Islamic University of Lebanon

Faculty of Engineering

Department of Civil Engineering CE /2017

Report:

Reinforced Concrete

Realized by:
Abbas Yassine
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Table of Contents
Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 5
Code: ......................................................................................................................................................... 5
Description of the project: ........................................................................................................................ 5
Target of project: .................................................................................................................................. 5
Architectural Characteristics of the project: ......................................................................................... 5
The structure is designed to sustain the following loads: .................................................................... 5
Concrete: ............................................................................................................................................... 6
Reinforcement: ..................................................................................................................................... 6
Cover ..................................................................................................................................................... 6
CHAPTER 1: Service Load & Columns ........................................................................................................... 7
.................................................................................................................................................................. 7
Calculation of Dead load and live load (DL; LL) to deduce Pservice: ........................................................ 8
Ribbed one-way slab of thickness 25 cm=18 cm +7 cm: ...................................................................... 8
Ribs: ....................................................................................................................................................... 8
Beams:................................................................................................................................................... 8
Columns: ............................................................................................................................................... 8
Calculation of Columns ......................................................................................................................... 9
Types of shallow foundation are: ........................................................................................................... 10
CHAPTER 2: Foundation .............................................................................................................................. 10
1. Strip Footing: ................................................................................................................................... 11
2. Spread or Isolated Footing: ............................................................................................................. 11
3. Combined Footing: .......................................................................................................................... 11
4. Strap or Cantilever footing: ............................................................................................................. 12
5. Mat or Raft Foundations: ................................................................................................................ 12
Calculations: ............................................................................................................................................ 12
Rectangular ......................................................................................................................................... 12
Steel: ................................................................................................................................................... 13
Combined ............................................................................................................................................ 15
Steel: ................................................................................................................................................... 15
CHAPTER 3: Beams ...................................................................................................................................... 18
Calculation: ............................................................................................................................................. 19

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Steel: ................................................................................................................................................... 19
Stirrups: ............................................................................................................................................... 22
Ribs calculation ................................................................................................................................... 23
Double-ribs calculation: ...................................................................................................................... 23

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INTRODUCTION
Concrete is a carefully proportioned mixture of cement, water, fine aggregate and coarse
aggregate. The water-cement ratio is the major variable influencing the strength and
durability of concrete. In the field, the 28-day compressive strength f'c can be attained
only if concrete is correctly proportioned, completely mixed, carefully placed, well
compacted, protected from freezing, and thoroughly cured. Although a variety of
materials such as glass fibers and plastic filaments have been used as reinforcement, most
concrete members reinforced with steel in the form of bars. Deformed bars are
manufactured in diameters from 11.3 to 56.4 mm.
Code:
A code is a set of technical specifications and standards that control important details of
design and construction. The purpose of codes is to procedure sound structures so that
the public will be protected from poor or inadequate design and construction.
we use in the project the American Concrete Institute (ACI) Building Code 318-95, this
code is covering the design of reinforced concrete buildings.
Particular care should be given to the placing of reinforcement, the making of concrete,
and following the specifications carefully.
Description of the project:
Target of project:
Design of building by reinforced concrete using the ACI Code (recommended the use of
the ultimate strength design with ultimate loads applied), with maximum safety and
minimum cost.
Architectural Characteristics of the project:
The building selected is made of 6 typical floors, ground floor, basement & roof:
GF is composed of a salon, dining room, living room, kitchen, bedroom, 2 baths, lobby
and 2 balconies.
Typical floors are composed of 4 bedrooms, 2 baths, lobby and 2 balconies.
With an area of each floor that equals 185 m2.
The structure is designed to sustain the following loads:
Dead loads: the own weight of all concrete structural elements is based on a
concrete self-weight of 2500 kg/m.
Live loads: 200 kg/m for all floors except basement and balconies though we
didnt take it into consideration.

