NAME PRINCIPAL RATE TIME INTEREST

5000 5% 6
6500 6% 7
3500 7% 8
4500 8% 9
6000 9% 10
1800 10% 11
3800 11% 12
7600 12% 13
5900 13% 14
3700 14% 15
2600 15% 16
4800 16% 17

Branch SALES COMMISSION NET SALES

20%
850
680
780
590
680
490
570
390
190
670
690
490

M U L T I P L I C A T
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

5
6

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20
L I C A T I O N T A B L E
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
19 20
 C O N D I T I O N A L F O R M A T I N G

The CONDITIONAL FORMATTING feature in Excel, allows you to automatically change the format of a cell, de

Company SLU's BENCHMARKS 19%

Revenue Growth 26%

Gross Profit Percentage 15%

Operating Expense to Revenue % 11%

Net Profit After Tax % 12%

SABM SCIS SOH SEA SON

Revenue Growth 22% 27% 17% 18% -1%

Gross Profit Percentage 36% 40% 35% 34% 10%

Operating Expense To Revenue 20% 16% 18% 21% 16%

Net Profit After Tax % 13% 10% 11% 7% -15%

hange the format of a cell, depending on certain criteria.
FUNCTIONS - are Functions are predefined formulas that perform calculations by using specific values,

Arguments can be numbers, text, logical values such as TRUE or FALSE, arrays, error value
references. The argument you designate must produce a valid value for that argument.
Arguments can also be constants, formulas, or other functions.

The syntax of a function begins with the function name, followed by an opening parenthesi
the arguments for the function separated by commas, and a closing parenthesis.
If the function starts a formula, type an equal sign (=) before the function name.

C o m m o n l y U s e d F u n c t i o n s

= sum(number1,number2,) adds the total number in a range

Number1, number2, ... are 1 to 30 arguments for which you want the total value or sum.

Remarks
Numbers, logical values, and text representations of numbers that you type directly in
If an argument is an array or reference, only numbers in that array or reference are cou
or text in the array or reference are ignored.
Arguments that are error values or text that cannot be translated into numbers cause erro
Example:
Data A Formula Descrip

-5 =SUM(3, 2) Adds 3 and 2 (5)

Adds 5, 15 and 1, because the text values are trans
15 =SUM("5",15,TRUE)
translated into the number 1 (21)
30 =SUM(A25:A28) Adds the first three numbers in the column above (4

"5" =SUM(A25:A28,15) Adds the first three numbers in the column above, a
Adds the values in the last two rows above, and 2.
1 =SUM(A28:A29,2)
translated, the values in the column above are igno

=average(number1,number2,) return the arithmetic sum of the arguments

Number1, number2, ... are 1 to 30 arguments for which you want the total value or sum.

Remarks
 Arguments can either be numbers or names, arrays, or references that contain numbers.
Logical values and text representations of numbers that you type directly into the list of
If an array or reference argument contains text, logical values, or empty cells, those val
included.
Arguments that are error values or text that cannot be translated into numbers cause erro

Example:
Data B Formula Description (Result)
10 =AVERAGE(A43:A47) Average of the numbers above (11)
7 =AVERAGE(A43:A47, 5) Average of the numbers above and 5 (10)
9
27
2

= min(number1,number2,...) returns the smallest number in a set of values

= max(number1,number2,...) returns the largest number in a set of values
Example:
46
56 =MIN(A52:B61)
45 0 =MAX(A52:B61)
48 -0.2
35 -0.6 =MIN(B54:B59)
86 -0.8 =MAX(B54:B59)
48 -0.4
15 1
45
28

= round(number,num_digits) rounds a number to a specified number of digits

Number is the number you want to round.

Num_digits specifies the number of digits to which you want to round number.
Remarks
If num_digits is greater than 0 (zero), then number is rounded to the specified number of
If num_digits is 0, then number is rounded to the nearest integer.
If num_digits is less than 0, then number is rounded to the left of the decimal point.
Example:

3.14159 =ROUND(A73,4)
34.892 =ROUND(A74,0)
243.897 =ROUND(A75,-1)
 1382.46 =ROUND(A76,-2)

= count(number1,number2,) counts the number of cells that contain numbers and number within the lis

Value1, value2, ... are 1 to 30 arguments that can contain or refer to a variety of different ty
numbers are counted.
Remarks
Arguments that are numbers, dates, or text representation of numbers are counted.
Logical values and text representations of numbers that you type directly into the list o
Arguments that are error values or text that cannot be translated into numbers are ignore
If an argument is an array or reference, only numbers in that array or reference are count
logical values, text, or error values in the array or reference are ignored.

