewing evi-
dence on promising national approaches by the education sector to reach most-at-risk
youth. The objectives included 1) reviewing existing evidence on education sector ap-
proaches to HIV prevention; 2) exchanging experience on factors influencing successful
program planning and implementation; 3) promoting education initiatives to enhance
HIV prevention measures among adolescents and youth in national and/or regional con-
texts; and 4) developing recommendations for outreach strategies that target adoles-
cents and youth in an inclusive, gender-sensitive, and gender-transformative manner.
***
Best Practices in Inclusive Education for Children with Disabilities: Appli-

cations for Program Design in the Europe & Eurasia Region
Social Transition Team, Office of Democracy, Governance and Social Transition of the
United States Agency for International Development (USAID/E&E/DGST), March 2010
74 pp. 667 kB:

http://zunia.org/uploads/media/knowledge/Best%20Practices%20in%20Inclusive
%20Ed%20%20FINAL%200401101282050889.pdf
The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of best practices in inclusive educa-
tion, inform stakeholders of the current status of inclusive education in Europe and
Eurasia, describe the contextual factors which affect program implementation, and make
recommendations of practical start-up steps for inclusive education programs. The ulti-
mate purpose of this report is to improve inclusive education programming in the region.
***
The Impact of the 1999 Education Reform in Poland
by Maciej Jakubowski, Harry Anthony Patrinos, Emilo Ernesto Porta et al.

University of Warsaw, Working Papers No. 4/2010 (27), July 2010

32 pp. 385 kB:
http://www.wne.uw.edu.pl/inf/wyd/WP/WNE_WP27.pdf
To test that delayed vocational streaming improves academic outcomes,

this paper analyzes Poland’s significant improvement in international
achievement tests and the restructuring of the education system, which
expanded general schooling. The authors show that delaying vocational
education had a positive and significant impact on student performance
on the order of one standard deviation.
***
Harm Reduction and Drug Use
Cigarette smoking and its promotion: Editorials are not enough
by Alan Blum
Social Medicine, Vol. 5, No. 2 (2010) - Classics in Social Medicine
This article was originally published in The New York State Journal of
Medicine, Volume 83, Number 13, pp. 1245-1247, 1983.
4 pp. 600 kB:

http://www.socialmedicine.info/index.php/socialmedicine/article/viewFile/460/910
This issue of the Journal marks the 20th anniversary of the first report on smoking and
health by the Surgeon General of the United States Public Health Service. Preparations
for the issue began one year ago with a letter to the present Surgeon General, C.
Everett Koop, MD, requesting an interview on the subject of juvenile-onset cigarette
smoking. Dr Koop’s encouraging reply inspired other letters to individuals around the
world who have been deeply committed to ending the cigarette pandemic.
***
Alcohol-use disorders: Preventing the development of hazardous and

harmful drinking
UK National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence NICE, June 2010
100 pp. 468 kB:

http://www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/live/13001/48984/48984.pdf
Alcohol-related harm is a major health problem. The guidance identifies

how government policies on alcohol pricing, its availability and how it is marketed could
be used to combat such harm. Changes in policy in these areas is likely to be more ef-
fective in reducing alcohol-related harm among the population as a whole than actions
undertaken by local health professionals.
Global Health
Global Health and Foreign Policy
by Harley Feldbaum, Kelley Lee and Joshua Michaud

Epidemiologic Reviews 2010 32(1):82-92 (April 27, 2010)
11 pp. 143 kB:

http://epirev.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/32/1/82
In this paper, the authors review the relationship between global health
and foreign policy by examining the roles of health across 4 major com-
ponents of foreign policy: aid, trade, diplomacy, and national security. For
each of these aspects of foreign policy, the authors review current and historical issues
and discuss how foreign-policy interests have aided or impeded global health efforts.
The increasing relevance of global health to foreign policy holds both opportunities and
dangers for global efforts to improve health.
***
Framing health and foreign policy: lessons for global health diplomacy
by Ronald Labonte and Michelle Gagnon