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According to ACI: WU = 1.2*DL+ 1.6*LL.
Concrete:
1. All reinforced concrete elements should have a minimum compressive strength
(6x12 in. cylinder) at 28 days: f'c = 300 kg/cm.
2. All cement for reinforced concrete, shall be ordinary Portland cement type I.
Reinforcement:
All reinforcement (tor steel denoted T) to be of high tensile steel having a minimum
yield stress fy = 4200 kg/cm and a maximum carbon content of 0.3%.
Cover
The concrete protective cover for any reinforcement shall be as follows, unless
otherwise shown on the drawings
For slabs and walls not exposed to earth or weather: 3cm.
For basement walls: 5cm.
For drop beams and columns: 4cm.

For footings: 7.5cm.

For all surfaces in contact with water or vapor: 5cm.
Thickness
Simply One end Both end
Cantilever
supported continuous continuous
Solid one way slab l/20 l/24 l/28 l/10
Beam or Ribbed
l/16 l/18.5 l/21 l/8
one way slab
Table (according to ACI code) to establish the depth of slab required to control deflections.
First, we choose the direction of beams in way to obtain the minimum thickness of the slab
needed to obtain minimum deflections. Note that the thickness of beams should be less than the
thickness of the slab so that the beam will be totally hidden by the slab.
According to the table (ACI code), we are going to design a one way ribbed slab.
Slab: max distance between two beams = 4.5 m
Beam: max span length = 4.5 m
According to the table above which obeys the ACI code:
hmin(slab)= l/18.5=4.5/18.5=24.3 cm (one end continuous)
hmin(beam)= l/18.5=4.5/18.5=24.3 cm (one end continuous)
Take h = 25cm a thickness for beams & slab.

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CHAPTER 1: SERVICE LOAD
& COLUMNS

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Calculation of Dead load and live load (DL; LL) to deduce Pservice:
Ribbed one-way slab of thickness 25 cm=18 cm +7 cm:
o = (0.57 0.25 0.4 0.18) 2500 /3 + 5 14 = 246.25
o ( + ) = 200 /2 0.57 = 114 /
o ( ) = 200 /2 0.57 = 114 /
+ + = 246.25 + 114 + 114 = 474.25

Ribs:
= + = 474.25 + = 474.25 + 100 0.57 = 531.25 /

0.53 / (); =
Beams:
1 + 2 +
+=( ) 0.75 + (0.25 + 2500 /3 + 200 /2 ) 0.25 = 880.26 /2
0.57
= + = 880.26 + = 880.26 + 100 = 980.26 /2

0.98 / 2 (); =
Columns:
= + = 880.26 /2

0.88 / 2 (); =
Habitation:
= = +
= (2 ) + 1.2( ) (2 ) + 0.75() () + 0.25( )
(2 ) + 0.25( (2 )
2 2 2)

Basement:

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 = = +
= (2 ) + 1.2( ) (2 ) + 0.75() () + 1.15( )
(2 ) + 0.25( (2 )
2 2 2)

Roof:
= = +
= 1.15( ) (2 )
2
Or: S=Area of Slab; A=Attic (m2); E=Stairs
C=Partition; r=Ramp (m2); (Table of columns)
Remark:
Each column in a building hold a part of slab, this part has an area =S
At the interior of this area there is: Partitions, staircase, attic or ramp
Partition of a 10 cm thickness C10 750 kg/m (weight)
Partition of a 15 cm thickness C15 1000 kg/m
Partition of a 20 cm thickness C20 1250 kg/m
All results of Pserivce calculation are shown in the following table:
Calculation of Columns
Example of P1 in first floor:

Pu = Pservice * 1.35 = 47.3*1.35= 63.8 ton

1000 49.71000
Ag = = = 386.92
0.80.70.85 +(0.85;) 0.80.70.85300+0.01(42000.85300)

Take = . and a=20cm:

Ag =a*b
386.9
b= = = 20 b=40 cm (Min b=40 cm).
20
As= = 0.01 20 40 = 8 2
8
= = = 5.19 6 614
1.54 1.5
: in general, =6mm or 8 mm.
Spacing (S):
According to ACI: distance bars-Stirrups 15cm & 3 stirrups in a cover.

