Surge Arrestor

8.
Selection, installation and assembly of surge protective

devices (SPDs)
8.1 Power supply systems (within and surge protection system at the boundary of
lightning protection zone LPZ 0A to LPZ 1 and
the scope of the lightning pro- higher, as shown in Figure 8.1.1. These protective
tection zones concept according devices must be capable of carrying partial light-
to IEC 62305-4 (EN 62305-4)) ning currents, waveform 10/350 s, many times
without consequential damage to the equipment.
The installation of a lightning and surge protec- These SPDs Type 1 are called lightning current
tion system for electrical installations represents arresters. The function of these protective devices
the latest state of the art and is an indispensable is to prevent destructive partial lightning currents
infrastructural condition for the trouble-free oper- from penetrating the electrical installation of a
ation of complex electrical and electronic systems structure.
without consequential damage. The requirements
on SPDs needed for the installation of this type of At the boundary of lightning protection zone
lightning and surge protection system as part of LPZ 0B to LPZ 1 and higher, or lightning protection
the lightning protection zones concept according zone LPZ 1 to LPZ 2 and higher, SPDs Type 2 are
to IEC 62305-4 (EN 62305-4) for power supply sys- employed to protect against surges. Their dis-
tems are stipulated in IEC 60364-5-53/A2 (IEC charge capacity is around some 10 kA (8/20 s).
64/1168/CDV: 2001). The last link in the lightning and surge protection
system for power supply installations is the protec-
SPDs employed as part of the structures fixed tion of terminal devices (boundary from lightning
installation are classified according to the require- protection zone LPZ 2 to LPZ 3 and higher). The
ments and loads on the installation sites as surge main function of a protective device Type 3 used at
protective devices Type 1, 2 and 3 and tested this point is to protect against surges arising
according to IEC 61643-1 (EN 61643-11). between L and N in the electrical system. These are
The highest requirements with respect to the dis- particularly switching surges.The different func-
charge capacity are made on SPDs Type 1. These tions, arrangements and requirements of arresters
are employed within the scope of the lightning is given in Table 8.1.1.
main distribution board subdistribution board terminal equipment

lightning current arrester surge arrester
F1 meter
L1
L2
Wh L3
SEB N
PEN
PE
F2 F3
protection system
external lightning
MEBB local EBB
Fig. 8.1.1 Use of SPDs in power supply systems (schematic diagram)
180 LIGHTNING PROTECTION GUIDE www.dehn.de

Standard E DIN VDE 0675-6 with A1, A2 IEC 61643-1: EN 61643-11:
Type/Description (already withdrawn) 2005 2002
Lightning current arrester; Combined Class B SPD class I SPD Type 1
lightning current and surge arrester
Surge arrester for distribution boards, Class C SPD class II SPD Type 2
subdistribution boards, fixed installations
Surge arrester for socket outlets / Class D SPD class III SPD Type 3
terminal units
Table 8.1.1 Classification of SPDs according to VDE, IEC and EN
8.1.1 Technical characteristics of SPDs characterising their capacity to limit surges to a

Maximum continuous voltage Uc residual level.
The maximum continuous voltage (equal to: rated
voltage) is the root mean square (rms) value of the Depending on the type of SPD, the voltage protec-
max. voltage which may be applied to the corre- tion level is determined by means of the following
spondingly marked terminals of the surge protec- individual tests:
tive device during operation. It is the maximum Lightning impulse sparkover voltage
voltage on the arrester in the defined non-conduc- 1.2/50 s (100 %)
tive state which ensures that this state is regained
after it has responded and discharged. Residual voltage for nominal discharge current
The value of Uc shall be selected in accordance (in accordance with EN 61643-11: Ures)
with the nominal voltage of the system to be pro-
tected and the requirements of the installation The surge protective device appropriate to the
provisions (IEC 60364-5-53/A2 (IEC 64/1168/CDV: installation site is chosen in accordance with the
2001)). Taking into account a 10 % voltage toler- overvoltage categories described in IEC 60664-1
ance for TN and TT systems, the maximum contin- (EN 60664-1). It must be noted that the required
uous voltage Uc is 253 V for 230/400 V systems. minimum value of 2.5 kV for a 230/400 V three-
phase system only applies to equipment belonging
Lightning impulse current Iimp to the fixed electrical installation. Equipment in
This is a standardised impulse current curve with a the terminal circuits supplied by the installation
10/350 s waveform. Its parameters (peak value, require a voltage protection level which is much
charge, specific energy) simulate the load caused lower than 2.5 kV.
by natural lightning currents. IEC 60364-5-53/A2 (IEC 64/1168/CDV: 2001) also
Lightning impulse currents (10/350 s) apply to requires a minimum voltage protection level of
SPDs Type 1. They must be able to discharge such 2.5 kV for a 230/400 V low-voltage consumers
lightning impulse currents several times without installation. This minimum voltage protection
consequential damage to the equipment. level can be realised by means of a coordinated
system of SPDs Type 1 and SPDs Type 2, or by
Nominal discharge current In employing a Type 1 combined lightning current
The nominal discharge current In is the peak value and surge arrester.
of the current flowing through the surge protec-
tive device (SPD). It has an 8/20 s impulse current Short-circuit withstand capability
waveform and is rated for classifying the test of This is the value of the prospective power-frequen-
SPDs Type 2 and also for conditioning the SPDs for cy short circuit current controlled by the surge pro-
Type 1 and 2 tests. tective device in case it is furnished with an
upstream backup fuse (backup protection).
Voltage protection level Up
The voltage protection level of an SPD denotes the Follow current extinguishing capability Uc (Ifi)
maximum instantaneous value of the voltage on The follow current extinguishing capability, also
the terminals of an SPD while at the same time termed breaking capacity, is the unaffected
www.dehn.de LIGHTNING PROTECTION GUIDE 181

(prospective) rms value of the mains follow current (EN 62305-4) the manufacturer must prove the
which can automatically be extinguished by the energy coordination of its SPDs.
surge protective device when Uc is applied. The devices in the Red/Line family are coordinated
According to IEC 62305-3 (EN 62305-3) and IEC with each other and tested with reference to their
60364-5-53/A2 (IEC 64/1168/CDV: 2001) the follow energy coordination.
current extinguishing capability of the SPDs should
correspond to the maximum prospective short cir- TOV
cuit current at the SPDs installation site. For distri- TOV (Temporary OverVoltage) is the term used to
butions in industrial plants with very high short cir- describe temporary surges which can arise as a
cuit currents a corresponding backup fuse has to result of faults within the medium and low-volt-
be chosen for the protective device which inter- age networks.
rupts the mains follow current through the protec- To TN systems as well as the L-N path in TT systems
tive device. and for a measuring time of 5 seconds applies:
According to both IEC 60364-5-53/A2 (IEC 64/1168/ UTOV = 1.45 x U0 , where U0 represents the nominal
CDV: 2001) and EN 61643-11, SPDs connected bet- a.c. voltage of the line to earth.
ween neutral conductors and PE conductors, At 230/400 V systems the TOV to be taken into
where a follow current with mains frequency can consideration for the SPDs between L and N is
arise after the SPD has responded (e.g. spark gaps), Utov = 333.5 V. For TOVs arising in low-voltage sys-
must have a follow current extinguishing capabili- tems as a result of earth faults in the high-voltage
ty of Ifi 100 Arms . system, UTOV = 1200 V for the N-PE path in TT sys-
tems has to be taken into consideration for 200 ms.
Follow current limiting (for spark-gap based SPDs IEC 60364-5-53/A2 (IEC 64/1168/CDV: 2001) requires
Type 1) a TOV withstand capability for SPDs installed in
Follow current limiting is the capability of a spark- low voltage consumers installations.
gap based SPD to limit any mains follow currents
The devices of the Red/Line family of products
arising to such a degree that the current actually
must be rated for TOVs according to EN 61643-11
flowing is noticeably smaller than the possible
and meet th requirements of IEC 60364-5-53/A2
short circuit current at the installation site.
(IEC 64/1168/CDV: 2001).
A high degree of follow current limiting prevents
upstream protective elements (e.g. fuses) from
tripping because of a too high mains follow cur-
rent. 8.1.2 Use of SPDs in various systems
The follow current limiting is an important para- Measures to ensure protection against life hazards
meter for the availability of the electrical installa- always take priority over surge protective meas-
tion, particularly for spark-gap based SPDs with a ures. Since both measures are directly linked to the
low voltage protection level. type of power supply systems and hence also with
the use of surge protective devices (SPDs), the fol-
Coordination lowing describes TN, TT and IT systems and the
In order to ensure a selective functioning of the variety of ways in which SPDs can be used. Electric
various SPDs, an energy coordination among the currents flowing through the human body can
individual SPDs is absolutely essential. The basic have hazardous consequences. Every electrical
principle of energy coordination is characterised installation is therefore required to incorporate
by the fact that each protective stage must only protective measures to prevent hazardous currents
discharge the amount of interference energy the flowing through the human body. Components
SPD is designed for. If higher interference energies being energised during normal operation must be
occur, the protective stage upstream of the SPD, insulated, covered, sheathed or arranged to pre-
e.g. SPD Type 1, must take over the discharge of vent from being touched if this could result in haz-
the impulse current and relieve the downstream ardous currents flowing through the body. This
protective devices. This type of coordination protective measure is termed protection against
must take into account all possible incidences electric shock under normal conditions. More-
of interference such as switching surges, partial over, it goes without saying, of course, that a haz-
lightning currents, etc.. According to IEC 62305-4 ard must not be caused either by current flowing