Example:
ramel
5/1/1988 =COUNT(A93:A98)
=COUNT(A93,A94,A95,A96,A97,A98,)
22 =COUNT(A97:A98,A92)
20 =COUNT(A93:A96)
1
#REF!

= countif(range,criteria) - Counts the number of cells within a range that meet the given criteria

Range is one or more cells to count, including numbers or names, arrays, or references that
Blank and text values are ignored.
Criteria is the criteria in the form of a number, expression, cell reference, or text that defines
which cells will be counted. For example, criteria can be expressed as 32, "32"

Example:
flower 55 =COUNTIF(A109:A116,"flower")
nest 45 =COUNTIF(A109:A116,"trees")
trees 56 =COUNTIF(A109:A116,"nest")
flower 58 =COUNTIF(B109:B116,">55")
birds 37 =COUNTIF(B109:B116,"<55")
trees 59 =COUNTIF(B109:B116,"<>55")
flower 60 =COUNTIF(B109:B116,">=56")
birds 54 =COUNTIF(B109:B116,"<=55")
= if(criteria,if_true,if_false) returns one value if the condition you specify evalutates
to true and another value if it evaluates to false
Logical_test is any value or expression that can be evaluated to TRUE or FALSE.
For example, A10=100 is a logical expression; if the value in cell A10 is equal
Otherwise, the expression evaluates to FALSE. This argument can use any co
Value_if_true is the value that is returned if logical_test is TRUE.
Value_if_false is the value that is returned if logical_test is FALSE.
Example:

suppose an expense worksheet contains in B134:B145 the following data for "Actual Expenses"
for january, february,,december the following budget. And C134:C145 contains the following
data for "Predicted Expenses" for the same periods.You can write a
formula to check whether you are over budget for a particular month

Months Actual Predicted Expenses

Expenses
January 590 680
February 890 684
March 860 590
April 600 680
May 980 590
June 670 370
July 590 490
August 680 680
September 980 490
October 670 680
November 680 700
December 490 670

ID Number Grades if grade is:

2091999 86 greater than 90
2092223 84 from 85 to 89
2090629 85 from 80 to 84
2091967 75 from 75 to 79
2090843 98 less than 75
2091984 68
952943 95
2090678 86
2090521 77
2097445 68
2090498 78
2093178 82
2090661 86
2090530 84
2090684 86
2090504 81
2091724 86
2092298 84
2090595 85
2091974 75
2090660 98
2091962 68
2091196 75
2091890 86
2092029 77
2090621 68
2090503 78
2091145 82
2090522 86
2092199 79
2090679 86
2091880 84
2092057 86
2091894 84
2090237 85
2092074 75
2090680 98
2091943 68
2092190 75
2092205 86
2094585 77
2090209 68
2090639 78
2093529 82
2092011 86
2092189 84
2093622 86
2092050 98
2092230 79
2090525 67
 IF Returns one value if a condition you specify evaluates to TRUE and another value if it evaluates to FALSE.
Use IF to conduct conditional tests on values and formulas.
1 8 5
0 1 32

AND(logical1,logical2,) Returns TRUE if all its arguments are TRUE; returns FALSE if one or more argument is FALS
***Logical1, logical2, ... are 1 to 30 conditions you want to test that can be either TRUE or FALSE.
The arguments must evaluate to logical values such as TRUE or FALSE, or the arguments must be arrays o
If an array or reference argument contains text or empty cells, those values are ignored.
If the specified range contains no logical values, AND returns the #VALUE! error value.
examples:

1 =AND(TRUE,TRUE)
0 =AND(TRUE,FAlSE)
1 =AND(1+1=2,2+6=8)
0 =AND(1+1=2,2+5=8)

5 If A101 contains a number between 5 and 50, then:

0
Suppose you want to display A104 if it contains a number strictly between 5
59 and 50, and you want to display a message if it is not. If A104 contains 59, then:

The value is out of range.

