Khan etal. /Journal of Engineering, Science and Management Education/Vol.
2, 2010/34-41
CABLE LAYOUT DESIGN OF ONE WAY PRESTRESSED
CONCRETE SLABS USING FEM
Ahmad Ali Khan*, K.K.Pathak** and N.Dindorkar*
Received Aug. 03, 2010 ; Accepted Aug. 18, 2010
Abstract
In this paper, a new approach for cable layout design of pre-
stressed concrete (PC) slabs is presented. Cable thrust on
concrete is related to curvature of cable layout. Hence cable
layout design is an important task. Cable profile is generally
modeled by parabola due to its simplicity as it produces
constant curvature. But, parabolic profile produces
discontinuity at intermediate supports and it is
computationally expensive as well. Actual cable profile is a
smooth curve having varying curvature. To account the cable
profile accurately, it is modelled by B-spline in this study.
Using the convex hull property of the B-spline, an efficient
algorithm has been developed to design the cable layout. For
finite element computations, tendon and concrete are
modelled by 3 noded bar and 20 noded brick elements
respectively. The cable concrete interactions are precisely
accounted using vector calculus formulae. Using the
proposed technique a two span pre-stressed concrete slab has
been successfully designed for friction as well non friction
conditions.
Key-word: Software; Pre-stressed concrete; Cable layout
design; Finite element analysis; Stress; B-spline
INTRODUCTION
The layout of the prestressing cable plays very important role
in the stress distribution in prestressed concrete structures.
The cable layout design of prestressed concrete structures, as
reported in text books, have been worked out on the basis of
limiting eccentricities. In these texts, cables are modelled as
parabola and their eccentricities are varied to reduce tensile
stresses of the concrete. This approach has two major
drawbacks-
(a) Cables are not truly parabolic, especially in continuous
structures.
(b) It is computationally very expensive since separate
parabola has to be defined for each span.
In advanced attempts of cable layout design, Brandt et al.
(1989) and Kirsch et al. (1973,1993) carried out cable layout
optimization using mathematical programming methods.
Utrilla and Smartin et al. (1997) and Quiroga et al. (1991)
obtained optimum cable layout in bridge decks using linear
and non-linear programming respectively. Lounis and Arroya
et al. (1993) carried out multi objective optimization of
prestressed concrete beam and bridge girder using
Lagrangean algorithm. Kuyucular et al. (1991) obtained
optimum cable profile of prestressed concrete slabs using
elastic theory and finite element method. The cable profile
* Dept. Civil Engg., MANIT, Bhopal (M.P.) INDIA 462008
** CS&PM Group, AMPRI (CSIR), Bhopal (M.P.) INDIA 462026, kkpathak1@rediffmail.com
34
was assumed to be the combination of parabola, third degree
curve, forth degree curve and combination of parabola and
third degree curve having common tangent at the junctions.
These studies suffer from large degree of complexity in data
preparation as well as in computations. To overcome these
limitations; in this study, a holistic approach has been
proposed for analysis and design of prestressed concrete
structures. Cable profile is modelled by B-spline which is
very suitable for these applications. For stress analysis, FE
method has been employed. Using top and bottom fibre
stresses, an efficient methodology has been developed for
cable layout design. Based on this formulation, a Fortran
software has been developed. Using this software, cable
layout designs of several beams are successfully carried out.
CABLE MODELING
To analyse prestressed concrete structures using analytical
approach given in the text books (Raju, 2000, Lin and Burns,
1982), cable profile is modeled by parabola. This brings about
constant curvature and simplifies the solution. But profile,
thus modeled, becomes discontinuous at supports (Fig.1). If
cable profile, to maintain continuity, is modeled by higher
order polynomial, it results in a very zigzag shape. In order to
overcome these difficulties, in this study, cable profile is
modeled by B-spline. A B-spline is a typical curve of the
CAD philosophy Qing and Liu (1989); Rogers and Adams
(1990). It models a smooth curve between the given
ordinates (Fig.2). The theory of the B-spline was first
suggested by Schoenberg (1946) . A recursive definition
useful for numerical computation was independently
discovered by Cox and by de Boor Rogers and Adams
(1990). Gordon and Riesenfeld (1974) applied the B-
spline basis to curve definition. The brief definition of B-
spline curve is given below and detailed account of this
can be found in Rogers and Adams (1990).
P(t) = Pi . N i,k (t ) 0 < t < n - k + 2, 2 k < n ..(1)
where,
1 if x i t x i +1
N i,1 =
0 otherwise
and
( t x i ) N i ,k 1 ( t ) ( x i + k t ) N i +1,k 1 ( t )
N i ,k ( t ) = + ....(2)
( x i + k 1 x i ) ( x i + k x i +1 )
 Journal of Engineering, Science and Management Education