All results of Columns calculation are shown in the following table:

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CHAPTER 2: FOUNDATION

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Types of shallow foundation are:
Strip footing
Spread or isolated footing
Combined footing Strap or cantilever footing
Mat or raft Foundation.

1. Strip Footing:
A strip footing is provided for a load-bearing wall. A strip footing is also provided
for a row of columns which are so closely spaced that their spread footings
overlap or nearly touch each other. In such a case, it is more economical to
provide a strip footing than to provide a number of spread footings in one line. A
strip footing is also known as continuous footing.

2. Spread or Isolated Footing:

A spread footing (or isolated or pad) footing is provided to support an individual
column. A spread footing is circular, square or rectangular slab of uniform
thickness. Sometimes, it is stepped or hunched to spread the load over a large
area.

3. Combined Footing:
A combined footing supports two columns. It is used when the two columns are so close to each
other that their individual footings would overlap. A combined footing is also provided when the
property line is so close to one column that a spread footing would be eccentrically loaded when
kept entirely within the property line. By combining it with that of an interior column, the load is
evenly distributed. A combined footing may be rectangular or trapezoidal in plan.

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4. Strap or Cantilever footing:
A strap (or cantilever) footing consists of two isolated footings
connected with a structural strap or a lever. The strap
connects the two footings such that they behave as one unit.
The strap is designed as a rigid beam. The individual footings
are so designed that their combined line of action passes
through the resultant of the total load. a strap footing is more
economical than a combined footing when the allowable soil
pressure is relatively high and the distance between the
columns is large.

5. Mat or Raft Foundations:

A mat or raft foundation is a large slab supporting a number of columns and walls under the
entire structure or a large part of the structure. A mat is required when the allowable soil
pressure is low or where the columns and walls are so close that individual footings would overlap
or nearly touch each other.
Mat foundations are useful in reducing the differential settlements on non-homogeneous soils
or where there is a large variation in the loads on individual columns.

Foundation design:
Rectangular
= 30 /2 ; PService = 75 ton
( + )1.08 ( )1.08
A Required = = = =

(75)1.081002
= 27000 2
30
Let B = 150 cm
27000
L= = = 180
150
A Provided = L = 27000 2
Thickness calculation (h):
1) Flexural Shear
2) Punching Shear
Flexural Shear:
1.35 1.3575103
Qu net = = = = 3.75 /2
27000
Let d = 40 cm
Vu =

Where Flexural Area = B*( )
2

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 18045
Vu = 3.75 150 ( 40) = 15468.75
2
= 0.85 (0.53 )
= 0.85 (0.53300 150 40)
= 46817.3
If Vu <
Pass
= + 10
= 40 + 10
= 50
NB: Checking on flexural shear in rectangular footing is sufficient so no need to check punching.
Sketch does not match naming
Steel:
In long Direction (L):
18045 2
2 (
2
)
Mu = QuB where x = = 3.75150 = 1281445.313 .
2 2 2
1281445.313
Rn= 2 = = 5.93
0.9150402

0.85 2
= (1 (1 )
0.85

0.85 300 2 5.93

= (1 (1 )
4200 0.85 300
= 0.00142 <
= 0.00142 < 0.0033
Take
Take = 14 ( = 1.542 )
As Required = = 0.0033 150 40 = 19.8 2
As Required 19.8
n bars = = 1.54 = 13

As Provided = n bars* = 13 1.54 = 21 2
Spacing:
(62.54) 150(62.54)
S= = = 11
1 131

Ld Required = 0.06
4200
= 0.06 1.54 = 22.4
300

Ld Provided = ( 2) (3" 2.54)
45
= (180 ) (3" 2.54)
2
= 149.9 cm
Since Ld Required < Ld Provided OK

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Short Direction (B) Steel hook
150 45 2
2 ( 2 )
= = = 3.75 180 = 930234.375 .
2 2 2
930234.375
= 2
= = 3.58
0.9 180 402
0.85 2
= (1 (1 )
0.85