1 8 5 4
0 1 32 3

OR(logical1,logical2,) Returns TRUE if any argument is TRUE; returns FALSE if all arguments are FALSE.
***Logical1,logical2,... are 1 to 30 conditions you want to test that can be either TRUE or FALSE.
The arguments must evaluate to logical values such as TRUE or FALSE, or in arrays or references that con
If an array or reference argument contains text or empty cells, those values are ignored.
If the specified range contains no logical values, OR returns the #VALUE! error value.
EXAMPLES:
1 =OR(TRUE,TRUE) 1
0 =OR(1+1=1,2+2=5) 1
0
1 If A120:A122 contains the values TRUE, FALSE, and TRUE, then:
0 1
1
 1 8 5 4
1 1 32 3

NOT(logical) Reverses the value of its argument. Use NOT when you want to make
sure a value is not equal to one particular value.
Logical is a value or expression that can be evaluated to TRUE or FALSE.
If logical is FALSE, NOT returns TRUE; if logical is TRUE, NOT returns FALSE.
EXAMPLES:

0 =NOT(TRUE)
1 =NOT(1+6=8)

0 8 5 4
1 1 32 3

If E143:E150 contains the following data, Write a formula that works this way:
1. If cell (E143) is less than 20, times it by 2,
if it is greater than or equal to 20 but less than 40, then times i
if it is greater than or equal to 40 and less than 60, then times i
And if it is greater than or equal to 60, then times it by 6.

2. if E143 <=20, it will return A

if E143 > 20 but <=40, it will return B
if E143 > 40 but <= 60, return C
if E143 > 60, return D
 rform calculations by using specific values,
called arguments, in a particular order, called the syntax.

s such as TRUE or FALSE, arrays, error values such as #N/A, or cell

ust produce a valid value for that argument.
, or other functions.

on name, followed by an opening parenthesis,

y commas, and a closing parenthesis.
al sign (=) before the function name.

for which you want the total value or sum.

ntations of numbers that you type directly into the list of arguments are counted.
y numbers in that array or reference are counted. Empty cells, logical values,

cannot be translated into numbers cause errors.

Description (Result)

3 and 2 (5)
5, 15 and 1, because the text values are translated into numbers, and the logical value TRUE is
ated into the number 1 (21)
he first three numbers in the column above (40)

he first three numbers in the column above, and 15 (55)

he values in the last two rows above, and 2. Because nonnumeric values in references are not
ated, the values in the column above are ignored (2)

f the arguments

for which you want the total value or sum.

 arrays, or references that contain numbers.
numbers that you type directly into the list of arguments are counted.
text, logical values, or empty cells, those values are ignored; however, cells with the value zero are

cannot be translated into numbers cause errors.

iption (Result)
ge of the numbers above (11)
ge of the numbers above and 5 (10)

a set of values
a set of values

86

-0.8

-0.8

d number of digits

which you want to round number.

umber is rounded to the specified number of decimal places.

o the nearest integer.
ounded to the left of the decimal point.
hat contain numbers and number within the list of arguments

can contain or refer to a variety of different types of data, but only

epresentation of numbers are counted.

numbers that you type directly into the list of arguments are counted.
cannot be translated into numbers are ignored.
numbers in that array or reference are counted. Empty cells,
s in the array or reference are ignored.

a range that meet the given criteria

numbers or names, arrays, or references that contain numbers.

expression, cell reference, or text that defines

xample, criteria can be expressed as 32, "32", ">32", "apples", or B4.
 you specify evalutates
and another value if it evaluates to false
an be evaluated to TRUE or FALSE.
l expression; if the value in cell A10 is equal to 100, the expression evaluates to TRUE.
tes to FALSE. This argument can use any comparison calculation operator.
gical_test is TRUE.
ogical_test is FALSE.

ollowing data for "Actual Expenses"

C134:C145 contains the following

return:
A
B
C
D
E
TRUE and another value if it evaluates to FALSE.

RUE; returns FALSE if one or more argument is FALSE.

t to test that can be either TRUE or FALSE.
s TRUE or FALSE, or the arguments must be arrays or references that contain logical values.
ty cells, those values are ignored.
returns the #VALUE! error value.

ontains a number strictly between 5

age if it is not. If A104 contains 59, then:

; returns FALSE if all arguments are FALSE.

to test that can be either TRUE or FALSE.
s TRUE or FALSE, or in arrays or references that contain logical values.
ty cells, those values are ignored.
eturns the #VALUE! error value.

=OR(AND(B108>C108,C108>D108),B108>D108)
=OR(AND(B108<C108,C108>D108),B108>D108)
=OR(AND(B108<C108,C108>D108),B108<D108)
u want to make

o TRUE or FALSE.
, NOT returns FALSE.

18
26
19
56
49
35
30
59
Text Functions

CONCATENATE (text1,text2,...) --- Joins several text strings into one text string.
Text1, text2, ... are 1 to 30 text items to be joined into a single text item.
The text items can be text strings, numbers, or single-cell references.

Remarks: The "&" operator can be used instead of CONCATENATE to join text items.