Globalization and Health 2010, 6:14 (22 August 2010)
38 pp. 314 kB:

http://www.globalizationandhealth.com/content/pdf/1744-8603-6-14.pdf
Global health financing has increased dramatically in recent years, indicative of a rise in
health as a foreign policy issue. Several governments have issued specific foreign policy
statements on global health and a new term, global health diplomacy, has been coined
to describe the processes by which state and non-state actors engage to position health
issues more prominently in foreign policy decision-making. The analysis offered in this
article may prove helpful to those engaged in global health diplomacy or in efforts to
have global governance across a range of sectoral interests pay more attention to
health equity impacts.
***
Start with a Girl: A New Agenda for Global Health
by Miriam Temin and Ruth Levine

Center for Global Development, August 2010
116 pp. 5.2 MB:

http://www.cgdev.org/files/1422899_file_Start_with_a_Girl_FINAL.pdf
Improving adolescent girls’ health and wellbeing is critical to achieving virtually all inter-
national development goals, from reducing infant and child deaths to stimulating eco-
nomic growth and encouraging environmental sustainability. Governments and donors
seem to recognize this, but they have yet to take the specific actions needed to genu-
inely invest in adolescent girls’ health and, thereby, the health and wellbeing of genera-
tions to come.
***
Interactions between Global Health Initiatives and Country Health Systems:

The Case of a Neglected Tropical Diseases Control Program in Mali
by Anna Cavalli, Sory I. Bamba, Mamadou N. Traore et al.

PLoS Negl Trop Dis 4(8): e798 (17 August 2010)

7 pp. 110 kB:
http://www.plosntds.org/article/fetchObjectAttachment.action;jsessionid=242DF20A6FC4022BC9FE
D43A9DAE5B26.ambra01?uri=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pntd.0000798&representation=PDF
Prevention of neglected tropical diseases was recently significantly scaled up in sub-

Saharan Africa, protecting entire populations with mass distribution of drugs: five differ-
ent diseases are now addressed simultaneously with a package of four drugs. Some ar-
gue however that, similarly to other major control programs dealing with specific dis-
eases, this Neglected Tropical Diseases campaign fails to strengthen health systems
and might even negatively affect regular care provision.
***
Addressing global health governance challenges through a new mecha-

nism: the proposal for a Committee C of the World Health Assembly
by Ilona Kickbusch, Wolfgang Hein, Gaudenz Silberschmidt

Forthcoming in Special Issue of the Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics on Global
Health Governance, 2010
32 pp. 158 kB:

http://graduateinstitute.ch/webdav/site/globalhealth/shared/1894/2010%20O%20
Neill%20Committee%20C_final.pdf
There has been much discussion about improving global health governance and even
calls for a new global health architecture. Some authors continue to see WHO in the
center of such a new configuration, others see it as one organization amongst many
others and some consider it outdated. But the role of the organisation can only be de-
termined if there is greater clarity about the various domains of global health and its role
in relation to them.
***
The Copernican Shift in Global Health
by Santiago Alcázar
The Graduate Institute, Global Health Programme, 2008
27 pp. 1.1 MB:

http://graduateinstitute.ch/webdav/site/globalhealth/shared/
1894/Working%20Papers_003_WEB%20new%20version%2015062009.pdf
The author argues in this paper that the current economy- and trade-centred world is
shifting towards a more health-centred world. He draws parallels with the radical mind
shift provoked by Nicolaus Copernicus in putting the sun at centre stage, which had un-
foreseen impact in areas unconnected to astronomy. The author analyses this Coperni-
can shift in the diplomatic arena from trade to health, and highlights the important role
played by Brazil in these developments, which resulted in the Millennium Declaration,
the Doha Declaration and the Oslo Declaration giving health precedence over trade.
***
Trade Growth and Population Health: An Introductory Review
Editors: Caroline Andrew. Louise Bouchard, Ronald Labonté et al.