through the body if, as the result of a fault, e.g. a I Insulation of all active components from the
faulty insulation, the voltage is transferred to the earth or connection of one point of the power
metal enclosure (body of a piece of electrical source to earth via an impedance.
equipment). This protection against hazards
which, in the event of a fault, can result from The SECOND LETTER describes the earthing condi-
touching bodies or extraneous conductive compo- tions of the bodies of the equipment of the electri-
nents, is termed protection against electric shock cal installation:
under fault conditions. T Body of the equipment is earthed directly,
Generally, the limit of the permanently permissible regardless of any possible existing earthing of
touch voltage UL for a.c. voltages is 50 V and for one point of the power supply,
d.c. 120 V.
N Body of the electrical equipment is directly
In electrical circuits containing socket outlets and
connected to the power system earthing
in electrical circuits containing Class I mobile
(earthing of the power source of the electrical
equipment normally held permanently in the hand
installation).
during operation, higher touch voltages, which
can arise in the event of a fault, must be discon-
SUBSEQUENT LETTERS describe the arrangement
nected automatically within 0.4 s. In all other elec-
of the neutral conductor and the protective con-
trical circuits, higher touch voltages must be auto-
ductor:
matically disconnected within 5 s.
IEC 60364-4-41: 2005-12 describes protective meas- S Neutral conductor and protective conductor
ures against indirect shock hazard with protective are separate from each other,
conductors. These protective measures operate in C Neutral conductor and protective conductor
the event of a fault by means of automatic discon- are combined (in one conductor).
nection or message. When setting up the measures
for the protection against electric shock under There are therefore three possible options for the
fault conditions, they must be assigned according TN system:
to the system configuration and the protective TN-S system, TN-C system and TN-C-S system.
device.
According to IEC 60364-4-41: 2005-12, a low volt- The protective devices which can be installed in
age distribution system in its entirety, from the the various systems are:
power source of the electrical installation to the overcurrent protective device,
last piece of equipment, is essentially characterised
by: residual current device,
earthing conditions at the power source of the insulation monitoring device,
electrical installation (e.g. low voltage side of fault-voltage-operated protection device (spe-
the local network transformer) cial cases).
and
earthing conditions of the body of the equip- As previously mentioned, the system configuration
ment in the electrical consumers installations. must be assigned to the protective device. This
results in the following assignments:
Hence, essentially, three basic types are defined as TN system
distribution systems: Overcurrent protective device,
TN system, TT system and IT system.
Residual current device.
The letters used have the following significance:
TT system
The FIRST LETTER describes the earthing condi-
Overcurrent protective device,
tions of the supplying power source of the electri-
cal installation:
T direct earthing of one point of the power Residual current device,
source (generally the neutral point of the Fault-voltage-operated protective device (spe-
transformer), cial cases).

IT system 8.1.3 Use of SPDs in TN Systems
Overcurrent protective device, For protection against electric shock under fault
Residual current device, conditions in TN systems, overcurrent and resi-
Insulation monitoring device, dual current devices have been approved. For the
use of SPDs this means that these protective
devices may only be arranged downstream of the
These measures to protect against life hazards
devices for protection against electric shock
have top priority when installing power supply sys-
under fault conditions in order to ensure that the
tems. All other protective measures such as light-
measure to protect against life hazards also oper-
ning and surge protection of electrical systems and
ates in the event of a failure of an SPD.
installations are secondary to the protective meas-
ures taken against indirect contact with protective If an SPD Type 1 or 2 is installed downstream of a
conductors under consideration of the system con- residual current device, it has to be expected that,
figuration and the protective device. The latter because of the discharged impulse current to PE,
must not be overridden by the use of protective this process will be interpreted as residual current
devices for lightning and surge protection. The by a residual current device (RCD), and it interrupts
occurrence of a fault in an SPD, unlikely as it may the circuit.
be, shall also be taken into account. This has partic- Moreover, if an SPD Type 1 is loaded with partial
ular significance because the surge protective lightning currents it must be assumed that the
devices are always used to the protective conduc- high dynamics of the lightning current will cause
tor. mechanical damage on the residual current device
In the following sections we therefore describe the (Figure 8.1.3.1). This would override the protective
use of SPDs in various system configurations. These measure protection against electric shock under
circuit proposals are taken from IEC 60364-5-53/A2 fault conditions.
(IEC 64/1168/CDV: 2001).
Of course, this must be avoided. Therefore both
The concepts shown illustrate the use of lightning lightning current arresters Type 1 and SPDs Type 2
current arresters mainly in the area of the service should be used upstream of the residual current
entrance box, i.e. upstream of the meter. IEC device. Hence, for SPDs Type 1 and 2, the only pos-
60364-5-53/A2 (IEC 64/1168/CDV: 2001) defines the sible measure for protection against electric
installation site of lightning current arresters as shock under fault conditions is using overcurrent
close to the origin of the installation. protective devices. The use of SPDs must therefore
always be considered in conjunction with a fuse as
In Germany the use of lightning current arresters the overcurrent protective device. Whether or not
upstream the meter is regulated by the VDN- a supplementary separate backup fuse must be
Richtlinie 2004-08 [engl.: Directive of the Asso- designated for the arrester branch, depends on
ciation of the German Network Operators]: the size of the next upstream supply fuse and the
berspannungs-Schutzeinrichtungen Typ 1. Richt- backup fuse approved for the SPD. The following
linie fr den Einsatz von berspannungs- maximum continuous voltages apply to SPDs Type
Schutzeinrichtungen (SE) Typ 1 (bisher Anfor- 1, 2 and 3 when used in TN systems (Figures.8.1.3.2
derungsklasse B) in Hauptstromversorgungssyste- and 8.1.3.3a to b):
men. [engl: Surge protective devices Type 1. Figure 8.1.3.4 illustrates an example of the connec-
Directive for the use of surge protective equip- tions for use of lightning current arresters and
ment Type 1 (up to now Class B) in main distribu- surge protective devices in TN-C-S systems. It can
tion systems be seen that SPDs Type 3 are used downstream of
This directive, compiled by the VDN defines basic the residual current device (RCD). In this context,
requirements which, depending on the Distribu- please note the following:
tion Network Operator (DNO) can lead to different As a result of the frequency of switching surges in
technical designs. the terminal circuits, SPDs Type 3 are primarily
The preferred kind of supply (network configura- employed to protect against differential mode
tion) must be ascertained from the responsible voltages. These surges generally arise between L
operator of the distribution network and N. A surge limitation between L and N means

U0 = 230 V a.c.
L1
L2
Uc 1.1 x 230 V = 255 V a.c.
L3
PEN => 3 x SPD with Uc 255 V a.c.
1.1 U0
U0 = Nominal a.c. voltage of the
phase conductors to earth
RA
Fig. 8.1.3.2 3-0 circuit in TN-C systems
L1 U0 = 230 V a.c.
L2 Phase conductor to PE:
L3 Uc 1.1 x 230 V = 255 V a.c.
N Neutral conductor to PE:
PE
Uc 230 V a.c.
Fig. 8.1.3.1 RCD destroyed by lightning impulse
current 3 x SPD with Uc 255 V a.c.
1 x SPD with Uc 230 V a.c.
1.1 U0 U0
that no impulse current is discharged The values of U0 between neutral
to PE. Thus, this process can also not conductor and PE already refer to
be interpreted as residual current by most unfavourable operating con-
ditions. A tolerance of 10 % was
the RCD. In all other cases, SPDs Type 3 therefore not considered
are designed for a nominal discharge
RA
capacity of 1.5 kA. These values are
sufficient in the sense that upstream U0 = Nominal a.c. voltage of the phase conductors to earth
protective stages of SPDs Type 1 and 2 Fig. 8.1.3.3a 4-0 circuit in TN-S systems
take over the discharge of high ener-
gy impulses. When using an RCD capa-
ble of withstanding impulse currents,
these impulse currents are not able to L1 U0 = 230 V a.c.
trip the RCD or cause mechanical dam- L2 Phase conductor to PE:
age. The Figures 8.1.3.5 to 8.1.3.9 illus- L3 Uc 1.1 x 230 V = 255 V a.c.
N Neutral conductor to PE:
trate the use of SPDs as part of the
PE Uc 230 V a.c.
lightning protection zones concept,
and the required lightning and surge 3 x SPD with Uc 255 V a.c.
protective measures for a TN-C-S sys- 1 x SPD with Uc 230 V a.c.
tem. 1.1 U0
The values of U0 between neutral
conductor and PE already refer to
most unfavourable operating con-
U0
8.1.4 Use of SPDs in TT systems ditions. A tolerance of 10 % was
therefore not considered.
For protection against electric shock
under fault conditions in TT systems,
the overcurrent protective devices,
RA phase conductors to earth
residual current devices (RCD) and, in
special cases, fault-voltage-operated Fig. 8.1.3.3b 3+1 circuit in TN-S systems

protection system
external lightning
protection acc. to IEC 62305 (EN 62305)
F1 protection acc. to IEC 60364-4-443

L1
L2
RCD
Wh L3
SEB N
PEN
PE
F2 F3
MEBB local EBB
Fig. 8.1.3.4 Use of SPDs in TN-C-S systems

protection system
external lightning

protection acc. to IEC 60364-4-443
F1
L1
L2
Wh L3
SEB N
PE
F2 F3
MEBB local EBB
Fig. 8.1.3.5 Use of SPDs in TN-S systems

L1 L2 L3 N PE
SPD Type 3 SPD Type 3 SPD Type 3
(Surge arrester) (Surge arrester) (Surge arrester)
Socket Outlet
S-Schutz
DEHNflex
Cable lengt 1 x DSA 230 LA Part No. 924 370 1 x DFL M 255 Part No. 924 396 1 x STC 230 Part No. 924 350
h5m
for cable ducts for flush-mounted systems for existing socket outlets
16 A
125 A 1 125 A 1
L1 L2 L3 N L1 L2 L3 N
Subdistribution Board
DEHNguard
DEHNguard
DEHNguard
DEHNguard
DEHNguard
DEHNguard
DEHNguard
DEHNguard
DG MOD 275
DG MOD 275
DG MOD 275
DG MOD 275
DG MOD 275
DG MOD 275
DG MOD 275
DG MOD 275
fault signal
PE PE
or with remote signalling contact:

1 x DG M TNS 275 Part No. 952 400 1 x DG M TNS 275 FM Part No. 952 405
SPD Type 2 SPD Type 2

(Surge arrester) (Surge arrester)
DEHNventil
DEHNbloc Maxi Directly coordinated to
Cable length 15 m Coordinated to DEHNguard Red/Line SPDs Type 2 and 3
without additional cable length. without additional cable length.