Examples:
=CONCATENATE("Saint"," Louis", "University") Saint Louis University
Saint Louis University Saint Louis University

="Saint "&" "&"Louis" "&University"

Saint Louis University

suppose in a stream survey worksheet, A17 contains "species", A18 contains "brook out", and A19 contains the total 50
species =CONCATENATE("Stream population for ",A17," ",A18," is ",A19,"/mile")
brook out Stream population for species brook out is 50/mile
50
LEFT(text,num_chars) --- LEFT returns the first character or characters in a text string, based on the

number of characters you specify.

Text is the text string that contains the characters you want to extract.
Num_chars specifies the number of characters you want LEFT to extract.

Num_chars must be greater than or equal to zero.

If num_chars is greater than the length of text, LEFT returns all of text.
If num_chars is omitted, it is assumed to be 1.
Example:
University =LEFT(A30,5)
Unive

Marikina =LEFT(A33)
Marikin

RIGHT(text,num_chars) --- RIGHT returns the last character or characters in a text string,

based on the number of characters you specify

Text is the text string containing the characters you want to extract.
Num_chars specifies the number of characters you want RIGHT to extract.

Num_chars must be greater than or equal to zero.

If num_chars is greater than the length of text, RIGHT returns all of text.
If num_chars is omitted, it is assumed to be 1.
example:
University =RIGHT(A46,4)
sity

Marupok =RIGHT(A49,3)
pok

MID(text,start_num,num_chars) --- MID returns a specific number of characters from a text string, starting
 at the position you specify, based on the number of characters you specify.
Text is the text string containing the characters you want to extract.
Start_num is the position of the first character you want to extract in text.
The first character in text has start_num 1, and so on.
Num_chars specifies the number of characters you want MID to return from text.
If num_chars is negative, MID returns the #VALUE! error value.

If start_num is greater than the length of text, MID returns "" (empty text).
If start_num is less than the length of text, but start_num plus num_chars exceeds the length of t
If start_num is less than 1, MID returns the #VALUE! error value.
Example:
University =MID(A65,1,5)
Unive

University =MID(A68,7,5)
sity

Marikina =MID(A71,4,3)
iki
LEN(text) --- LEN returns the number of characters in a text string.

Text is the text whose length you want to find. Spaces count as characters.
Example:
University =LEN(A77)
10

schwarzenegger =LEN(A80)
14

Text is the text you want to convert to lowercase. LOWER does not change characters
in text that are not letters.
Example:
UnivEsity =LOWER(A88)
univesity RooM Sweet 04

#33 A. Tabora BRGY. =LOWER(A91) =LOWER(F89)

#33 a. tabora brgy. room sweet 04

PROPER(text) --- Capitalizes the first letter in a text string and any other letters in text that follow any character
other than a letter.

Text is text enclosed in quotation marks, a formula that returns text, or a reference to a cell
containing the text you want to partially capitalize.
Example:
nsa UNIVESITY me =PROPER(A101)
Nsa Univesity Me

hanford u.s.a. =PROPER(A104)

Hanford U.S.A.
5-cent.s up =PROPER(A107)
5-Cent.S Up

REPT(text,number_times) --- Repeats text a given number of times. Use REPT to fill a cell with
a number of instances of a text string.
Text is the text you want to repeat.
Number_times is a positive number specifying the number of times to repeat text.
If number_times is 0 (zero), REPT returns "" (empty text). If number_times is not an integer,
it is truncated. The result of the REPT function cannot be longer than 32,767 characters
Example:
*- =REPT(A118,4)
*-*-*-*-
matsala =REPT(A120,2.8)
matsalamatsala

TRIM(text) --- Removes all spaces from text except for single spaces between words. Use TRIM
on text that you have received from another application that may have irregular spacing.
Text is the text from which you want spaces removed.
Example:
Saint Louis =TRIM(A128)
Saint Louis

Text is the text you want converted to uppercase. Text can be a reference or text string.
Example:
univesity =upper(A135)
UNIVESITY

mild =upper(A138)
MILD

SUBSTITUTE (text,old_text,new_text,instance_num) --- Substitutes new_text for old_text in a text string. Use SUBSTITUTE
when you want to replace specific text in a text string;

Text is the text or the reference to a cell containing text for which you want to substitute characters.
Old_text is the text you want to replace.
New_text is the text you want to replace old_text with.
Instance_num specifies which occurrence of old_text you want to replace with new_text. If you specify .
instance_num, only that instance of old_text is replaced. Otherwise, every occurrence of
old_text in text is changed to new_text.
Example:
Saint Louis Louis =SUBSTITUTE(A152,"Louis","Aloysius")
Saint Louis Aloysius

VALUE(text) --- Converts a text string that represents a number to a number.

