12, 2013 3
AbstractA novel dual-frequency microstrip antenna is pre- to calculate the resonant frequency of the proposed narrow half-
sented. The dual-frequency is generated through a half-ring ring structure. The -parameters of the antenna and surface cur-
structure and a half-circular patch element. The half-ring is rent distribution at both radiating frequencies are studied, and
narrower than the conventional ring antenna, and the parameters
that decide the resonant frequency of the antenna are studied. they show the radiation patterns of the measured far-field -
Simulation and measurement results show that the proposed and -planes of the proposed antenna.
antenna works at 0.9 and 1.8 GHz.
Index TermsDual frequency, half-circular patch, narrow II. NARROW HALF-RING MICROSTRIP ANTENNA
half-ring.
This section concentrates on the narrow ring structure. Be-
cause the width of the half-ring microstrip antenna is narrower
I. INTRODUCTION than the width of the conventional ring microstrip antenna, it is
difficult to locate the feeding point on the narrow ring. There-
TABLE I
RESULTS OF THE RADIUS AT EACH FREQUENCY FOR BOTH
THE HALF-CIRCULAR PATCH AND THE HALF-RING
where indicates the radius of the narrow ring patch, and the
inflation coefficient is measured in the substrate with a relative
permittivity of and a height of 3 mm. With respect
to the frequency ranging from 0 to 5.8 GHz, it is suggested that Fig. 3. Simulated with different R2.
, as the inflation coefficient changes when the prop-
erties of the substrate are adjusted. The calculated results show
that the operating frequency of the proposed structure, which on the half-circular patch element is chosen by the methods of
is predicted by the equation, is higher than that of the original circular patch antennas because the antenna is considered to
circular patch. Thus, the radius of the frequency for the narrow be a cavity bounded above and below by electric walls, and
half-ring element is larger than that of the circular patch. Com- the position varies slightly when the circular patch is cut off.
parisons of the radius from (2) and (3) for both the circular patch W1 and W2 are the widths of the shank and the narrow ring,
and the narrow half-ring are illustrated in Table I. The measure- respectively, whereas W1, W2, and the length of the shank L1
ment results show that is close to the resonant length of the determine the input impedance of the narrow half-ring structure
narrow ring patch. in part. Minor adjustments have been made to evaluate the
parameters that may affect the performance of the antenna, and
III. DESIGN AND ANALYSES the radii of the half-ring and the half-circular patch structure
Fig. 1 illustrates the layout of the proposed microstrip an- determine the resonant frequencies.
tenna. The antenna is printed on the dielectric substrate that is The change of one radius affects another resonant frequency
3.0 mm in height, and the relative permittivity of the sub- slightly. The with radii of the narrow half-ring and the
strate is 2.55. The radius R1 and width W2 of the narrow half- half-circular patch structure are shown in Figs. 2 and 3, respec-
ring are 69.8 and 11.5 mm, respectively, whereas the radius of tively. When the radius of the half-circular patch R1 changes
the circular patch R2 is 29.8 mm. A microstrip feeding line is from 67 to 72 mm, the frequency alters from 0.95 to 0.86 GHz
used to connect the half-ring and the half-circular patch in the accordingly because when R2 decreases from 32 to 28 mm and
center, whereas the length L1 and the width W1 of the microstrip R1 remains constant, the operating frequency increases from
feeding line are 38.6 and 4.9 mm, respectively. Also, the an- 1.72 to 1.91 GHz. The adjustment of R1 and R2 follows the
tenna is fed by a coaxial cable at ( mm, ) of principles of circular patch antennas: The larger the radius, the
the half-circular patch. lower the resonant frequency, and vice versa. As Fig. 4 shows,
The half-ring and the half-circular patch work at 0.9 and the other parameters, which control the impedance match of the
1.8 GHz, respectively. Resonant frequencies are determined proposed antenna, change insignificantly when the simulation is
by the values of the radii of the two elements, as predicted by done. For instance, the of 0.9 GHz had a corresponding re-
the expressions mentioned earlier. The feed point that is placed duction when L1 is shortened. Furthermore, the lower frequency
HU et al.: NOVEL DUAL-FREQUENCY MICROSTRIP ANTENNA WITH NARROW HALF-RING AND HALF-CIRCULAR PATCH 5
1.8 GHz, and the frequency ratio between two operating fre-
quencies can be extended to a large scale. The radiation patterns
and at their resonant frequencies are similar. This new an-
tenna design reports a method to generate a dual-frequency an-
tenna, and it will be useful in applications of GSM and CDMA
personal communication systems where there is no need of wide
bandwidths.
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