Transdisciplinary Studies in Population Health Series, Vol. 2(1) 2010, Institute of Popu-
lation Health, University of Ottawa

94 pp. 1.1 MB:
http://www.iph.uottawa.ca/eng/transdis/files/trade-health.pdf
This paper focuses on one central question: What are the actual or po-
tential implications of today’s global trade regime on health? The au-
thors approach the question indirectly through an examination of a
broad range of health-trade relationships. This reflects the paper’s in-
tent, which is to familiarize researchers and students across a range of
disciplines engaged in population health with some of the key health is-
sues and controversies associated with contemporary trade.
Millennium Development Goals
Who Are the MDG Trailblazers? A New MDG Progress Index
by Benjamin Leo and Julia Barmeier

Center for Global Development Working Paper 222, August 2010
34 pp. 937 kB:

http://www.cgdev.org/files/1424377_file_Leo_MDG_Index_FINAL.pdf
In this working paper, the authors introduce an MDG Progress Index to assess how on
or off track countries are toward MDG targets. They find evidence of dramatic achieve-
ments by many poor countries, such as Honduras, Laos, Ethiopia, Uganda, Burkina
Faso, Nepal, Cambodia, and Ghana. These countries’ performance suggests that they
may achieve most of the highly ambitious MDGs. Moreover, sub-Saharan Africa ac-
counts for many of the star MDG performers. Interestingly, poor countries perform
nearly on par with middle-income countries.
***
Human Rights and the Millennium Development Goals in Practice: A review

of country strategies and reporting
by Malcolm Langford
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
(OHCHR), 2010
48 pp. 1.1 MB:

http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/HR_MDGs_in_practice_EN.pdf
The primary objective of this publication is to review the extent to which - and how - hu-
man rights are reflected in national MDG-based development strategies and policies in a
selected number of African and Asian countries, to identify critical gaps and challenges,
and to see what practical lessons can be learned from these experiences.
Development Assistance
Scaling-up foreign aid: Will the ‘Big Push’ work?
by Simon Feeny and Mark McGillivray

Deakin University, Australia, 16 August 2010

22 pp. 1.8 MB:
http://www.deakin.edu.au/alfred-deakin-research-
institute/publications/workingpapers/adri-working-paper-05.pdf
International donors are substantially scaling up aid. At the same time,

they have reservations over how much aid recipient countries can use
effectively. Such concerns are supported by the aid effectiveness litera-
ture which finds that there are limits to the amounts of aid recipients can
efficiently absorb. This paper demonstrates that a ‘big push’ in foreign
aid will not lead to diminishing returns as long as donors get the inter-
country allocation of aid right. This is true even if donors provide aid at
levels equal to the well known target of 0.7 per cent of their Gross National Income.
***
A Post-2015 Development Agenda: What Role for ODA?
by Pedro M.G. Martins

Development Viewpoint, Number 54, August 2010
2 pp. 105 kB:

http://www.soas.ac.uk/cdpr/publications/dv/file60796.pdf
In 2005, at the Gleneagles G8 meeting, OECD donors committed themselves to sub-

stantially scaling up their aid to low-income countries as a means to boost financing for
the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). However, Official Development Assistance
(ODA) to these countries has remained low relative to their Gross National Incomes and
has continued to be volatile and unreliable. This Development Viewpoint offers some
suggestions on how the role of ODA could be strengthened for a post-2015 develop-
ment agenda.
***
Donor Coordination in Kenya and Mozambique
by Alena Stern and Josh Powell

AidData Blog, Tuesday, August 17, 2010
Read online at:

http://blog.aiddata.org/2010/08/responding-to-long-held-
concerns-about.html
Using new geo-referenced aid data, the authors considered the spatial and sectoral co-
ordination of all of the currently active projects of two donors – The World Bank and the
African Development Bank – within Kenya and Mozambique. Because of their influence,
analyzing the funding patterns of these two donors offers a sense of where a large pro-
portion of the funding to Kenya and Mozambique is going. It also calls attention to the
need to mainstream geo-referencing for the other approximately 50 active donors.
***
Sector Budget Support in Practice - Literature Review
by Geoff Handley
Overseas Development Institute, November 2009

68 pp. 876 kB:
http://www.odi.org.uk/resources/download/4578.pdf
The development of more programmatic approaches to aid delivery is intimately linked

to the aid effectiveness agenda and the Paris Declaration. This paper is a literature re-
view pertaining to the operation of Sector Budget Support (SBS) in practice. It aims to
develop a typology of SBS characterizing different approaches in operation and covers
a range of sector support modalities in use at country level. It presents and discusses
evidence from selected case studies.
Others
Guidelines for the Prevention and Clinical Management of Snakebite in Af-

rica
by Sanda Ashe, Roger Blaylock, Moses G.P. Chisale et al.