SPD Type 1 (Coordinated lightning (Combined lightning current
(Lightning current arrester) current arrester) and surge arrester)
Main Distribution Board
315 A 1 315 A 1 315 A 1
L1 L1 L2 L2 L3 L3
L1 L1' L2 L2' L3 L3' L L' L L' L L'
DEHNbloc Maxi DEHNbloc Maxi DEHNbloc Maxi

DEHNbloc DB 3 255 H DBM 1 255 L DBM 1 255 L DBM 1 255 L
DEHNventil
DEHNventil
DEHNventil
DV MOD 255
DV MOD 255
DV MOD 255
N/PEN N/PEN N/PEN N/PEN N/PEN N/PEN N/PEN N/PEN

D D D
S S S
I I I
! ! !
PEN
1 x DV M TNC 255 Part No. 951 300

3x DBM 1 255 L Part No. 900 026 alt. 1 x DV M TNC 255 FM Part No. 951 305
1 x DB 3 255 H Part No. 900 120 1x MVS 1 8 Part No. 900 611 also available as
EBB alt. 3 x DB 1 255 H Part No. 900 222 alt. 3 x DBM 1 255 Part No. 900 025 1 x DV M TNS 255 Part No. 951 400
1 x MVS 1 8 Part No. 900 611 1x MVS 1 8 Part No. 900 611 alt. 1 x DV M TNS 255FM Part No. 951 405
1) Only required, if a fuse of the same or a lower nominal value is not already provided in the upstream power supply.
Fig. 8.1.3.6 SPDs used in TN systems Example: Office Building Separation of the PEN in the main distribution board

L1 L2 L3 N PE
Socket Outlet
berspannungsschutz
S-PROTECTOR
230V~ Defect
0
1
SFL-Protector
1 x SF PRO Part No. 909 820

Cable lengt 1 x NSM PRO EW Part No. 924 342 1 x S PRO Part No. 909 821 1 x SFL PRO Part No. 912 260
h5m
16 A
125 A 1 125 A 1
L1 L2 L3 L1 L2 L3
DEHNguard
DEHNguard
DEHNguard
DEHNguard
DEHNguard
DEHNguard
DG MOD 275
DG MOD 275
DG MOD 275
DG MOD 275
DG MOD 275
DG MOD 275
fault signal
PEN PEN

1 x DG M TNC 275 Part No. 952 300 1 x DG M TNC 275 FM Part No. 952 305

DEHNventil

315 A 1 315 A 1 315 A 1
L1 L1 L2 L2 L3 L3
L1 L1' L2 L2' L3 L3' L L' L L' L L'

DEHNbloc DB 3 255 H DBM 1 255 L DBM 1 255 L DBM 1 255 L
DEHNventil
DEHNventil
DEHNventil
DV MOD 255
DV MOD 255
DV MOD 255

D D D
S S S
I I I
! ! !
PEN
3x DBM 1 255 L Part No. 900 026

1 x DB 3 255 H Part No. 900 120 1x MVS 1 8 Part No. 900 611
EBB alt. 3 x DB 1 255 H Part No. 900 222 alt. 3 x DBM 1 255 Part No. 900 025 1 x DV M TNC 255 Part No. 951 300
1 x MVS 1 8 Part No. 900 611 1x MVS 1 8 Part No. 900 611 alt. 1 x DV M TNC 255 FM Part No. 951 305
Fig. 8.1.3.7 SPDs used in TN systems Example: Office Building Separation of the PEN in the subdistribution board

L1 L2 L3 N PE
25 A also 16 A 1
Switchgear/Machine
3A 1
permissible
without NF 10 4 3
L L N N
IN
DR MOD 255
DEHNrail
NETZFILTER N L1 L2 L3
/ IN function
DEHN SPD electronic
SPS PRO
PLC PLC DEHNrail 230/3N FML
DR 230 3N FML
equipment
OUT
OUT / FM L' L' N' N'
N L1 L2 L3
10 A 1
2 1
Cable lengt 1 x DR M 2P 255 FM Part No. 953 205

h5m 1 x SPS PRO Part No. 912 253 1 x NF 10 Part No. 912 254 1 x DR 230 3N FML Part No. 901 130
16 A
125 A 1
L1 L2 L3
VNH VNH VNH
V NH 00 280 V NH 00 280 V NH 00 280
2
DEHNguard
DEHNguard
DEHNguard
DG MOD 275
DG MOD 275
DG MOD 275
PEN
1 x DG M TNC 275 Part No. 952 300

3 x V NH00 280 Part No. 900 261 1 x DG M TNC 275 FM Part No. 952 305

DEHNventil

(Lightning current arrester) current arrester) and surge arrester) Main Distribution Board
fault signal
315 A 1 315 A 1 315 A 1
L1 L1 L2 L2 L3 L3
14 11 12 L L' L L' L L'
DEHNsignal DEHNbloc Maxi DEHNbloc Maxi DEHNbloc Maxi

DEHNbloc NH

DEHNbloc NH

DEHNbloc NH

DSI DBM DBM 1 255 L DBM 1 255 L DBM 1 255 L
DB NH00 255 DB NH00 255 DB NH00 255
DEHNventil
DEHNventil
DEHNventil
DV MOD 255
DV MOD 255
DV MOD 255
fault signal
N/PEN N/PEN N/PEN N/PEN N/PEN N/PEN

1 2 3 D D D
S S S
I I I
! ! !
PEN
3 x DB NH00 255 H Part No. 900 273 3 x DBM 1 255 L Part No. 900 026
EBB alt. 3 x DB 1 255 H Part No. 900 222 1 x MVS 1 8 Part No. 900 611 1 x DV M TNC 255 FM Part No. 951 305
1 x MVS 1 8 Part No. 900 611 alt. 3 x DBM 1 255 S Part No. 900 220 alt. 1 x DV M TNC 255 Part No. 951 300
2) Without separate backup fuse in case of earth-fault- and short-circuit-proof installation.
Fig. 8.1.3.8 SPDs used in TN systems Example: Industry Separation of the PEN in the subdistribution board

L1 L2 L3 N PE
Heating Control
Socket Outlet
1 2
S-PROTECTOR
heating
DR MOD 255
DEHNrail
230V~ Defect
3 4
1 x S PRO Part No. 909 821

1 x SF PRO Part No. 909 820
1 x DR M 2P 255 Part No. 953 200 1 x SFL PRO Part No. 912 260
16 A
SPD Type 1
(Combined lightning current
KW h Note:
and surge arrester)
Central Main and

As an alternative, surge arresters can also be used
(e.g. DG M TNC 275 Part No. 952 300),
PEN if no
- lightning protection system,
L1 - electrical power supply by the service entry mast,
DEHNventil ZP
DV ZP TNC 255 - antenna on the roof
L2
is available.
L3 1 x DV ZP TNC 255 Part No. 900 390
also available for 5-wire systems
PEN
1 x DV ZP TT 255 Part No. 900 391
315 A gL/gG EBB
PEN
L1
L2
L3
Fig. 8.1.3.9 SPDs used in TN systems Example: Residential building
protective devices have

been approved. This means L1 U0 = 230 V a.c.
that, in TT systems, light- L2
ning current and surge L3 Phase conductor to neutral conductor
arresters may only be ar- N
PE
Uc 1.1 x 230 V = 255 V a.c.
ranged downstream of
the above described pro- Neutral conductor to PE:
tective devices in order Uc 230 V a.c.
to ensure the protection 1.1 U0
against electric shock un- 3 x SPD with Uc 255 V a.c.
der fault conditions in
1 x N-PE arrester with Uc 230 V a.c.
the event of an SPD fail-
ure. The values of U0 between neutral con-
ductor and PE already refer to the most
As previously described in unfavourable operating conditions.
U0 A tolerance of 10 % has therefore not
Section 8.1.3, in case of an
arrangement of an SPD been considered.
Type 1 or 2 downstream of
an RCD, it has to be
expected that, because of
the impulse current dis- RA phase conductors to earth
charged to PE, this dis-
charge process will be Fig. 8.1.4.1 TT system (230/400 V); 3+1 circuit

protection system
external lightning
lightning current and surge protection acc. to IEC 62305 (EN 62305)

