Active and Passive Voice

By Swara Bhaskara on May 27, 2009 17:12 65 Comments

Kalimat aktif (active voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya melakukan pekerjaan,
sebaliknya, kalimat pasif (passive voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya dikenai
pekerjaan oleh object kalimat. Active voice lebih sering digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-
hari dibandingkan dengan passive voice. Namun demikian, sering kita temukan passive voice
di surat-surat kabar, artikel-artikel di majalah-majalah dan tulisan-tulisan ilmiah. Passive
voice digunakan karena object dari active voice merupakan informasi yang lebih penting
dibandingkan dengan subject-nya.
Contoh :
Active : We fertilize the soil every 6 months
Passive: The soil is fertilized by us every 6 months
Dari contoh ini dapat kita lihat bahwa:
1. Object dari active voice (the soil) menjadi subject dari passive voice
2. Subject dari active voice (we) menjadi object dari passive voice. Perhatikan pula
bahwa terjadi perubahan dari subject pronoun we menjadi object pronoun us.
3. Verb1 (fertilize) pada active voice menjadi verb3 (fertilized) pada passive voice.
4. Ditambahkannya be is di depan verb3. Be yang digunakan adalah tergantung pada
subject passive voice dan tenses yang digunakan. (Perhatikan pola-pola passive voice
di bawah).
5. Ditambahkannya kata by di belakang verb3. Namun, jika object dari passive voice
dianggap tidak penting atau tidak diketahui, maka object biasanya tidak dikemukakan
dan begitu pula kata by.
6. Khusus untuk kalimat-kalimat progressive (present, past, past perfect, future, past
future, dan past future perfect continuous, perlu menambahkan being di depan
verb3). Kalau tidak ditambahkan being, tensisnya akan berubah, bukan
progressive/continuous lagi. Perhatikan contoh-contoh pada poin h o di bawah.
Berdasarkan keenam poin di atas maka passive voice mengikuti pola sebagai berikut:
Subject + be + Verb3 + by + Object + modifier
Pola active dan passive voice pada tiap tensis
a. Jika active voice dalam simple present tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah is, am
atau are.
Contoh:
Active : He meets them everyday.
Passive : They are met by him everyday.
Active : She waters this plant every two days.
Passive : This plant is watered by her every two days.
b. Jika active voice dalam simple past tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah was atau
were
Contoh:
Active : He met them yesterday
Passive : They were met by him yesterday
Active : She watered this plant this morning
Passive : This plant was watered by her this morning
c. Jika active voice dalam present perfect tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah been
yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary has atau have, sehingga menjadi has been atau have
been
Contoh:
Active : He has met them
Passive : They have been met by him
Active : She has watered this plant for 5 minutes.
Passive : This plant has been watered by her for 5 minutes.

