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i.

Read the passages and (a) rank them in order of difficulty, and
(b) sgle
{our reasons for arivingat the order.

l. There liVed in the city of Ujjain apoor tailor named Ramphal. As he was
very poor, he had to live and work'iri'one little room, with his wife Laxmi
and their thtte small children. The children fought with each other and
made
so much noise that Ramphal was not able to work. They took away his
t,y9
needles, cut themselves with his scissors and spoilt theiieces of cioth which
et-/fr Ramphal's customers gave him to make into ciothes. Sometimes his *ife got xYA!
)r
d
Nf pg.y with Ramphal and shouted at him. He was very unhappy and did noi _',f(
2

*!t know what to do.

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2. To make a hut, they take a number of long, thin wooden poles and6 plant
them in the ground in a circle. Then each poie is bent into the shape of a .U,,
and its other end is also planted in the earth. Now the framework
for the hut
is ready. Next, the space between the poles is filled with leaves, small
,r/" fI
\t"*
branches of trees and mud. Then the outside of each hut is covered,
or plastered with cow-dung which quickly becomes hard in the sun.
is,left tbr the door, but there are no windows. The hut is abour
1l "flilg
) teet hrgh and a grown-up man cannot stand up straight inside his hut.
There is no furniture, except perhaps a small wooden stool for
the head of
the family.

,-*11*:r#'' J' o #e'/i""/'"'' "'fi";-/5' 6*'h""- ut' )'

. ta ^ r"[*d
^'tw$n . l,xlT,i,x'ff:;.1r:fi:::il.;:r;xlir'i,'[:f,:',il:,,ffitrTr."'
z-. e4i-tqlb inoculatiqn as soon as poisible aftei he has been bitten. The anri-
(@ \. rabic inoculation consists of a series of_lypl4leq1iq injections
of the patient
)',j-
": with a suspension of weakened or killediabGirirrs. The
treatment takes {!
,'.: I:i.i fonnight to three rveeks and is given at a central laboratory
where the
material is prepared. The sooner the injections are uegun
l]]::ii9: the berrer,
but owing lo the long iqiubalion period of the
has a wcck or ten days in rvhich to get frorn
dir.u;;h.il:;;';;;;i;
his home to the laboratory.
- a*d,'- ,nAr^ irrp a"/^t,.^, -> v*nnLi'*'*,

- L?fl"r Art rtrvt.c ) g t,/ni'"t'> ^-^+r',

i nc'"b*hrb.r, 4 -tuJnrt4
 4. is the study of the ways the unit of sound and pl$gdiE'features
described are actually used in natural languages. The older
approach called traditional phonemic or autonomorlglqla$iqq!-plqlemic( , ,
h* b""n outlined in Units iJ te ,671 plggq!-."-* al all:rehon\' 'fr",U '
*.llfs
and a rp qe:o$ifrf a l;Guagg \l,.qs presernted as "A.e44.2tt ,

descriptionoflanguageat.thep@byth7structurallinguists.7.,,.l,
1qC
They were .on..*"d-*ostly withffi-1g9!Q[nu!e,i, i.e. how to
tect'"'
v
phonemicizd how to represent unusuaGitppnanieor morphophonenr$ ' to,*bdd*l'
*iT."*-t '
situatioF,wtrether word boundaries should be taken into account, how
stress and pitch contrasts should be represented etc.., together with the
presentation of actual apalysis of the phonology of particular languages.
The structural linguistiwere not...... ,, I

# Above all -- we were wet-

Out in the Atlantic Ocean great sheets of rain gathered to drift slowly up the
River Shannon and settle forever in Limerick. The rain dampened the city
from the Feast of the Circumcision to New Year's Eve. It created a
cacophony of hacking coughs, bronchial rattles, asthmatic wheezes,
'consumptive croaks. It turned noses into fountains, lungs into bacterial
sponges. [t provoked cures galore - to ease the catarrh you boiled onions in
i- rniik biacketreci with pepper' ; ior tiie corrgested passage yuu niade a paste i;f
boiled flour and nettles, wrapped in a rag, and slapped it, sizzling, on the
chest.

G 644.-"1- - oycui,ra/r,,,{ h',,F fr, - C. Rajagopal

Professor
Department of ESL Studies
t*r-r*L , 'pl**o '' - ylv,"a[ag.,
I The English And Foreign
/ Languages University
! m-r/o : ,utrtp/u. tntavp'1".L?,r,
t
Hyderabad 500 007
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<< drer?j4sopal@gmail.com >>
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