In above equations, Pi's are the n+1 defining polygon vertices, The global coordinates on the curved bar element is given by
k is the order of the B spline and Ni,k(t) is called the weighing
function. x is the additional knot vector which is used for B-
x 3 x
3
spline curve to account for the inherent added flexibility. A X = y = y Nci = X i Nci (4)
knot vector is simply a series of real integers xi such that z i =1 z i =1

xixi+1 for all xi. They are used to indicate the parameter t
used to generate a B-spline The curve generally follows the The tangent vector and normal vector along axis for the
shape of the defining polygon and the curve is transformed by cable is given by
transforming the defining polygonal vertices. The order of the
3
dNci
T = Xi
resulting curve can be changed without changing the number (5)
of defining polygon vertices. In Figure : 4 cable reaction
i =1 d
considering parabolic and B-spline are shown. It can be
observed that B-spline represents the realistic profile. When
a B-spline curve is used, the geometrical regularity is 1 d2X a dX
N= 2 2 (6)
automatically taken into account. Braibant and Fleury
T d 2
T d
(1984), Pourazady et al. (1996) and Ghoddosian(1998) have
used this curve in shape optimization problems and cable
geometry is being modeled as B-spline in this study Where, a is the dot product.

FINITE ELEMENT MODELING

dX d 2 X
For realistic analysis of PC structures advanced computing a= .
techniques such as finite element method has been d d2
extensively employed in literature. Linear finite element
The unit tangent and normal vector can be given by
analysis (FEA) of pre-stressed concrete structures has
been reported by Pandey et al. (1997),Buragohian et al
(1993,1997),Pathak et al.(2004. Non linear analysis of the T
t= (7)
same are reported by Povoas et al. (1989), Kang et al. (1990), |T |
Roca et al. (1993), Greunen et al. (1983), Figueiras et al.
(1994), Vanzyl et al. (1979) and Elwi et al. (1987). Jirousek et N
al. (1979) and Buragohain et al. (1993,1997) have considered n= (8)
cable as parabolic and cubic curve in shell and semiloof |N|
shell elements, whereas Pandey et al. (1997) considered the The curvature at any point on the cable is expressed by
cable as parabola in 20 node brick element. Pathak et al.
(2004) considered the cable as cubic spline curve in nine node
dX d 2 X
Lagrangean element. Saleem Akhtar et al. (2008) modelled
cable as B-spline for two dimensional finite element analysis. d d2
K= 3/ 2
(9)
In this study, cable is modeled by three noded bar element and dX 2

concrete by 20 noded brick element (Zienkiewicz and Tayler
d
1991). In Fig.4, a 3 node curved bar element is shown which is
embedded in three dimensional 20 node concrete element.
Cable will exert normal and tangential forces on the concrete Now radius of curvature can be calculated by :
as shown in Fig.5.
1 (10)
The shape functions of a 3 node curved bar elements along R=
axis are given by-
K
( 1) NORMAL AND TANGENTIAL FORCES
N c1 = The cable exerts tangential and normal forces on concrete due
2
to intaraction between contacting surfaces and curvature of
the cable as shown in Fig.5.
Nc 2 = (1 )(1 + ) ...................(3) Tangential and normal forces can be expressed as:

dTn 1 dTn (11)

( + 1) Pt = =
N c3 = dX T d
2

35
Journal of Engineering, Science and Management Education

In above equation inverse matrix is the jacobian matrix. (xi+1,

T
Pn = n (12) yi+1, zi+1) and (xi, yi, zi) are the known and computed values of
R the global co-ordinates. Starting values of , , are
Now the resultant force can be computed by considered as 0, 0, 0. The prescribed tolerance is 0.01.