L1
L2
RCD
Wh L3
N
SEB PE
F2
F3
MEBB local EBB
Fig. 8.1.4.2 Use of SPDs in TT systems
interpreted by the RCD as residual current, and short circuit currents. In certain circumstances,
then the circuit is interrupted by the same. If SPDs however, these earth fault currents do not trip an
Type 1 are used, it must further be assumed that upstream overcurrent protective device within the
the dynamics of the discharged partial lightning time required.
current would cause mechanical damage to the
RCD as the SPD Type 1 responds as is the case with
SPDs Type 1 and 2 in TT systems are therefore
TN systems. This would damage the protective
arranged between L and N. This arrangement shall
device for protection against electric shock under
ensure that, in the event of a faulty protective
fault conditions and override the protective
device in the TT system, a short circuit current can
measure. This type of state, which can result in life
develop and cause the next upstream overcurrent
hazard, must of course be avoided. Hence, both
protective device to respond. However, since light-
SPDs Type 1 and SPDs Type 2 must always be
ning currents always occur to earth, i.e. PE, a sup-
installed upstream of the residual current device in
plementary discharge path between N and PE
TT systems. SPDs Type 1 and 2 must be arranged in
must be provided.
TT systems to meet the conditions for the use of
overcurrent protective devices for protection These so-called N-PE arresters must meet special
against electric shock under fault conditions. requirements since here, on the one hand, the sum
of the partial discharge currents from L1, L2, L3
In the event of a failure, i.e. a faulty SPD, short cir- and N must be carried and, on the other, there
cuit currents must flow to initiate an automatic must be a follow current extinguishing capability
disconnection of the overcurrent protective of 100 Arms because of a possible shifting of the
devices within 5 s. If the arresters in the TT system neutral point.
were arranged as shown in Figures 8.1.3.4 and The following maximum continuous voltages
8.1.3.5 for TN systems then, in the event of a fault, apply to the use of SPDs in TT systems between L
only earth fault currents would arise instead of and N (Figure 8.1.4.1):

L1 L2 L3 N PE
Heating Control
Socket Outlet
1 2
heating
DR MOD 255
DEHNrail
DEHNflex
3 4
1 x DR M 2P 255 Part No. 953 200 1 x DFL M 255 Part No. 924 396
16 A SPD Type 1
(Combined lightning current
and surge arrester)
Note:
Central Main and

As an alternative, surge arresters can also be used
(e.g. DG M TT 275 Part No. 952 310),
if no
- lightning protection system,
L1 L1 L2 L2 L3 L3 N N
- electrical power supply by the service entry mast,
- antenna on the roof
is available.
DEHNventil
DEHNventil
DEHNventil
DEHNventil
DV MOD NPE
DV MOD 255
DV MOD 255
DV MOD 255
50
125 A 1 x DV M TT 255 Part No. 951 310

PE
EBB
Fig. 8.1.4.3 SPDs used in TT systems Example: Residential Building
The lightning current carrying capability of the Figure 8.1.4.2 to 8.1.4.6 shows examples of the
SPDs Type 1 must be designed to conform to light- connections for use of SPDs in TT systems. As is the
ning protection levels I, II, III/IV, as per IEC 62305-1 case in TN systems, surge protective devices Type 3
(EN 62305-1). are installed downstream of the RCD. Generally,
For the lightning current carrying capability of the the impulse current discharged by this SPD is so
SPDs between N and PE, the following values must low that the RCD does not recognise this process as
be maintained: a residual current.
Lightning protection level: However, it is still important to use an RCD capable

I Iimp 100 kA (10/350 s) of withstanding impulse currents.
II Iimp 75 kA (10/350 s)
III/IV Iimp 50 kA (10/350 s).
8.1.5 Use of SPDs in IT systems
The SPDs Type 2 are also connected between L and
N and between N and PE. For the SPD between N For protection against electric shock under fault
and PE, in combination with SPDs Type 2, the dis- conditions in IT systems, overcurrent protective
charge capacity must be at least In 20 kA (8/20 s) devices, residual current devices (RCD) and insula-
for three-phase systems and In 10 kA (8/20 s) for tion monitoring devices have been approved.
single-phase systems.
Since coordination is always performed on the Whereas in TN or TT systems, the protection
basis of the worst-case conditions (10/350 s wave- against electric shock under fault conditions in
form), the N-PE Type 2 arrester from the Red/Line the event of the first fault is ensured by the appro-
family is based on a value of 12 kA (10/350 s). priate automatic disconnection from supply

L1 L2 L3 N PE
Socket Outlet
S-Schutz
DEHNflex
Cable lengt 1 x DSA 230 LA Part No. 924 370 1 x DFL M 255 Part No. 924 396 1 x STC 230 Part No. 924 350
h5m
for cable ducts for flush-mounted systems for existing socket outlets
16 A
RCD
125 A 1 125 A 1
L1 L2 L3 N L1 L2 L3 N
DEHNguard
DEHNguard
DEHNguard
DEHNguard
DEHNguard
DEHNguard
DEHNguard
DEHNguard
DG MOD NPE
DG MOD NPE
DG MOD 275
DG MOD 275
DG MOD 275
DG MOD 275
DG MOD 275
DG MOD 275
fault signal
PE PE

1 x DG M TT 275 Part No. 952 310 1 x DG M TT 275 FM Part No. 952 315

DEHNventil

(Lightning current arrester) current arrester) and surge arrester) Main Distribution Board
315 A 1 315 A 1 315 A 1
L1 L1 L2 L2 L3 L3 N N
L1 L1' L2 L2' L3 L3' L L' L L' L L' N N'
Durchgangsklemme DEHNgap B/n DEHNbloc Maxi DEHNbloc Maxi DEHNbloc Maxi DEHNgap Maxi
DEHNbloc DB 3 255 H DK 35 DGP BN 255 DBM 1 255 L DBM 1 255 L DBM 1 255 L DGP M255
DEHNventil
DEHNventil
DEHNventil
DEHNventil
DV MOD NPE
DV MOD 255
DV MOD 255
DV MOD 255
50
N/PEN N/PEN N/PEN N/PEN N/PEN N/PEN N/PEN N/PEN N

D D D D
S S S S
I I I I
! ! ! !
PE
fault signal
1x DB 3 255 H Part No. 900 120
alt. 3 x DB 1 255 H Part No. 900 222 3x DBM 1 255 L Part No. 900 026
1x DGP BN 255 Part No. 900 132 alt. 3 x DBM 1 255 Part No. 900 025
EBB 1x DK 35 Part No. 900 699 1x DGPM 255 Part No. 900 055 1 x DV M TT 255 FM Part No. 951 315
1x MVS 1 4 Part No. 900 610 1x MVS 1 8 Part No. 900 611 alt. 1 x DV M TT 255 Part No. 951 310
Fig. 8.1.4.4 SPDs used in TT systems Example: Office building

L1 L2 L3 N PE
25 A also 16 A 1
Switchgear/Machine
3A 1
permissible
without NF 10 4 3
L L N N
IN
DR MOD 255
DEHNrail
NETZFILTER N L1 L2 L3
/ IN function
DEHN SPD electronic
SPS PRO
PLC PLC DEHNrail 230/3N FML
DR 230 3N FML equipment
OUT
OUT / FM L' L' N' N'
N L1 L2 L3
10 A 1
2 1
Cable lengt 1 x DR M 2P 255 FM Part No. 953 205

h5m 1 x SPS PRO Part No. 912 253 1 x NF 10 Part No. 912 254 1 x DR 230 3N FML Part No. 901 130
16 A
RCD
125 A 1 125 A 1
L1 L2 L3 N L1 L2 L3 N
DEHNguard
DEHNguard
DEHNguard
DEHNguard
DEHNguard
DEHNguard
DEHNguard
DEHNguard
DG MOD NPE
DG MOD NPE
DG MOD 275
DG MOD 275
DG MOD 275
DG MOD 275
DG MOD 275
DG MOD 275
fault signal
PE PE

1 x DG M TT 275 Part No. 952 310 1 x DG M TT 275 FM Part No. 952 315

DEHNventil

indication of
interference
315 A 1 315 A 1 315 A 1
L1 L1 L2 L2 L3 L3 N N
14 11 12 L L' L L' L L' N N'

DEHNbloc NH DEHNbloc NH DEHNbloc NH DEHNbloc NH
DB NH00 255 DB NH00 255 DB NH00 255 DB NH00 255
DEHNsignal DEHNbloc Maxi DEHNbloc Maxi DEHNbloc Maxi DEHNgap Maxi
DSI DV DBM 1 255 L DBM 1 255 L DBM 1 255 L DGP M255
DEHNventil
DEHNventil
DEHNventil
DEHNventil
DV MOD NPE
DV MOD 255
DV MOD 255
DV MOD 255
50
N/PEN N/PEN N/PEN N/PEN N/PEN N/PEN N