World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, 2010
152 pp. 4.4 MB:

http://www.afro.who.int/index.php?option=com_docman&task=do
c_download&gid=5529
Snakebite is a neglected public health problem mainly affecting rural populations where
medical resources are sparse. Health workers in both rural and urban settings are ill
prepared to deal with snakebite cases and effective antivenom is often not available.
Communities need to be educated about what to do and what not to do in case of
snakebite, and prior to transferring a patient to professional medical care. It is hoped
that these guidelines will provide the target audiences with the necessary practical in-
formation for dealing with snakes and snakebite within and outside health-care facilities.
***
Expansion of cancer care and control in countries of low and middle in-
come: a call to action
by Paul Farmer, Julio Frenk, Felicia M Knaul et al.

The Lancet, Early Online Publication, 16 August 2010
8 pp. 150 kB:

http://download.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS014067361061152X.pdf?i
d=4d037fefcb72946c:-46edeb18:12a7b68a4fb:42d71281976220228
The time has come to challenge and disprove the widespread assumption that cancer
will remain untreated in poor countries. The authors believe that compelling evidence of
the feasibility and effectiveness of comprehensive cancer control merits a renewed
global effort to expand cancer prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and palliation in coun-
tries of low and middle income, including provision of affordable and reliable drug sup-
plies and vaccines. Achievement of this aim will require additional resources that can be
derived from innovative global, regional, and national financing and procurement
mechanisms.
***

Can We Treat Cancer for a Dollar a Day? Guidelines for Low-Income Coun-
tries
by David J. Kerr and Rachel Midgley

The New England Journal of Medicine 363:9, August 26, 2010
3 pp. 420 kB:

http://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMp1002812?ssource=hcrc
Currently, a cancer diagnosis in the developing world is likely to mean a painful and dis-
tressing death. Although there is growing awareness of the magnitude of the increasing
cancer problem in low-income countries, the challenges of producing comprehensive
national cancer plans are substantial; not least of these is the need for financial prioriti-
zation. So will we be able to treat cancer for a dollar a day? At one level, the answer
might be yes, but we need to develop an evidence base that is appropriate to the capac-
ity of available health funds.
***
Confronting “Death on Wheels”

Making Roads Safe in Europe and Central Asia
by Patricio Marquez, George Banjo, Elena Chesheva et al.

Europe and Central Asia Human Development Department / The World
Bank, 2009
114 pp. 4.5 MB:

http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTECA/Resources/DeathonWheelsWeb.pdf
This report provides an overview of the challenges and opportunities in addressing road
safety in the Europe and Central Asian Region. It presents information on the size,
characteristics, and causes of the problem; presents evidence on the effectiveness of
measures that countries world-wide have adopted to improve road safety; briefly de-
scribes current international road safety policy; and discusses a range of strategies and
actions that could be undertaken.
***
Report of the implementation of the project “Improving Global Road

Safety: Setting Regional and National Road Traffic Casualty Reduction
Targets”
by Kate McMahon
United Nations Regional Commissions, 2010
108 pp. 2.0 MB:

http://www.unece.org/trans/roadsafe/docs/Recommendations_2009.pdf
The report describes the objectives of the project, its regional activities, and the key is-
sues for successfully setting and achieving road safety targets. Amongst other things, it
explains the different levels of target setting - final outcome targets, intermediate out-
come targets, and output targets – and how to apply them in a given context.
***

Introduction Logical Framework
Toolkit ‘Sport for Development’, 2010
12 pp. 163 kB:

http://www.toolkitsportdevelopment.org/html/resources/2A/2A049D
5E-E038-4FFB-B9B9-93A34FF55F5E/08%20Logical%20Framework.pdf
The Logical Framework is a widely used tool to describe major elements

of a project; it gives answers to questions about the why, what and how of a project and
also about the who, where and when. The description is presented in the form of a 4x4-
matrix.
ELECTRONIC RESOURCES
Global Atlas of Helminth Infections
http://www.thiswormyworld.org/
More than a third of the world's population is infected with worms (helminths). There are
many different types of worm infection, but the most common are soil-transmitted
helminths (roundworm, whipworm and hookworm) and schistosomiasis which can nega-
tively affect children’s health, nutrition and education. Maps showing the distribution and
prevalence of worm infections in every African country have now been made available
online at ‘This Wormy World’.
***
Visualizing Aid Information using Geo-Coding: Using images to increase