CABLE LAYOUT DESIGN

P = Pt t + Pn n
Where Tn is the tension in the cable and T is the tangent vector.
Using the principle of virtual work, these loads can be
transferred to the nodes of brick elements. The equivalent
nodal force vector for brick element is given by-
1
(13)
An algorithm has been developed to find the cable layout so
that stresses in the structural element be below the limiting
tensile stress. A check on the compressive stresses will be
made in order to avoid crushing of the concrete. Based on
stress results obtained from finite element analysis, cable
profile is changed in iterative manner. In the following
sections, these are described in detail.

{}
{PL } = [ N ]T P | T | d (14) Criterion for Layout Design
1 One of the main objective of the prestressed concrete design
Cable reaction acts as concentrated loads on the concrete at is to get rid of the tensile stresses from the concrete
the ends, where cable is anchoraged. The anchorage end point produced due to different loading conditions. In Fig.6 a
forces can be calculated by- prestressed concrete structure is shown. It is assumed that
top fiber at sections 1 and 3 are in tension and bottom
{PA} = [ N ]T {Tend } (15) fiber at section 2 is in tension. The shape of the cable to
eliminate the tension should be as shown in the same
Where, Tend is the cable tension at the end points and [N] is the figure. The shape of the cable can be represented by a B-
shape functions of 20 node brick elements. Local coordinates spline. By varying the ordinates of the B-spline, cable
are required for known global coordinates for calculation of shape is changed to get the desired profile. It is also
anchorage end point forces .This is described in next section. important to know that this would be very difficult if not
Now total load vector due to interaction of concrete and cable impossible with any other curve.
is obtained by-
Algorithm for Layout Design
{PT } = {PL } + {PA} (16) In Fig.7, a concrete beam with typical loading is selected for
cable layout design. Assume the cable to be straight
This nodal load vector is applied on the three dimensional between anchorage ends and initial prestressing force be
finite element model along with live and dead load vectors to P. Now finite element analysis of the beam is carried out
include pre-stressing effects. for external loads and initial prestressing force P acting
at the ends. Let sections 1,2,3,4 and 5 be such that bottom
LOCAL COORDINATES COMPUTATION fiber of 1, 3 and 5 are in tension and top fiber of 2 and
Evaluation of local co-ordinate corresponding to known 4 are in tension. Assume top and bottom stresses at these
global coordinates is an inverse nonlinear problem which can sections be it and ib , where i varies from 1 to 5.
be solved by Newton-Raphson method. The computation is
carried out iteratively till the difference of two consecutive Since stresses at bottom fiber at 1,3 and 5 are in tension,
values becomes less than the prescribed tolerance. Let (x,y,z) the cable should be concave there, whereas at 2 and 4 it
is the global coordinate and ( ,, ) be the corresponding should be convex. The ordinates of B-spline will move
local co-ordinate. Numerical computations of local co- downward at 1,3 and 5 and will move upward at 2 and
ordinates can be obtained using following iterative 4. Let the initial y-coordinates of these points be y1
relationship- ,y2,y3,y4 and y5. Depending upon top and bottom fiber
1 stresses at a point, following four cases may be framed:
x x x
(a). Top fiber is in tension and bottom fiber is in
x i +1 x i compression.
y y y
= + y i +1 y i
z z
(b). Bottom fiber is in tension and top fiber is in
i +1 i z z z i +1 i compression.

(c). Both fibers are in tension.
....... (17) (d). Both fibers are in compression.