Text is the text enclosed in quotation marks or a reference to a cell containing the text you want to convert.
Text can be in any of the constant number, date, or time formats recognized by Microsoft Excel.
If text is not in one of these formats, VALUE returns the #VALUE! error value.
Remarks: You do not generally need to use the VALUE function in a formula because Microsoft Excel
automatically converts text to numbers as necessary. This function is provided for compatibility
with other spreadsheet programs.

15
15
CHOOSE(index_num,value1,value2,...) --- Uses index_num to return a value from the list of value arguments.

Use CHOOSE to select one of up to 29 values based on the index number.

For example, if value1 through value7 are the days of the week, CHOOSE returns one o
f the days when a number between 1 and 7 is used as index_num.

Index_num specifies which value argument is selected. Index_num must be a number between
1 and 29, or a formula or reference to a cell containing a number between 1 and 29.
Value1,value2,... are 1 to 29 value arguments from which CHOOSE selects a value or an action to
perform based on index_num. The arguments can be numbers, cell references, defined
names, formulas, functions, or text.

If index_num is 1, CHOOSE returns value1; if it is 2, CHOOSE returns value2; and so on.

If index_num is less than 1 or greater than the number of the last value in the list, CHOOSE
returns the #VALUE! error value.
If index_num is a fraction, it is truncated to the lowest integer before being used.

Remarks: If index_num is an array, every value is evaluated when CHOOSE is evaluated.

Examples:
=CHOOSE(2,"1st","2nd","3rd","Finished")
Finished
4 5 =SUM(A197:CHOOSE(2,B197,B198,B199))
5 2 16
6 6

=CHOOSE(A197,"Nails","Screws","Nuts","Bolts")
Bolts
If A199-3 equals 3, then:
=CHOOSE(A199-3,"1st","2nd","3rd","Finished")
3rd

FIND(find_text,within_text,start_num) --- FIND finds one text string (find_text) within another text string (within_text),
and returns the number of the starting position of find_text, from the first character of
within_text. You can also use SEARCH to find one text string within another,
but unlike SEARCH, FIND is case sensitive and doesn't allow wildcard characters.
Find_text is the text you want to find.
Within_text is the text containing the text you want to find.
Start_num specifies the character at which to start the search. The first character in within_text is character nu

If find_text is "" (empty text), FIND matches the first character in the search string (that is, the character num

If find_text does not appear in within_text, FIND return the #VALUE! error value.
If start_num is not greater than zero, FIND return the #VALUE! error value.
If start_num is greater than the length of within_text, FIND return the #VALUE! error value.
example:

Miriam McGovern =FIND("M",A223,1)

1

=FIND("m",A223,1)
6

=FIND("M",A223,3)
1

CHAR(number) --- Returns the character specified by a number. Use CHAR to translate code page numbers you might get from

Number is a number between 1 and 255 specifying which character you want. The character
is from the character set used by your computer.

Examples

=CHAR(65)
A
=CHAR(32)
"
ISERR(value) --- Value refers to any error value except #N/A.

Value is the value you want tested. Value can be a blank (empty cell), error, logical, text, number, or
reference value, or a name referring to any of these, that you want to test.

example:

#N/A 0
#N/A 0
#N/A 0
#N/A 0

TEXT(value,format_text) --- Converts a value to text in a specific number format.

Value is a numeric value, a formula that evaluates to a numeric value, or

a reference to a cell containing a numeric value.
Format_text is a number format in text form from in the Category box on the Number tab in
the Format Cells dialog box. Format_text cannot contain an asterisk (*) and cannot be the
General number format.

Examples:

$2.72
April 15, 1991
contains the total 50

he
 you specify.

hars exceeds the length of text, MID returns the characters up to the end of text.

ny character
r_times is not an integer,
er than 32,767 characters

egular spacing.

string. Use SUBSTITUTE

a text string;

itute characters.

w_text. If you specify .

wise, every occurrence of

ext you want to convert.

y Microsoft Excel.
ndex number.
k, CHOOSE returns one o

mber between
een 1 and 29.
e or an action to
, cell references, defined

t, CHOOSE

tring (within_text),
m the first character of
within another,
wildcard characters.

n within_text is character number 1. If you omit start_num, it is assumed to be 1.

g (that is, the character numbered start_num or 1).

 numbers you might get from files on other types of computers into characters.

, text, number, or

nd cannot be the