aid effectiveness
http://www.aiddata.org/geocoding
A just-launched geocoded global map outlining how much individual donors have given
to which aid projects and where, will highlight aid gaps, imbalances and duplication, and
through this, improve donor coordination. The AidData country maps currently give de-
tails of 1,200 development projects in 42 countries - currently all by the World Bank or
African Development Bank. AidData, which developed the maps with Uppsala Univer-
sity's conflict data programme, is pushing more donors to come on board.
***
The Open AIDS Journal
http://www.bentham.org/open/toaidj/openaccess2.htm
The Open AIDS Journal is an Open Access online journal, which pub-
lishes research articles and letters in all areas of research on HIV / AIDS.
The journal covers recent studies on experimental; clinical; therapeutic;
pathogenesis; vaccines; drug resistance; diagnostics and virology on HIV
/ AIDS. The journal aims to provide the most complete and reliable source of information
on current developments in the field.
***

Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine
Vol. 11, No 1 (2010)

http://www.sajhivmed.org.za/index.php/sajhivmed/issue/current/showToc
***
Synergistic Pandemics: Confronting the Global HIV and Tuberculosis Epi-

demics
Clinical Infectious Diseases Vol. 50, Number S3

15 May 2010 Supplement
http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/toc/cid/2010/50/S3
***
Micro Insurance Voices - Issue 6, August 2010
Read the newsletter online at:

http://www.microinsuranceacademy.org/voices-aug2010v4
The latest issue of Micro Insurance Voices, the newsletter of the Micro Insurance Acad-
emy (MIA), is available online. This edition includes details on the release of the MIA-
produced first full-length Bollywood movie on microinsurance, a short briefing note on
MIA's recent work in Tanzania, and news on MIA's work at grassroots level in South
Asia.
INTERESTING WEB SITES

Antibiotic / Antimicrobial Resistance
http://www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/index.html
CDC has launched an enhanced Antibiotic and Antimicrobial Resis-

tance web portal. The new website provides an entry point for all an-
timicrobial resistance activities for the agency. Topics covered in-
clude: general information on drug-resistant pathogens, surveillance systems which
track and monitor these infections, educational campaign resources, and laboratory test-
ing and training resources. The site offers insight and information geared toward all
readers from the general public to clinicians.
***
OncoNET
http://onconet.nic.in/
OncoNET establishes knowledge enabled network be-

tween 27 Regional Cancer Centres (RCCs) and 108
peripheral cancer centres (PCCs) across India. This
collaborative network between Healthcare Service
Providers, Healthcare Professionals and common citizens is expected to facilitate early

detection of cancer patients across the country through peripheral centres, delivery of
telemedicine services to them, creation of cancer patients' register, Electronic Health
Records (EHR), Continued Medical Education (CME) programmes, R & D works etc…
***
The Center for Health Market Innovations (CHMI)
http://healthmarketinnovations.org/
CHMI works to improve health markets in developing countries to deliver better results
for the poor. The CHMI site organizes key facts about more than 600 programs in 102
countries that offer promising new solutions to reform the way poor people access
health care. The site helps connect program implementers working towards the same
goals, and helps them find funding to scale up their approach.
***
TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES
HIV and Most-at-Risk Populations (MARPs)
18 - 29 October, 2010
Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam,
Tanzania in collaboration with the University of Oslo, Norway
Vulnerability for HIV is substantially higher in some specific population groups than in
the general population. There is limited information available about some of these
groups and the circumstances that put them at risk, and appropriate prevention interven-
tions are often lacking. This represents important challenges within these groups as well
as for the overall HIV epidemic. The course is geared towards those working in the
HIV/AIDS sector, including researchers and students, and is open to candidates from
across Africa.
Download more information at:
http://www.irinnews.org/pdf/MARPs_course_announcement_onepager.pdf
***
For Protection and Promotion: The Design and Implementation of Effective

Social Safety Nets
6-17 December, 2010

The World Bank – Washington D.C.
The course was designed to help policy makers, development professionals, social
partners, and academics grapple with key quest ions dealing not only with the design
and implementation of individual safety net interventions but also policy implications in-
cluding the making of an integrated safety net system, as well as new development in
activation and graduation programmes for safety nets beneficiaries.
Deadline for application: 15 October, 2010.