d. Jika active voice dalam past perfect tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah been yang
diletakkan setelah auxiliary had, sehingga menjadi had been
Contoh:
Active : He had met them before I came.
Passive : They had been met by him before I came.
Active : She had watered this plant for 5 minutes when I got here
Passive : This plant had been watered by her for 5 minutes when I got here
e. Jika active voice dalam simple future tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah be
Contoh:
Active : He will meet them tomorrow.
Passive : They will be met by him tomorrow.
Active : She will water this plant this afternoon.
Passive : This plant will be watered by her this afternoon.
Active : The farmers are going to harvest the crops next week
Passive : The crops are going to be harvested by the farmers next week.
f. Jika active voice dalam future perfect tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah been
yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary will have, sehingga menjadi will have been
Contoh:
Active : He will have met them before I get there tomorrow.
Passive : They will have been met by him before I get there tomorrow.
Active : She will have watered this plant before I get here this afternoon.
Passive : This plant will have been watered by her before I get here this afternoon.
g. Jika active voice dalam past future perfect tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah
been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary would have, sehingga menjadi would have been.
Contoh:
Active : He would have met them.
Passive : They would have been met by him.
Active : She would have watered this plant.
Passive : This plant would have been watered by her.
h. Jika active voice dalam present continuous tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah (is,
am atau are) + being.
Contoh:
Active : He is meeting them now.
Passive : They are being met by him now.
Active : She is watering this plant now.
Passive : This plant is being watered by her now.
i. Jika active voice dalam past continuous tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah (was
atau were) + being.
Contoh:
Active : He was meeting them.
Passive : They were being met by him.
Active : She was watering this plant.
Passive : This plant was being watered by her.
j. Jika active voice dalam perfect continuous tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah
(has/have) been + being.
Contoh:
Active : He has been meeting them.
Passive : They have been being met by him.
Active : She has been watering this plant.
Passive : This plant has been being watered by her.
k. Jika active voice dalam past perfect continuous tense, maka be passive voice-nya
adalah had been + being.
Contoh:
Active : He had been meeting them.
Passive : They had been being met by him.
Active : She had been watering this plant.
Passive : This plant had been being watered by her.
l. Jika active voice dalam future continuous tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah will
be + being.
Contoh:
Active : He will be meeting them.
Passive : They will be being met by him.
Active : She will be watering this plant.
Passive : This plant will be being watered by her.
m. Jika active voice dalam past future continuous tense, maka be passive voice-nya
adalah would be + being.
Contoh:
Active : He would be meeting them.
Passive : They would be being met by him.
Active : She would be watering this plant.
Passive : This plant would be being watered by her.
n. Jika active voice dalam future perfect continuous tense, maka be passive voice-nya
adalah will have been + being.
Contoh:
Active : He will have been meeting them.
Passive : They will have been being met by him.
Active : She will have been watering this plant.
Passive : This plant will have been being watered by her.
o. Jika active voice dalam past future perfect continuous tense, maka be passive voice-
nya adalah would have been + being.
Contoh:
Active : He would be meeting them.
Passive : They would be being met by him.
 Active : She would be watering this plant.
Passive : This plant would be being watered by her.
PENGGUNAAN WAS dan WERE DALAM PASSIVE VOICE.
Saya asumsikan pertanyaan Dedy adalah contoh penggunaan to be was dan were
dalam kalimat pasif (passive voice). Jika demikian,
1. Was dan were dalam simple past tense.
Polanya:
I/He/She/It + was + verb3 +
You/We/They + were + verb3 +
Contoh:
a. I was kissed by my dog earlier tonight.
b. He was hit by a car last week.
c. She was accepted to be a secretary at my school.
d. It was found by Christopher Columbus in 1492.
e. You were excluded from the team.
f. We were kept in the house.
g. They were repaired and repainted.
2. Was dan were dalam past continuous tense.
Polanya:
I/He/She/It + was + + being + verb3 +
You/We/They + were + + being verb3 +
Contoh:
a. I was being kissed by my dog when my daughter came.
b. He was being interrogated by my father
c. She was being hugged by her boyfriend when I entered the room.
d. It was being considered by the committee.
e. You were being looked for by the teacher at ten oclock this morning.
f. We were being kept in the house when the police found us.
g. They were being repaired and repainted when I arrived there.
3. Was dan were dalam past future tense.
Polanya:
I/He/She/It + was going to be + verb3 +
You/We/They + were going to be + verb3 +
Contoh:
a. I was going to be promoted as the companys manager last month.
b. He was going to be interrogated by my father yesterday.
c. She was going to be sent to Australia but she failed to get a visa.
d. It was going to be considered by the committee last Monday but it was postponed.
e. You were going to be left alone but luckily you showed up on time.
f. We were going to be taught by Ms. Jasmine but she changed her mind.
g. They were going to be repaired and repainted but my money was not enough.
4. Was dan were dalam past future continuous tense.
Polanya:
I/He/She/It + was going to be + being + verb3 +
You/We/They + were going to be + being + verb3 +