36
 Journal of Engineering, Science and Management Education

(a) Top fiber is in tension and bottom fiber is in \7 NUMERICAL EXAMPLES

compression A two span, one way prestressed concrete slab of
Letit andib be top and bottom stresses, then a ratio R is 8000x2000x400 mm is designed using PRECLAD3D
defined as software for friction and non friction conditions. The slab is
discretised into 50 twenty node brick elements and 428
it nodes. The loading conditions and FE model are shown in
R= (18)
it + abs ( ib ) Fig.9. Two line loads are applied in each span of the slab.
Corresponding nodal point loads in terms of A, B, C are 20, 40
where abs is the absolute value. New y-coordinates of the and 10 KN respectively. P is the prestressing force. Following
B-spline ordinates are calculated as- material properties are used for the design purposes-
(a). Young's modulus (concrete) = 2x104 N/mm2
yi +1 = (1 + R) yi (19) (b). Compressive strength of concrete = 40 N/mm
2

(c). Poisson's ratio = 0.15

here yi represents the y-coordinate of the previous
iteration.
(b) Bottom fiber is in tension and top fiber is in
compression
Like previous case the stress ratio is defined in the
following way-
ib
R= (20)
ib + abs ( it )
once again abs represents the absolute value. New y-
coordinates of the B-spline ordinates are calculated as:
yi +1 = (1 R) yi (21)
A check on the compressive stresses at the top fiber will be
made for it to not cross the limiting value.
(c) Both Fibers are in Tension
If top and bottom both fibers are in tension, then either
the cable force should be increased or the section should be
redesigned.
(d) Both Fibers are in Compression
Check the compressive stresses at the top and bottom fibers
for them to not cross the limiting value. If they are below,
cable profile is not altered at that section otherwise
redesign the section.
These steps are repeated till the cable profile for limiting
tensile stresses is obtained. Based on this procedure,
ordinate movements of B-spline are shown in Fig.7.
The flowchart of the proposed algorithm is shown in Fig.8.
Using this a FORTRAN software PRECLAD3D has been
developed. The software has been successfully run on a
Pentium IV processor using Microsoft FORTRAN Power
station compiler.
(d). Wobble coeffient = 1x10-5
(e) Coefficient of friction = 0.20
(f). Tensile strength of concrete = 0.25 N/mm2.
3
(g). Density of concrete = 2500 Kg/m
The limiting tensile stress is considered as 0.25 MPa. Because
of symmetry cables 1,2 and and 4, 5 will have same profile.
In Table 1, top and bottom bending stresses at different
sections for without friction condition are given. The intial
prestressing force is 480 KN. It can be observed that in 12th
iterations, tensile stresses are below the limiting value. The
final prestressing force is 494 KN. Cable eccentricities in
terms of polygon and B-spline ordinates are given in Table 2.
In Table 3, top and bottom bending stresses at different
sections for friction condition are given. The intial
prestressing force is 560 KN. It can be observed that in 7th
iterations, tensile stresses are below the limiting value. The
final prestressingn force is 588 KN. Cable eccentricities in
terms of polygon and B-spline ordinates are given in Table 4.
The percentage increase in the final load with respect to that of
non friction case is 19% which is required to overcome
friction.
CONCLUSIONS
In this paper a new technique for cable layout design of
prestressed concrete slabs is presented. The pre-stressing
cables are modelled as B-spline curve. Friction loss of the
prestressing force is also accounted. The cable segment in the
finite element is modelled by three node bar element. This
approach is coded in a 3D FE software using which two
prestressed concrete slabs have been successfully designed. It
is hoped that the proposed approach will prove to be an
effective tool of the design engineers in realistic design of PC
slabs.