1 2 3 4 D D D D
S S S S
I I I I
! ! ! !
PE
3x DBM 1 255 L Part No. 900 026 fault signal

alt. 3 x DBM 1 255 Part No. 900 025
EBB 3 x DB NH00 255 H Part No. 900 273 1x DGPM 255 Part No. 900 055 1 x DV M TT 255 FM Part No. 951 315
1 x DGP B NH00 N 255 Part No. 900 269 1x MVS 1 8 Part No. 900 611 alt. 1 x DV M TT 255 Part No. 951 310
Fig. 8.1.4.5 SPDs used in TT systems Example: Industry

through the overcurrent protective devices or
RCDs, the first fault in an IT system only creates an L1 UL-L 500 V a.c.
alarm. An excessive shock hazard voltage cannot L2
L3 Phase conductor to PE:
occur because the first fault in the IT system simply PE Uc 500 V a.c.
creates an earth connection of the system. The 3 x SPD with Uc 500 V a.c.
operating state of the IT system then becomes a TN UL-L
The values of Uc between neutral
or TT system. Hence, an IT system can be further
operated at no risk after the first fault. Thus, work the most unfavourable operating
or production processes already begun (e.g. chem- conditions. A tolerance of 10 %
ical industry) can still be completed. For the first has therefore not been considered.
fault, the protective conductor adopts the poten-
tial of the faulty external conductor, which, how- RA
ever, does not create a risk, because all bodies and
Fig. 8.1.5.1a IT system without neutral conductor; 3-0 circuit
metal components which persons can come into
contact with, adopt this potential via the protec-
tive conductor. Hence, no hazardous potential dif-
ferences can be bridged either. When the first fault U0 = 230 V a.c.
L1
occurs, however, it must be noted, that the voltage L2 Phase conductor to neutral conductor:
of the IT system of the intact conductors to earth L3 Uc 3 x 230 V = 398 V a.c.
corresponds to the voltage between the external N
PE Neutral conductor to PE:
conductors. Hence, in a 230/400 V IT system, in the Uc 230 V a.c.
event of a faulty SPD there is a voltage of 400 V
across the non-faulty SPD. This possible operating 3 x SPD with Uc 398 V a.c.
state must be taken into account when choosing 3 U0 U0
the SPDs with respect to their maximum continu- The values of Uc between neutral
ous voltage.
the most unfavourable operating
conditions. A tolerance of 10 %
When considering IT systems, a distinction is made has therefore not been considered.
between IT systems with neutral conductors enter-
ing the building with the others, and IT systems RA
phase conductors to earth
without such neutral conductors. For IT systems
with the latter configuration, the SPDs in the so- Fig. 8.1.5.1b IT system with neutral conductor; 4-0 conductor
called 3-0 circuit must be installed between each
external conductor and the PE conductor. For IT
systems with neutral conductors entering the
building with the others, both the 4-0 and the L1 U0 = 230 V a.c.
3+1 circuit can be used. When using the 3+1 L2
Phase conductor to neutral conductor:
circuit, it must be noted that, in the N-PE path, an L3
N Uc 1.1 x 230 V = 255 V a.c.
SPD must be employed with a follow current extin- PE Neutral conductor to PE:
guishing capability appropriate to the system con- Uc 230 V a.c.
ditions.
1,1 U0
1.1 1 x SPD with Uc 230 V a.c.
The following maximum continuous operating
voltages apply to the use of SPDs Type 1, 2 and 3 in The values of Uc between neutral
IT systems with and without neutral conductors
the most unfavourable operating
entering the building with the others (Figures U0
conditions. A tolerance of 10 %
8.1.5.1a c). has therefore not been considered.
A second fault in an IT system must then cause a U0 = Nominal a.c. voltage of the
tripping of a protective device. The statements RA phase conductors to earth
about TN and TT systems made in Sections 8.1 and
8.2 apply to the use of SPDs in IT systems in connec- Fig. 8.1.5.1c IT system with neutral conductor; 3+1 circuit

protection system
external lightning

L1
L2
Wh L3
SEB PE
F2 F3
MEB local EBB
Fig. 8.1.5.2 Use of SPDs in IT systems without neutral conductor
tion with a protec- L1 L2 L3PE 1) Only required, if a fuse of the same or a lower nominal value
is not already provided in the upstream power supply.
tive device for "pro-
tection against electric
shock under fault con-
ditions". 1 1
125 A 125 A
The use of SPDs Type 1
and 2 upstream of the
DEHNguard
DEHNguard
DEHNguard
DEHNguard
DEHNguard
DEHNguard
DG MOD 440
DG MOD 440
DG MOD 440
DG MOD 440
DG MOD 440
DG MOD 440
RCD is therefore also

recommended for IT fault signal
systems. A connection
example for the use or with remote signalling contact:
of SPDs in IT systems 3 x DG S 440
1 x MVS 1 4
Part No. 952 075
Part No. 900 610
3 x DG S 440 FM Part No. 952 095
1 x MVS 1 4 Part No. 900 610
without neutral con- SPD Type 2 SPD Type 2
ductors entering the (Surge arrester) (Surge arrester)
building with the oth-
ers is shown in Figure DEHNbloc Maxi
1
8.1.5.2 and 8.1.5.3. 250 A Coordinated lightning current arrester Type 1
Figure 8.1.5.4 shows

the use of SPDs in IT
systems with neutral
conductor. L L' PE PE' L L' PE PE' L L' PE PE'
DEHNbloc MAXI DBM 440 DEHNbloc MAXI DBM 440 DEHNbloc MAXI DBM 440
3 x DBM 440 Part No. 900 044
Fig. 8.1.5.3 Use of SPDs in 400 V IT systems Example without neutral conductor

L1 L2 L3 N PE vided by the surge pro-
tective device. Therefore,
SPD Type 2 IEC 60364-5-53/A2 (IEC
(Surge arrester) 64/1168/CDV: 2001) sug-
gests a series connection
system (V-shape) as shown
1 in Figure 8.1.6.1 to be
125 A
used for connecting surge
Durchgangsklemme
4 x DG S 275 Part No. 952 070 protective devices. This
DK 35
1x MVS 1 8 Part No. 900 611
requires no separate con-
DEHNguard
DEHNguard
DEHNguard
DEHNguard
DG MOD 275
DG MOD 275
DG MOD 275
DG MOD 275
1x DK 35 Part No. 900 699
ductor branches for con-
necting the surge protec-
tive devices.
Parallel connection sys-

tem in accordance with
DEHNbloc IEC 60364-5-53/A2 (IEC
Coordinated lightning current arrester Type 1 64/1168/CDV: 2001)
The optimum series con-

nection system cannot be
1 used under all system con-
315 A
L L' L L' ditions. L L' L L'
4x DBM 1 255 Part No. 900 025

DBM 1 255 L DBM 1 255 L
1x MVS 1 8 Part No. 900 611
Nominal currents carried
DBM 1 255 L
Durchgangsklemme
DK 35
DEHNbloc Maxi
DBM 1 255 L
1x DK 35 Part No. 900 699 via the double terminals

on the surge protective
D D D D
S S S S
I I I I
! ! ! !
device as part of the series

wiring are limited by the
EBB
thermal loadability of the
1) Only required, if a fuse of the same or a lower nominal value
is not already provided in the upstream power supply. double terminals. For this
reason, the manufacturer
Fig. 8.1.5.4 Use of SPDs in 230/400 V IT systems Example with neutral conductor of the surge protective
device prescribes a certain
8.1.6 Rating the lengths of the connecting max. permissible value of the backup fuse which,
leads for SPDs in turn, means that series wiring can sometimes
Rating the lengths of connecting leads of surge not be used for systems with higher nominal oper-
protective devices is a significant part of the IEC ating currents.
60364-5-53/A2 (IEC 64/1168/CDV: 2001) installation Meanwhile, the industry provides so-called two-
regulations. conductor terminals to solve this problem. Thus,
the cable lengths can still be kept short, even if the
The aspects stated below are also frequently the
nominal operating current is increased. When
reason for complaints through experts, members
using the two-conductor terminals, however, it
of technical inspectorates, etc. inspecting the
must be ensured that the value of the backup fuse
structure.
stated by the manufacturer for this particular
application is always observed (Figures 8.1.6.2 and
Series connection (V-shape) in accordance with IEC 8.1.6.3).
60364-5-53/A2 (IEC 64/1168/CDV: 2001) If series connection is definitely no option, surge
Crucial for the protection of systems, equipment protective devices must be integrated into a sepa-
and consumers is the actual level of impulse volt- rate branch circuit. If the nominal value of the next
age across the installations to be protected. The upstream installation fuse exceeds the nominal
optimum protective effect is then achieved when current of the max. permissible backup fuse of the
the impulse level across the installation to be pro- surge protective device, the branch must be
tected matches the voltage protection level pro- equipped with a backup fuse for the surge protec-

iimp uSPD Utotal
Utotal = uSPD
iimp Discharged impulse current
uSPD Limiting SPD voltage
Utotal Limiting voltage on the terminal
equipment
Fig. 8.1.6.1 Surge protective devices in Fig. 8.1.6.2 Principle of two-conductor ter- Fig. 8.1.6.3 Pin-shaped terminal STAK 25
V-shape series connection minals (TCT) Illustration of a
single-pole unit
tive device (Figure 8.1.6.4), or SPDs with integrated and the rate of current change (di/dt) for transient
backup fuse are used (Figures 8.1.6.5 and 8.1.6.6). processes of a few 10 kA/s, the dynamic voltage
drop Udyn is considerably determined by the induc-
When the surge protective device in the conductor tive component.
branch responds, the discharge current flows In order to keep this dynamic voltage drop low,
through further elements (conductors, fuses) caus- the electrician carrying out the work must keep
ing additional dynamic voltage drops across these the inductance of the connecting cable and hence
impedances. its length as low as possible. IEC 60364-5-53/A2
It can be stated here that the ohmic component is (IEC 64/1168/CDV: 2001) therefore recommends to
negligible compared to the inductive component. design the total cable length of surge protective
devices in branch circuits to be not longer than
Taking into account the relation 0.5 m (Figure 8.1.6.7).
di Design of the connecting lead on the earth side

udyn = i R + L This requirement, which is seemingly difficult to
dt
realise, shall be explained with the help of the
L/N
udyn 1
uSPD Utotal
iimp
udyn 2
PE
Utotal = udyn 1 + uSPD + udyn 2
iimp Discharged impulse current
uSPD Limiting SPD voltage
Utotal Limiting voltage on the terminal equip-
ment
udyn 1 Dynamic voltage drop on the phase-
side connection of the SPD
udyn 2 Dynamic voltage drop at the earth-side
connection of the SPD
Fig. 8.1.6.4 Connection of surge protective Fig. 8.1.6.5 DEHNbloc Maxi S: coordinated Fig. 8.1.6.6 Surge protective device Type
devices in cable branches lightning current arrester for the 2 V NH for use in NH fuse
busbar with integrated backup fuse bases

