Review of System
Physical Examination
Neurologic Exam
1. Level of Consciousness
Awake, Lethargic, Obtundation,
Stupor, Coma
Lethargy- general slowing of motor
processes such as speech and
movement; easily falls asleep and
aroused when stimulated
Obtundation- dulled or blunted
sensitivity in which the patient is
difficult to arouse and once
aroused, is still confused.
Stupor- state of semiconscious,
needs intense arousal like sharp
pressure (sternal rub) and the
patient has few or even no
voluntary motor responses
Coma, the eyes are closed with
absence of sleep-wake cycles and
no evidence of a contingent rela-
tionship between the patients
behavior and the environment.
Vegetative state is characterized by
the presence of sleep-wake cycles
but still no contingent relationship
Minimally conscious state indicates
a patient who remains severely
disabled but demonstrates sleep-
wake cycles and even inconsistent,
nonreflexive, contingent behaviors
in response to a specific
environmental stimulation