37
Journal of Engineering, Science and Management Education

Table 1: Bending stresses (MPa) (without friction)

It Load Section Cable 1 Cable 2 Cable 3
No (KN) Top Bottom Top Bottom Top Bottom
1. 1-1 -6.366 0.292 -6.348 0.233 -6.336 0.213
480 2-2 0.350 -6.661 0.486 -6.452 0.501 -6.446
3-3 -6.375 -0.306 -6.350 0.248 -6.338 0.228
2. 1-1 -6.271 0.198 -6.254 0.141 -6.243 0.121
480 2-2 0.277 -6.586 0.412 -6.378 0.427 -6.372
3-3 -6.271 0.203 -6.247 0.146 6.236 0.127
3. 1-1 -6.191 0.118 -6.175 0.062 -6.164 0.043
480 2-2 0.247 -6.556 0.381 -6.349 0.397 -6.343
3-3 -6.239 0.172 -6.215 0.114 -6.204 0.095
4. 1-1 -6.154 0.083 -6.140 0.027 -6.129 0.008
480 2-2 0.220 -6.529 0.354 -6.323 0.370 -6.317
3-3 -6.171 0.105 -6.148 0.048 -6.137 0.029
5. 1-1 -6.124 0.053 -6.110 0.002 -6.099 -0.021
480 2-2 0.208 -6.518 0.343 -6.312 0.359 -6.308
3-3 -6.128 0.062 -6.105 0.006 -6.095 -0.012
6. 1-1 -6.098 -0.027 -6.084 -0.027 -6.073 -0.046
480 2-2 0.205 -6.516 0.341 -6.312 0.358 -6.308
3-3 -6.098 0.033 -6.076 -0.022 -6.065 -0.042
7. 1-1 -6.074 0.004 -6.061 -0.050 -6.050 -0.069
480 2-2 0.212 -6.524 0.348 -6.322 0.366 -6.318
3-3 -6.082 0.016 -6.059 -0.039 -6.048 -0.058
8. 1-1 -6.116 -0.080 -6.103 -0.134 -6.092 -0.153
490 2-2 0.133 -6.573 0.270 -6.367 0.288 -6.363
3-3 -6.123 -0.067 -6.101 -0.123 -6.091 -0.142
9. 1-1 -6.098 -0.097 -6.085 --0.152 -6.074 -0.171
490 2-2 0.137 -6.578 0.275 -6.373 0.293 -6.370
3-3 -6.106 -0.084 -6.083 -0.140 -6.073 -0.159
10. 1-1 -6.140 -0.056 -6.127 -0.110 -6.116 -0.129
490 2-2 0.126 -6.565 0.262 -6.357 0.279 -6.352
3-3 -6.140 -0.050 -6.118 -0.106 -6.108 -0.125
11. 1-1 -6.152 -0.081 -6.139 -0.135 -6.129 -0.154
493 2-2 0.102 -6.580 0.239 -6.370 0.256 -6.366
3-3 -6.153 -0.075 -6.131 -0.131 -6.121 -0.150
12. 1-1 -6.157 -0.089 -6.144 -0.144 -6.133 -0.163
494 2-2 0.094 -6.584 0.231 -6.375 0.248 -6.370
3-3 -6.157 -0.083 -6.135 -0.139 -6.125 -0.158

Table 2: Cable eccentricity (mm) at different sections (without friction)