0.85 300 2 3.58

= (1 (1 )
4200 0.85 300
= 0.000858 <
= 0.000858 < 0.0033
Take
Take = 14 ( = 1.542 )
As Required = = 0.0033 180 40 = 23.8 2
As Required 23.8
n bars = = 1.54 = 16

As Provided = n bars* = 16 1.54 = 25 2

Band:
2
% Band = 1.8 100 = 90.90%
+1

As Band = %
= 0.90 25 = 22.5 2
As Band 22.5
n bar = = = 15
1.54
Spacing:
150
S = 1 = 151 = 11

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Combined
l = 2.6 m
PsA = PsB = 65 ton
PsA = DA+LA
PsB = DB+LB
R = PsA + PsB = 130 ton
Mlo = 0
(PsB*x) - PsA(l - x) = 0
x (PsA + PsB) = PsA * l
l l 652.6
= = = = 1.3
+ R 130
Ptotal = 1.12*(PsA + PsB) = 1.12*130 = 145.6 ton

( + )1.12 ( )1.12 (130)1.12

Area = = = = = 4.9 2
30
1 = ( + 1) 2 (where l1 = a1 = 0.5 m)
= (2.6 1.3 + 0.5) 2 = 3.6
4.9
a1 = 1 = 3.6 = 1.4
= 1.35 = 1.35 65 = 87.8
()+ () 287.8
Qu net (Long direction) = 1 = 1.43.6 1.4 = 49.4 /
1 1
Qu net (A) = Qu net (B) = Pu Qu(L) 0.45= 87.8 (49.4*0.45) = 65.5 t/m
0.45
V1 = V2 = Qu net (B) - Qu(L)*( l2 - ) (where l2 = a2 = 0.5 m)
2
0.45
= 65.5 - 49.4*(0.5 - )
2
= 51.9 ton
0.45 2.60.45
X1 = X2 = = = 1.05 m
2 2
Let d = 40 cm
= 0.85 (0.53 1 )
= 0.85 (0.53300 (1.4 100) 0.4)
= 42670.4 ton
(11000)(1100)
Vumax@d = 1100
(51.91000)(1.0510040)
= 1.05100
= 32133.8
Vumax@d <
Pass
h = d+10 cm = 40 + 10 = 50 cm
Steel:
12
Mu1 = Qu(L)*( )
2

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 0.52
= 49.4*105*( )
2
= 617500 kg.cm

0.45 2
(1+ +2) 0.45
Mumax = (Qu(L) 2
(2 + )) 105
2 2

2
0.45
(0.5 + + 1.05) 0.45
= 49.4 2 87.8 (1.05 + ) 105
2 2
( )
= 3 400 312.5 kg.cm

As Temperature = 0.002*h*(l - 0.45) *100

= 21 cm2
Take = 16 ( = 2.01 2 )
As Temperature 21
nbars = = = 10 10 T
2.01
Spacing:
0.45 2.60.45
S = 100 = 100 = 20
10
Long Steel:
3400312.5
Rn= 2
= = 16.86
1 0.91.4100402
0.85 2
= (1 (1 0.85 ) )

0.85300 216.86
= (1 (1 0.85300))
4200
= 0.0041
As Required = ( 100) = 0.0041 (1.4 100) 40 = 22.4 2
Take = 14 ( = 1.542 )
22.4
nbars = = 15
1.54
Spacing:
1 (62.54) (1.4100)(62.54)
S= = = 9
1 151
Long Steel:
87.8
Wu = = = 64.2 /
1 1.4
64.2 1.40.45 2
Mu = ( 10.45 )2 = ( ) = 6.7 .
2 2 2 2
6.7
Rn= (+0.45)2 = 0.9(0.4+0.45)0.42 = 55.1
0.85 2105 0.85300 255.1
= (1 (1 ) )= (1 (1 0.85300))= 0.0149
0.85 4200

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As = ( + 0.45) = 0.0149 (0.4 + 0.45) 0.4 1002 = 50.9 2
Take = 20 ( = 3.142 )