Thus, the effective cable length
(la) for the surge protective
a devices corresponds to the dis-
tance between the installation
site of the surge protective
SPD
TEI TEI devices (e.g. service entrance
SPD
box, main distribution board) to
the equipotential bonding bar. A
b
connection configuration of this

type mostly achieves minimum
b1
EBB EBB
b2 effective protection of the instal-
lation. Without great expenses,
a+b 0.50 m (b1 + b2) < 0.50 m however, it is possible to use
a conductor leading as shown
TEI = Terminal Equipment Interface in Figure 8.1.6.8b to reduce
Fig. 8.1.6.7 Recommended max. cable lengths of surge protective devices in branch circuits the effective cable length of
the surge protective devices
(lb < 0.5 m).
This is achieved by using a
L1 L1 bypass conductor (y) from the
L2 L2
L3 L3
terminal of the earth side of the
PEN PEN arrester to the PEN. The connec-
lb
tion from the terminal of the

y earth side of the arrester to the
la
equipotential bonding bar (x)

remains as it was.
x x
EBB EBB According to the VDN-Richt-
linie 2004-08 [engl.: Directive of
the Association of the German
Network Operators]: berspan-
unfavourable favourable nungs-Schutzeinrichtungen Typ 1.
Richtlinie fr den Einsatz von
berspannungs - Schutzeinrich-
Fig. 8.1.6.8a Unfavourable conductor rout- Fig. 8.1.6.8b Favourable conductor routing tungen (SE) Typ 1 (bisher An-
ing from the consumers point from the consumers point of forderungsklasse B) in Haupt-
of view view stromversorgungssystemen.
[engl: Surge protective devices
example shown in Figures 8.1.6.8a and b. These Type 1. Directive for the use of surge protective
show the main equipotential bonding (in future: equipment Type 1 (up to now Class B) in main dis-
protective equipotential bonding) of a low voltage tribution systems.], the bypass conductor (y) may
consumers installation in accordance with IEC only be omitted if the surge protective device is
60364-4-41 and IEC 60364-5-54. Here, the use of installed in the immediate vicinity ( 0.5 m) of the
surge protective devices Type 1 extends the service entrance box and hence also in the immedi-
equipotential bonding to become a lightning ate vicinity of the equipotential bonding.
equipotential bonding.
In Figure 8.1.6.8a, both measures are installed sep- When installing the connection y, the distance
arately. In this case, the PEN was connected to the between service entrance box or main distribution
equipotential bonding bar and the earthing con- board and equipotential bonding bar is thus
nection of the surge protective devices was per- insignificant. The solution for this problem
formed via a separate equipotential bonding con- referred only to the design of the connecting cable
ductor. on the earth side of the surge protective devices.

L1'
L2'
l1 L3'
installation site 1
PEN
F4 F5 F6
L1 L1 L2 L2 L3 L3 F1 F3
l2 SEB
> 125 A gL/gG
F1-F3
installation site 2
DEHNventil
DEHNventil
DEHNventil
DV MOD 255
DV MOD 255
DV MOD 255
F4 F6
= 125 A gL/gG
PEN
A B C D
L1 L2 L3 PEN
l1: Total cable length at installation site 1 new connecting cable EBB
l2: Total cable length at installation site 2
Fig. 8.1.6.9 Arrangement of surge protective Fig. 8.1.6.10 Series connection V-shape
devices in a system and the resulting
effective cable length
Design of the phase-side connecting cable effectiveness of surge protective devices and must
The cable length on the phase side must also be therefore be taken into consideration at the
taken into consideration. The following case study design stage of the installation!
shall illustrate this:
In expanded control systems, surge protection The contents of IEC 60364-5-53/A2 (IEC 64/1168/
must be provided for the busbar system and the CDV: 2001) described above were important guide-
circuits attached thereto (A to D) with their con- lines for the development of the new DEHNventil
sumers (Figure 8.1.6.9). combined lightning current and surge arrester
For the use of the surge protective devices in this which was supposed to combine the requirements
case, installation sites 1 and 2 are taken as alterna- on lightning current and surge arresters in ac-
tives. Installation site 1 is located directly at the cordance with the IEC 62305 Part 1 4 (EN 62305
supply of the busbar system. This ensures the same Part 1 4) standard series in a single device.
level of protection against surges for all con- This allows to realise a series connection directly
sumers. The effective cable length of the surge via the device. Figure 8.1.6.10 shows such a series
protective device at installation site 1 is l1 for all connection in form of an operating circuit dia-
consumers. If there is not enough space, the instal- gram.
lation site of the surge protective
devices is sometimes chosen at a
position along the busbar system. In
extreme cases, installation site 2 can
be chosen for the arrangement
shown in Figure 8.1.6.9. For circuit A
results the effective cable length l2.
Busbar systems in fact have a lower
inductance compared to cables and
conductors (approx. 1/4) and hence
a lower inductive voltage drop.
However, the length of the busbars
must not be disregarded.
The design of the connecting cables Fig. 8.1.6.11 V-shape series connection of the DEHNventil M TNC combined lightning cur-
has considerable influence on the rent and surge protective device by means of a busbar

L1'
L2'
ok
L3'
PEN
F4 F5 F6
s s s
L1 L1 L2 L2 L3 L3 IN (OUT) IN (OUT)
SEB
F1 F3
F1-F3 > 315 A gL/gG
DEHNventil
DEHNventil
DEHNventil
DV MOD 255
DV MOD 255
DV MOD 255
F4 F6
PEN
= 315 A gL/gG
OUT (IN) OUT (IN)
L1 L2 L3 PEN
EBB
Connection cabel
Fig. 8.1.6.13 Cable routing

Fig. 8.1.6.12 Parallel wiring
From Figure 8.1.6.11 it can be taken how advanta- 8.1.7 Rating of the terminal cross-sections
geous it is to implement a series connection with and the backup protection of surge
the aid of a busbar. protective devices
Connecting leads of arresters can be subjected to
Because of the thermal loading capacity of the
loads from impulse currents, operating currents
double terminals employed, a v-shape series con-
and short circuit currents. The individual loads
nection (also called through-wiring) can be used
depend on various factors:
up to 125 A.
Type of protective circuit: one-port (Figure
For load currents > 125 A, the surge protective 8.1.7.1) / two-port (Figure 8.1.7.2)
devices are connected in the conductor branch (so- Type of arrester: lightning current arrester,
called parallel wiring). The maximum cable lengths combined lightning current and surge arrester,
according to IEC 60364-5-53/A2 (IEC 64/1168/CDV: surge protective devices
2001) must be observed. The parallel wiring can be
implemented as shown in Figure 8.1.6.12.
S2 1
In this context, it should be ensured that the con-
necting cable on the earth side still benefits from
the double terminal for the earth connection. As
shown in Figure 8.1.6.12, it is often possible, with- S3 2
out great effort, to achieve an effective cable
length of the order of magnitude l < 0.5 m with a
Fig. 8.1.7.1 One-port protective circuit
conductor leading from terminal component PE
of the earth-side double terminal to PEN.
At the installation of surge protective devices in 1 3

distributions it must generally be considered that
conductors loaded by impulse currents and those
not loaded by impulse currents are routed as sepa-
rately as possible. In any case, a parallel routing of 2 4
both conductors has to be avoided (Figure
8.1.6.13). Fig. 8.1.7.2 Two-port protective circuit

Conductor Insulating material Performance of the arrester on follow cur-
material PVC EPR / XLPE Rubber rents: follow current extinction / follow current
limitation
Cu 115 143 141
Al 76 94 93 If surge protective devices are installed as shown in
Table 8.1.7.1 Material coefficient k for copper and aluminium con- Figure 8.1.7.1, the S2 and S3 connecting cables
ductors with different insulating material must only be rated upon the criteria of short circuit
protection according to IEC 60364-4-43 and the
impulse current carrying capability. The data sheet
of the protective device provides the maximum
permissible overcurrent protection which can be
used in this application as backup protection for
the arrester.
When installing the devices, it must be ensured
that the short circuit current actually flowing is
able to trip the backup protection. The rating of
the cross-sectional area or of the conductor is then
Fig. 8.1.7.3 SPD with through-wiring given by the following equation:
F1
F1
L1 L1'
L1
L2 L2' L2
L3 L3' L3
PEN PEN N
PE
F2
F2
S2
L1 L1 L2 L2 L3 L3
current carrying S2
L1 L1' L2 L2' L3 L3' capability of the L1 L2 L3 N
H1
DEHNventil DV TNC 255