Cable No Cable1 Cable2 Cable3

Distance from left end 0 1600 4000 6400 8000 0 1600 4000 6400 8000 0 1600 4000 6400 8000
(mm)
It Load( Ordinate
No KN)
1. 480 Polygon 200 150 250 150 200 200 150 250 150 200 200 150 250 150 200
B-spline 200 178.40 200 178.40 200 200 178.40 200 178.40 200 200 178.40 200 178.45 200
2. 480 Polygon 200 143.42 262.48 148.12 200 200 144.68 267.51 144.36 200 200 145.12 268.03 144.79 200
B-spline 200 176.59 202.87 176.41 200 200 178.24 206.01 178.05 200 200 178.6 206.49 178.41 200
3. 480 Polygon 200 139.03 273.07 143.47 200 200 141.49 283.74 141.06 200 200 142.4 284.86 141.9 200
B-spline 200 175.86 207.16 178.42 200 200 179.15 212.50 178.90 200 200 179.9 213.5 179.61 200
4. 480 Polygon 200 136.42 282.98 139.62 200 200 140.08 299.80 138.52 200 200 141.41 301.63 139.75 200
B-spline 200 175.99 210.50 177.84 200 200 181.10 219.55 180.20 200 200 182.23 221.10 181.28 200
5. 480 Polygon 200 134.60 292.20 137.28 200 200 139.47 315.69 137.45 200 200 141.22 318.32 139.09 200
B-spline 200 176.50 214.07 178.05 200 200 183.53 227.07 182.36 200 200 185.05 229.23 183.82 200
6. 480 Polygon 200 133.44 301.23 135.90 200 200 139.47 331.96 137.31 200 200 141.22 335.46 139.09 200
B-spline 200 177.38 217.95 178.8 200 200 186.38 235.17 185.14 200 200 188.06 237.80 186.84 200
7. 480 Polygon 200 133.44 310.42 136.54 200 200 139.47 348.97 137.31 200 200 141.22 353.47 139.09 200
B-spline 200 179.01 222.70 180.80 200 200 189.31 243.68 188.13 200 200 191.23 246.81 190.01 200
8. 490 Polygon 200 133.44 310.42 136.54 200 200 139.47 348.97 137.31 200 200 141.22 353.47 139.09 200
B-spline 200 179.01 222.70 180.80 200 200 189.31 243.68 188.13 200 200 191.23 246.81 190.01 200
9. 490 Polygon 200 133.44 316.57 136.54 200 200 139.47 363.17 137.31 200 200 141.22 368.77 139.09 200
B-spline 200 180.09 225.78 181.88 200 200 191.88 250.78 190.63 200 200 193.93 254.46 192.70 200
10. 490 Polygon 200 133.44 301.23 135.90 200 200 139.47 331.96 137.31 200 200 141.22 335.46 139.09 200
B-spline 200 177.38 217.95 178.8 200 200 186.38 235.17 185.14 200 200 188.06 237.8 186.84 200
11. 493 Polygon 200 133.44 301.23 135.90 200 200 139.47 331.96 137.31 200 200 141.22 335.46 139.09 200
B-spline 200 177.38 217.95 178.80 200 200 186.38 235.17 185.14 200 200 188.06 237.80 186.84 200
12. 494 Polygon 200 133.44 301.23 135.90 200 200 139.47 331.96 137.31 200 200 141.22 335.46 139.09 200
B-spline 200 177.38 217.95 178.80 200 200 186.38 235.17 185.14 200 200 188.06 237.80 186.84 200

38
 Journal of Engineering, Science and Management Education

Table 3: Bending stresses (MPa) (with friction)

It Load Section Cable 1 Cable 2 Cable 3

No (KN) Top Bottom Top Bottom Top Bottom
1. 1-1 -6.938 0.536 -6.917 0.474 -6.902 0.453
560 2-2 0.361 -6.991 0.504 -6.773 0.521 -6.767
3-3 -6.383 0.095 -6.360 0.048 -6.349 -0.068
2. 1-1 -6.705 0.330 -6.686 0.270 -6.673 0.250
560 2-2 0.307 -6.991 0.450 -6.694 0.467 -6.688
3-3 -6.398 0.050 -6.375 -0.007 -6.364 -0.026
3. 1-1 -6.561 0.206 -6.544 0.148 -6.531 0.128
560 2-2 0.283 -6.866 0.425 -6.651 0.442 -6.646
3-3 -6.396 0.068 -6.373 0.010 -6.362 -0.009
4. 1-1 -6.473 0.136 -6.457 0.079 -6.445 0.059
560 2-2 0.274 -6.840 0.416 -6.627 0.434 -6.622
3-3 -6.370 0.060 -6.347 0.003 -6.337 -0.016
5. 1-1 -6.516 0.066 -6.500 0.009 -6.488 -0.009
570 2-2 0.207 -6.888 0.350 -6.671 0.368 -6.666
3-3 -6.411 -0.010 -6.389 -0.067 -6.378 -0.087
6. 1-1 -6.558 -0.063 -6.544 -0.059 -6.532 -0.079
580 2-2 0.140 -6.935 0.285 -6.715 0.302 -6.709
3-3 -6.452 -0.081 -6.430 -0.138 -6.419 -0.158
7. 1-1 -6.592 -0.059 -6.578 -0.115 -6.566 -0.135
588 2-2 0.086 -6.973 0.232 -6.750 0.250 -6.744
3-3 -6.484 -0.138 -6.463 -0.194 -6.453 -0.214