For more information and an application form see:
http://www.worldbank.org/safetynets/sncc2010

JOB OPPORTUNITIES
L’Institut Tropical et de Santé Publique Suisse (Swiss TPH): Coordinateur-
trice de Programme Santé
Spécialiste en soins de santé primaires et renforce-

ment des systèmes de santé de districts dans les
pays en développement
Poste basé en République Démocratique du Congo (Uvira & Ruzizi/Province du Sud Ki-
vu)
Le poste est à pourvoir à partir du 15 novembre 2010 et la date limite pour postuler est
le 15 septembre 2010. Si vous êtes intéressé-e, veuillez nous faire parvenir votre candi-
dature par email avec CV ainsi que les contacts de deux personnes de référence à
l’adresse suivante:
Silvan Bärtschi
Human Resources
Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH)
Socinstr. 57, CH-4002 Basel/Switzerland
Phone: +41-61-284-8246 Fax: +41-61-284-8101
E-mail: silvan.baertschi@unibas.ch copié à florence.secula@unibas.ch
Pour plus amples informations, veuillez consulter:
http://www.swisstph.ch/fileadmin/user_upload/Pdfs/Job_opportunities/swisstph_job_Coo
rdinateurTriceProgrammeSant%C3%A9.pdf
CONFERENCES
World Health Summit 2010
10 - 13 October, 2010
Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Campus Mitte), Germany
“Translation - Transition - Transformation”
The World Health Summit is the world’s foremost meeting of researchers, physicians,
politicians and stake holders within the healthcare system. It takes place every year and
it has strong political support. The 2010 Summit will be held under the patronage of
French President Nicolas Sarkozy and the German Chancellor Angela Merkel.
The Lancet as primary media partner will publish a theme issue coinciding with the
Summit dedicated to the topics discussed in Berlin and will continue as a partner to the
World Health Summit.
For more information see: http://www.worldhealthsummit.org/index.php?id=345
***
Parasite to prevention - Advances in the understanding of malaria
20-22 October, 2010

Edinburgh Conference Centre, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh UK
This international conference brings together leading researchers

and industry representatives who will review important recent findings in parasite and
vector biology, disease pathophysiology and immunology, disease treatment, prevention
and control. Attendees will learn about the latest developments in key areas and initia-
tives that are at the forefront of malaria research.
For more information see: http://www.parasitetoprevention.com/
CARTOON
TIPS & TRICKS

Searching Google Images
If you have done an image search on Google lately, you have probably noticed that they
have changed their format around a little bit. You may notice a link that says “Similar”.
How this comes in handy is if you are looking for a particular image, but want to see
what else is out there that has like traits. So, if the image in question has a colour
scheme you like or the picture is taken at a certain angle, you can just click “Similar” and
bring up more results that fit your criteria.
For example, when searching for computer images you found a picture of a laptop:

Then you click “Similar” and get these ones:
Make Phone Calls in Google Mail
Google announced that users would be able to make phone calls to any traditional
number right from the Gmail interface. It is free as long as you are calling someone in
the United States or Canada, and the promise of international calls billed as low as 2¢ a
minute doesn’t hurt. For the beginning it is restricted US residents only. So here is how
to do it:
Log into your Gmail ac-
count, and under the Chat
section on the left side you
will notice a new option
that says “Call phone”.
Click on it. Upon clicking it,
a traditional phone dial pad
will pop up. You will need
to install the Google Chat
and Video plug-in for your
browser before you can make a call, but there is a link provided right in the call interface
and it doesn’t take too long to set up.
After you have set that up, make sure you have got a microphone hooked up to your
computer, input a number for someone you would like to call and hit the Call button. It
rings, acts and sounds exactly like a regular phone call, and the best part is: it is free for
the rest of 2010.
***
Free OCR
http://www.free-ocr.com/
Free-OCR.com is a free online OCR (Optical Character Recognition) tool. You can use
this service to extract text from any image you supply. This service is free, no registra-
tion necessary. They also do not need your e-mail address.
Just upload your image files. Free-OCR takes either a JPG, GIF, TIFF BMP or PDF
(only first page). The only restriction is that the images must not be larger than 2.0 MB,
no wider or higher than 5000 pixels and there is a limit of 10 image uploads per hour.
Free-OCR can handle images with multi-column text and also supports many lan-
guages.