50.9
= 3.14 = 17 17 T 20mm

1(62.54) (3.6100)(62.54)
S= = = 22
1 171

All results of calculation are shown in the following table:

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CHAPTER 3: BEAMS

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Calculation:

Steel:

Moment

Example of B2(T1) (simply supported beam):

L=4.56 m; ln= 4.64m (span)
= = 0.98 4.56 = 4.4688 /
= 1.35 = 6.03/
ln2 6.034.642
= = = 16.22 .
8 8

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 4
1 = 0.9 0.85 ( 2 ) = 0.9 0.85 300 120 4 (21 2) = 17.4.
Mu< Mn1 no compression steel.
Take b=100 cm, h=25cm (d=25-4=21 cm):
16.22105
Rn=b212 =0.9100212=40.866
0.85 2 0.85300 240.866
= (1-1 0.85) = (1-1 0.85300) = 0.01066
4200

= = 0.01066 100 21 = 22.4 cm2 6 T 14mm

Example of B2(T2) (simply supported beam with compression steel):
L=4.56 m; ln = 4.96m (span)
= = 0.98 4.56 = 4.4688 /
= 1.35 = 6.03/
WuL2n 6.034.962
Mu= = = 18.54 t. m
8 8
4
1 = 0.9 0.85 ( 2 ) = 0.9 0.85 300 120 4 (21 2) = 17.4.
Mu> Mn1 compression steel.
Compression steel calculation:
1 19.2105
As1 = = 4200(212) = 24.06cm2
( )
2
Mu 18.54
2= - Mn1 = 19.2 = 1.4 .
0.9
2 1.4105
As2=( )= 4200(214) = 1.96 2
Astotal=24.06+1.96=26 cm2 9 T 20 mm
Mn2
As = ( ) ; Where d= 4cm
=
4.7 4
= 0.003 = 0.003 = 4.46 104
4.7
4200
= = = 2 103
2.04 106
> = = 2.04 106 4.46 104 = 878.1
Mn2 1.4105
As = ( )=878.1(214) = 9.12
9.1
= = 6 , 6 T 14 mm
1.54
Example of B3 (cantilever):
For T2:
Max moment = 1.33 t.m (Figure above), which give us:
As = 5.5 cm2 n= 5.5/1.54= 4 4 T 12 mm
Steel above support:
Max moment = 11.8 t.m, which give us As =16 cm2

All results of calculation are shown in the following table:

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Page | 21
Stirrups:
Example of B1(T2):

Shear of B1

Vu@d
=

Vu

Vu=8.6 ton (Figure above)
Vu@d = 7 ton
= 0.85 0.53 = 0.85 0.53 300 40 21 = 6.55
Vu@d> Vc:
@ 7
= = 7.7 = 0.53
0.85
4 = 4 7 = 28
3.5 0.53 3.540
K= Max ( ; ) = Max (220021; 2200 ) = 0.06

Vs2Vc so:
2
S Min ( ; 2 ; 61)
4

= 10.5 10

All results of calculation are shown in the following table:

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Ribs calculation
We chose the two longest span to calculate ribs steel, so :

Ln (span) =4.64 m
Ws= 0.53 t/m
= 1.35 0.53 = 0.72 /
= 1.12 / (Figure below)

( ) = 1.83 /
= 15 , = 21
= 18.8 , () = 30.7
= 0.004 , () = 0.007
= 1.5 2 , () = 2.52
Double-ribs calculation:
= 2.52 ()
(Double ribs) = 2.5 2 = 52

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 Ribs

Ribs N1 N2
l n(m) 4.64 5.61
Ws (ton/m) 0.53 0.53
Wu 0.72 0.72
Mu(ton.m) 1.12 1.85
M support 1.83 2.16
d (cm) 21 21
b (cm) 15 15
Rn 18.8 31.1
Rn' 30.7 36.3
0.004658 0.007914
' 0.007823 0.00936
As 1.5 2.5
As' 2.5 2.9
AS'/2 1.2 1.5

Double ribs:

As 2.9 5.0
As' 4.9 5.9

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