H2 H3
DINrail to be
considered
DEHNventil
DEHNventil
DEHNventil
DV MOD 255
DV MOD 255
DV MOD 255
DEHNguard
DEHNguard
DEHNguard
DEHNguard
DG MOD NPE
DG MOD 275
DG MOD 275
DG MOD 275
PEN
- only for DEHNsignal -
- nur fr DEHNsignal -
PEN
S3 PE
MEBB L1' A
L2' S3
L3' local EBB
Fuse F1 S2 / mm2 S3 / mm2 Fuse F2
DEHNventil DV M TNC 255 A gL / gG A gL / gG
DEHNguard M TNC 275 Fuse F1 S2 / mm2 S3 / mm2 Fuse F2
25 10 16 --- A gL / gG A gL / gG
F1 > 315 A gL / gG 35 10 16 --- DEHNguard M TNS 275 35 4 6 ---
40 10 16 --- DEHNguard M TT 275 40 4 6 ---
50 10 16 --- 50 6 6 ---
F1 > 125 A gL / gG
F1 63 10 16 --- 63 10 10 ---
80 10 16 --- F1 80 10 10 ---
F2 315 A gL / gG 100 16 16 --- 100 16 16 ---
125 16 16 --- F2 125 A gL / gG
F1 315 A gL / gG 125 16 16 125
160 25 25 --- 160 25 16 125
F2
200 35 35 --- F1 125 A gL / gG
200 35 16 125
250 35 35 --- F2 250 35 16 125
315 50 50 --- 315 50 16 125
F2 > 315 50 50 315 F2
400 70 16 125
Fig. 8.1.7.4 Example: DEHNventil, DV TNC 255 Fig. 8.1.7.5 Example: DEHNguard (M) TNC/TNS/TT

F1
k2 S2 = I 2 t
L
N t Permissible time for disconnection in the event
PE of a short circuit in s
Conductor cross section in mm2
1 2
S
I Current at complete short circuit in A
F1 25 A gL / gG electronic
DR MOD 255
device k Material coefficient in A s /mm2 according to

DEHNrail
Table 8.1.7.1
3 4
Furthermore, it must be ensured that the informa-
tion concerning the maximum permissible overcur-
rent protection circuits in the data sheet of the
F1 surge protective device is only valid up to the val-
L ue of the stated short-circuit withstand capability
N of the protective device. If the short circuit current
PE
at the installation site is greater than the stated
F2 short-circuit withstand capability of the protective
device, a backup fuse must be chosen which is
electronic
device
smaller than the maximum backup fuse stated in
F2 25 A 1 2
the data sheet of the arrester by a ratio of 1:1.6.
For surge protective devices installed as shown in
Figure 8.1.7.2, the maximum operating current
must not exceed the nominal load current stated
DR MOD 255
DEHNrail
for the protective device. To protective devices

which can be connected in series, applies the max-
3 4
imum current for through-wiring (Figure 8.1.7.3).
Fig. 8.1.7.6 Example: DEHNrail Figure 8.1.7.4 shows examples of cross-sectional

areas and backup protection for lightning current
arresters and combined lightning current and surge
arresters Type 1.
Figure 8.1.7.5 shows examples of
Nominal currents
and design cross-sectional areas and backup
protection for surge protective
devices Type 2. Figure 8.1.7.6 shows
250 A/1 25 kA 75 kA
the same for surge protective
200 A/1 22 kA 70 kA devices Type 3.
160 A/00 20 kA 50 kA The behaviour of the impulse cur-

rent must be taken into considera-
100 A/C00 9.5 kA 25 kA tion when rating the backup fuses
for surge protective devices. There is
63 A/C00 5.5 kA 20 kA
a noticeable difference in the way
35 A/C00 4 kA 15 kA fuses disconnect short circuit cur-
rents compared to the way they dis-
20 A/C00 1.7 kA 8 kA connect loads with impulse currents,
particularly with lightning impulse
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 currents, waveform 10/350 s.
explosion I (kA) The performance of fuses was
melting explosion determined as a function of the rat-
ed current of the lightning impulse
Fig. 8.1.7.7 Performance of NH fuses bearing impulse current loads current (Figure 8.1.7.7).

kA kV F1 L1
8 4.0 F2 L2
F3 L3
7 3.5 N
I impulse current U
6 3.0
F1... F3 > max. F4 F5 F6
5 2.5
permissible US
4 fuse voltage 2.0 backup fuse of
3 1.5 the SPD
2 1.0 F4... F6 = max.

permissible UP
1 0.5
backup fuse of
0 0 the SPD
-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
PE
t s
Fig. 8.1.7.8 Current and voltage of a blowing 25 A NH fuse being charged with lightning Fig. 8.1.7.9 Use of a separate backup fuse for
impulse currents (10/350 s) surge protective devices
Field 1: No melting Field 3: Explosion

The energy brought into the fuse by the lightning
If the energy of the lightning impulse current is so
impulse current is too low to cause a melting of
high to be much higher than the pre-arcing of the
the fuse.
fuse, then the fuse strip can vaporise explosively.
This often results in a bursting fuse box. Apart
Field 2: Melting
from the mechanical consequences, it must be not-
The energy of the lightning impulse current is suf-
ed that the lightning impulse current continues to
ficient to melt the fuse and hence interrupt the
flow through the bursting fuse in the form of an
current path through the fuse (Figure 8.1.7.8).
electric arc; the lightning impulse current can thus
It is characteristical for the performance of the
not be interrupted nor, linked to this, can the
fuse that the lightning impulse current, since it is
required impulse current carrying capability of the
injected, continues to flow, unaffected by the per-
employed arrester be reduced.
formance of the fuse. The fuse disconnects only
after the lightning impulse current has decayed.
The fuses are therefore not selective with respect
Selectivity to the protection of the installation
to the disconnection of lightning impulse currents.
Therefore it must be ensured that, because of the When using spark-gap based surge protective
behaviour of the impulse current, the maximum devices, care must be taken that any starting mains
permissible backup fuse as per the data sheet follow current is limited to the extent that overcur-
and / or installation instructions of the protective rent protective devices such as fuses and / or
device is always used. arrester backup fuses cannot trip. This characteris-
tic of the protective devices is called follow current
From Figure 8.1.7.8 it can also be seen that, during limitation or follow current suppression. Only by
the melting process, a voltage drop builds up using technologies such as the RADAX Flow tech-
across the fuse which in part can be significantly nology allows to develop arresters and combina-
above 1 kV. For applications as illustrated in Figure tions of arresters which, even for installations with
8.1.7.9, a melting of the fuse can also result in the high short circuit currents, are able to reduce and
voltage protection level of the installation being extinguish the current to such a degree that
significantly higher than the voltage protection upstream fuses for lower rated currents do not trip
level of the surge protective device employed. (Figure 8.1.7.10).

arc voltage U
U (V)
400 mains
voltage
200
-200 U0
-400 flowing
I (kA) I (kA) follow current If
70 prospective
short circuit 0.5
current Ikpros
35 0
0 10 15 t (ms)
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 t (ms)
Fig. 8.1.7.10 Reduction of the follow current with the patented RADAX Flow principle
prearcing I2 t
of the fuse in A2 s
250A I2 t of a sinusoidial
half-wave (10 ms)
100 000
100A = minimum prearcing I2t

NH-gG values of the fuse link
fuse link 10 000 63A
nominal current
32A
1 000 25A
let-through I2 t of the
20A RADAX Flow spark gap,
no follow current 16A e.g. in DEHNventil modular
100 prospective
0.1 1 10 50 100 short-circuit current [kArms]
Fig. 8.1.7.11 Disconnection selectivity of DEHNventil to NH fuse holders with different rated currents
The system availability required by EN 60439-1, only take on the function of the lightning equipo-
even in the event of responding surge protective tential bonding but also that of surge protection
devices, can be fulfilled by the aforementioned in the installation, the performance of the follow
follow current suppression characteristic of the current limitation is more important than ever for
device. For surge protective devices with low the availability of the electrical installation (Figure
sparkover voltage, in particular, designed to not 8.1.7.11).

8.2 Information technology systems or hollow conductor systems, depending on the
physical design of the antenna cable.
The primary function of arresters is to protect
In the case of coaxial and hollow conductor sys-
downstream terminal devices. They also reduce
tems, the outer conductor can generally be con-
the risk of cables from being damaged.
nected directly to the equipotential bonding.
The choice of arresters depends, among other
Earthing couplings specially adapted to the respec-
things, on the following considerations:
tive cables are suitable for this purpose.
Lightning protection zones of the installation
site, if existing
Procedure for selection and installation of arres-
Energies to be discharged
ters: Example BLITZDUCTOR CT
Arrangement of the protective devices
Opposite to choosing surge protective devices for
Immunity of the terminal devices power supply systems (see Chapter 8.1), where uni-
Protection against differential-mode and / or form conditions can be expected with respect to
common-mode interferences voltage and frequency in 230/400 V systems, the
System requirements, e.g. transmission param- types of signals to be transmitted in automation
eters systems differ with respect to their
Compliance with product or user-specific stan- voltage (e.g. 0 10 V)
dards, where required
current (e.g. 0 20 mA, 4 20 mA)
Adaption to the environmental conditions /
installation conditions signal reference (balanced, unbalanced)
frequency (DC, NF, HF)
Protective devices for antenna cables are classified
according to their suitability for coaxial, balanced type of signal (analogue, digital).
BCT MLC _ _ _ _ _ Discharge capacity Voltage protection level

BCT MOD _ _ _ _ _ l in kA U in V
10 500
SPD classification
8 400
6 300
B = Lightning current arrester 4 200
Iimp = 2.5 kA (10/350 s) 2 100
per line
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
t in s t in s
l in kA U in V
10 500
B_ = Combined lightning current 8 400
and surge arrester 6 300
Iimp = 2.5 kA (10/350 s) 4 200
per line. 2 100
However: voltage protection
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
level like surge arrester

t in s t in s
l in kA U in V
10 500
8 400
M_ = Surge arrester 6 300
Isn = 10 kA (8/20 s) 4 200
per line 2 100
MLC = Arrester module with integrated LifeCheck (LC)