Table 4: Cable eccentricity(mm) at different section-with friction

Cable No Cable 1 Cable 2 Cable 3

Distance from left end 0 1600 4000 6400 8000 0 1600 4000 6400 8000 0 1600 4000 6400 8000
(mm)
It Load( Ordinate
No KN)
1. 560 Polygon 200 150 250 150 200 200 150 250 150 200 200 150 250 150 200
B-spline 200 178.40 200 178.40 200 200 178.40 200 178.40 200 200 178.40 200 178.45 200
2. 560 Polygon 200 139.42 262.27 147.80 200 200 140.38 267.31 150 200 200 140.76 267.87 150 200
B-spline 200 174.26 202.94 179.08 200 200 175.71 206.25 181.29 200 200 176.07 206.62 181.39 200
3. 560 Polygon 200 132.88 273.30 146.65 200 200 134.93 284.14 150 200 200 135.67 285.35 150 200
B-spline 200 172.31 206.53 180.24 200 200 175.48 213.30 184.16 200 200 176.13 214.09 184.39 200
4. 560 Polygon 200 128.83 284.12 145.10 200 200 131.94 301.20 149.76 200 200 133.06 303.14 150 200
B-spline 200 171.79 210.54 181.16 200 200 176.71 221.02 186.98 200 200 177.72 222.33 187.48 200
5. 570 Polygon 200 128.83 284.12 145.10 200 200 131.94 301.20 149.76 200 200 133.06 303.14 150 200
B-spline 200 171.79 210.54 181.16 200 200 176.71 221.02 186.98 200 200 172.72 222.33 187.48 200
6. 580 Polygon 200 128.83 284.12 145.10 200 200 131.94 301.20 149.76 200 200 133.06 303.14 150 200
B-spline 200 171.79 210.54 181.16 200 200 176.71 221.02 186.98 200 200 177.72 222.33 187.48 200
7. 588 Polygon 200 128.83 284.12 145.10 200 200 131.94 301.20 149.76 200 200 133.06 303.14 150 200
B-spline 200 171.79 210.54 181.16 200 200 176.71 221.02 186.98 200 200 177.72 222.33 187.48 200

Parabolic

Actual

Fig. 1 : Actual Cable & Parabolic Profile Fig. 2 : B-Spline Profile

39
Journal of Engineering, Science and Management Education

Fig. 3a : Parabolic Profile Fig. 6 : Required Cable Profile

Fig. 3b : B-Spline Profile Fig. 7 : Variation of Cable Profile

Start

Selection of slab loading, Cable

Profile

Finite Element modelling,

Boundary conditions
Change the cable
profile
Finite Element analysis, Study
of bending stresses
No

If stresses No Are the stresses

are below limiting
increasing value?

Yes
Yes
Cable Layout completed
Increase the loads

Stop

Fig. 4 : Brick Element with Curved Bar Element Fig. 8 : Flowchart for Cable Layout Design

Fig. 8: Flow chart for cable layout design

Fig. 5 : Forces on Concrete Due to Cable Tension. Fig. 9 : Oneway Prestressed Concrete Slab.

40

REFERENCES
1. A.M. Brandt. Foundations of Optimum Design in Civil
Engineering, Nijhoff Publishers, 1989.
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