Free Printable Calendars
http://www.calendarlabs.com/
Calendarlabs offer free printable calendars that are completely customizable. They pro-
vide monthly calendars premade that all you have to do is print
them out. But that’s not all they offer. You can also make a cus-
tom calendar by clicking the Custom option under the Online Cal-
endar option. Fill out the form with the options you want to use in
your calendar, and then click the Create Calendar button. That
will open your calendar in another window where you can view it
and if you want click the Show Printable Format button to get a
version to print out.
Best regards,
Dieter Neuvians MD

Health, Education, Social Protection News &amp; Notes 18/2010

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Health, Education, Social Protection

News & Notes 18/2010

ONLINE PUBLICATIONS .................................................... 5

HESP-News & Notes - 18/2010 - page 1

HESP-News & Notes - 18/2010 - page 2

ELECTRONIC RESOURCES ............................................ 26

INTERESTING WEB SITES .............................................. 27

TIPS & TRICKS ................................................................. 30

To subscribe for free to the newsletter send an e-mail to:

HESP-News & Notes - 18/2010 - page 3

by Linda Demers, José Miguel Guzmán, Janet Jensen et al.

346 pp. 3.3 MB:

Caring for Trafficked Persons: Guidance for Health Providers

by Melanie Abas, Idit Albert, Islene Araujo et al.

230 pp. 1.1 MB:

Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2010

by Douglas Brooks et al.

322 pp. 3.0 MB:

HESP-News & Notes - 18/2010 - page 4

South-South Migration: Implications for Social Policy and Development

by Katja Hujo, Nicola Piper, E. Kofman et al.

Palgrave, 256 pp. ISBN: 9780230271586, Price: GBP 65.00

In an increasingly globalized and interconnected world, migration has emerged as one

Guidelines on HIV and infant feeding 2010

by Peggy Henderson and Nigel Rollins

58 pp. 1.6 MB:

Rethinking Prevention of HIV Type 1 Infection

by David N. Burns, Carl W. Dieffenbach and Sten H. Vermund

HESP-News & Notes - 18/2010 - page 5

Selecting HIV infection prevention interventions in the mature HIV epi-

by Kenneth Maleta and Cameron Bowie

13 pp. 212 kB:

HIV, transmitted drug resistance, and the paradox of preexposure prophy-

by Virginie Superviea, J. Gerardo García-Lermab, Walid Heneineb et al.

6 pp. 803 kB:

Special Report on the State of HIV/AIDS in South Africa

by Peter S. Navario, Linda-Gail Bekker, Mark Blecher et al.

8 pp. 197 kB:

HESP-News & Notes - 18/2010 - page 6

The carnivalesque factor in southern African HIV pandemic

5 pp. 370 kB:

Facilitating HIV Testing and Disclosure with Children and Adolescents

by M. Vijaya Kumar, Vaishakhi M. Chaturvedi et al.

42 pp. 336 kB:

Sexual & Reproductive Health

The End is in Sight: Moving Toward the Abandonment of Female Genital

by Nafissatou J. Diop, Petrina Lee Poy, Francesca Moneti et al.

36 pp. 8.4 MB:

HESP-News & Notes - 18/2010 - page 7

Global Consultation on Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting

by Benson Morah, Margaret Thuo, Seynabou Tall et al.

112 pp. 6.2 MB:

Unintended Pregnancies in the Middle East and North Africa

by Farzaneh Roudi-Fahimi and Ahmed Abdul Monem

8 pp. 1.2 MB:

Improving the Reproductive Health of Sub-Saharan Africa's Youth: A Route

by Karin Ringheim and James Gribble

40 pp. 3.1 MB:

HESP-News & Notes - 18/2010 - page 8

Maternal, Newborn, Child and Reproductive Health

Global Health Council, May 2010

by John Baird, Steven Ma and Jennifer Prah Ruger

8 pp. 395 kB:

Efficacy of pentavalent rotavirus vaccine against severe rotavirus gastro-

Health, Education, Social Protection News & Notes 18/2010

Health, Education, Social Protection News & Notes 18/2010