100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
MOD = Standard arrester module t in s t in s
Fig. 8.2.1 SPD classification

BCT MLC _ _ _ _ _ BCT MLC _ _ _ _ _
BCT MOD _ _ _ _ _ BCT MOD _ _ _ _ _
SPD classification SPD classification
C = Additional limiting of differenti-

al-mode interferences and addi-
tional decoupling resistors in the
E = Fine limiting of BLITZDUCTOR CT output for de-
Up
surges coupling the BLITZDUCTOR pro-
line earth tective diodes from eventually
(limiting of Up existing diodes in the input of
common-mode the device to be protected
interferences) (e.g. clamping diodes, optocoup-
ler diodes)
HF = Design for protection of high-
D = Fine limiting frequency transmission lengths
of surges (use of a diode matrix for fine
line line Up limiting of surges), limiting of
(limiting of common-mode and differential-
differential-mode mode interferences
interferences)
EX = Protective device for use in
intrinsically safe circuits
MLC = Arrester module with integrated LifeCheck (LC) (a.c. voltage resistance to
MOD = Standard arrester module earth 500 V a.c.)
Fig. 8.2.2 Limiting performance Fig. 8.2.3 Note on special applications
Each of these electrical characteristics for the sig-

nal to be transmitted can contain the actual infor- BCT MLC _ _ _ _ _
mation to be transferred. BCT MOD _ _ _ _ _
Therefore, the signal must not be influenced intol- SPD classification
erably by the use of lightning current and surge The indication of the nominal voltage characterises the range of a
arresters in measuring and control installations. typical signal voltage which has no limiting effect on the protective
Several points must be taken into account when device under nominal conditions. The value of nominal voltage is
choosing protective devices for measuring and indicated as d.c. value. Transmitting a.c. voltages, the peak value of
control systems. They are described below for our the a.c. voltage must not exceed the nominal voltage value.
universal BLITZDUCTOR CT protective devices and The nominal voltages for the individual types are indicated as follows:
illustrated by means of application examples (Fig- Type Nominal voltage UN
ures 8.2.1 8.2.4 and Table 8.2.1). _E = Voltage between line-earth
_D = Voltage between line-line

Type designation of the protective modules
_E C = Voltage between line-line
C Supplementary limiting of differential-mode
as well as line-earth
interferences and supplementary decoupling
resistors in the BLITZDUCTOR CT output for _D HF = Voltage between line-line
decoupling the BLITZDUCTOR protective
diodes from any diodes possibly present at the _D HFD = Voltage between line-line
input of the device to be protected (e.g. _D EX = Voltage between line-line
clamping diodes, optocoupler diodes)
Uline-earth Uline-line
HF Design for protection of high frequency trans- 1 3 1 3
mission paths (use of a diode matrix for fine BLITZDUCTOR CT BLITZDUCTOR CT
2 4 2 4
limiting of surges), limiting of common-mode
and differential-mode interferences Fig. 8.2.4 Nominal voltage

MLC B 110 MOD B 110
MLC BE 5 MOD ME 5 1 3
MLC BE 12 MOD ME 12
MLC BE 15 MOD ME 15
MLC BE 24 MOD ME 24
MLC BE 30 MOD ME 30
MLC BE 48 MOD ME 48 2 4
MLC BE 60 MOD ME 60
MLC BE 110 MOD ME 110
MLC BD 5 MOD MD 5
MLC BD 12 MOD MD 12
MLC BD 15 MOD MD 15
MLC BD 24 MOD MD 24 Voltage
MLC BD 30 MOD MD 30 du/dt = 1 kV/s
MLC BD 48 MOD MD 48
MLC BD 60 MOD MD 60 Fig. 8.2.5 Test arrangement for determining the limiting voltage at a
MLC BD 110 MOD MD 110 rate of voltage rise of du/dt = 1kV/s
MLC BD 250 MOD MD 250
MLC BE C 5 MOD ME C 5
U in V
MLC BE C 12 MOD ME C 12
MLC BE C 24 MOD ME C 24 1000 rate of voltage rise
MLC BE C 30 MOD ME C 30 900 du/dt = 1 kV/s
MLC BD HF 5 MOD MD HF 5 800
MLC BD HFD 5 MOD MD HFD 5 700
600
MLC BD HFD 24 MOD MD HFD 24
500
MOD MD EX 24 limiting voltage
400
MOD MD EX 30 300
MOD MD EX HFD 6 200
100
Table 8.2.1 Type designation of the protection modules 0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
EX Protective device for use in intrinsically safe t in s
circuits approved by, ATEX and FISCO (a.c. volt-
age resistance to earth 500 V a.c.) Fig. 8.2.6 Sparkover performance of an SPD at du/dt = 1kV/s
Technical Data: B 1A
Voltage protection level Up BE 1A ME 1A
The voltage protection level is a parameter that BD 1A MD 1A
characterises the performance of a surge protec- BE C 0.1 A ME C 0.1 A
tive device in limiting the voltage at its terminals. BD HF 0.1 A MD HF 0.1 A
BD HFD 0.1 A MD HFD 0.1 A
The voltage protection level must be higher than
MD EX 0.5 A
the maximum limiting voltage measured. MD EX HFD 4.8 A
The measured limiting voltage is the maximum
voltage measured at the terminals of the surge Table 8.2.2 Nominal currents of the protection modules BCT
protective device when exposed to a surge current
and/or surge voltage of a certain waveform and switch from > 10 G (in non-ignited state) to val-
amplitude. ues < 0.1 (in ignited state) when a certain volt-
age value is exceeded and the surge applied is
Measured limiting voltage with a steepness of the nearly short circuited. The response voltage of the
applied test voltage waveform of 1 kV/s GDT depends on the steepness of the incoming
This test is to determine the response characteris- voltage (du/dt).
tics of gas discharge tubes (GDT). These protective
elements have a switching characteristic. The Generally applies:
mode of functioning of a GTD can be compared to The higher the steepness du/dt, the higher is the
a switch whose resistance can automatically response voltage of the gas discharge tube. The

U in V To the different types of protec-
current isn
tion modules of BLITZDUCTOR
60 limiting voltage CT apply the nominal currents
1 3 40 according to Table 8.2.2:
20
0
20
Cut-off frequency fG
2 4
40 The cut-off frequency describes
60 the performance of an SPD
depending on the frequency. It
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
is that frequency which gives an
t in s
insertion loss (aE) of 3 dB under
Fig. 8.2.7 Test arrangement for determining Fig. 8.2.8 Limiting voltage at nominal dis- certain test conditions (see EN
the limiting voltage at nominal charge current 61643-21)
discharge current
If there is no other indication in
the catalogue, this frequency
fG f in Hz stated applies to a 50 Ohm sys-
3 dB tem (Figure 8.2.10).
1 3
Selection features (SF)
IL BLITZDUCTOR CT
2 4
1. Which discharge capacity is
required?
The rating of the discharge
capacity of BLITZDUCTOR CT is
aE in dB determined by the protective
task to be fulfilled. For easy
Fig. 8.2.9 Nominal current of BLITZDUCTOR Fig. 8.2.10 Typical frequency response of a
CT BLITZDUCTOR CT selection, the following cases a
to d are explained.
comparability of different gas discharge tubes is Case a: In this case the terminal equipment to be
made possible by applying a voltage rise of 1 kV/s protected is located in a building structure with an
at the gas discharge tube for determination of the external lightning protection system or the roof of
dynamic response voltage (Figures 8.2.5 and 8.2.6). the building is equipped with metal roof structures
exposed to lightning (e.g. antenna masts, air-con-
Measured limiting voltage at nominal discharge ditioning systems). The measuring and control or
current telecommunications cable connecting the terminal
This test is carried out to determine the limiting equipment (Figure 8.2.11) to the transformer is
behaviour of protective elements with constant mounted outside the building structure. Due to
limiting characteristics (Figures 8.2.7 and 8.2.8). the fact that the building structure is fitted with an
external lightning protection, the installation of a
lightning current arrester TYPE 1 is necessary. The
Nominal current IL
modules BCT MLC B... or B... of the BLITZDUCTOR
The nominal current of BLITZDUCTOR CT charac-
CT family can be used for this purpose.
terises the permissible continuous operating cur-
rent. The nominal current of BLITZDUCTOR CT is
determined by the current carrying capability and Case b: Case b is similar to case a, only the building
the insertion loss of the impedances used for structure, where the terminal equipment to be
decoupling of gas discharge tubes and fine protec- protected is located, has no external lightning pro-
tion elements as well as by the follow current tection system: The arising of lightning currents or
extinguishing capability. The value is stated as d.c. partial lightning currents is not assumed here. The
value (Figure 8.2.9). installation of a lightning current carrying capable

Case a: external lightning protection system Case b:
SPD SPD
measuring/control cable terminal device measuring /control cable terminal device

telecommunications cable telecommunications cable
Fig. 8.2.11 Building with external lightning protection system and Fig. 8.2.12 Building without external lightning protection system
cables installed between buildings and cables installed between buildings
Case c: external lightning protection system Case d:
transducer
transducer
SPD terminal device SPD terminal device
Fig. 8.2.13 Building with external lightning protection system and Fig. 8.2.14 Building without external lightning protection system
cables installed inside of the building and cables installed inside of the building
Type 1 arresters is only necessary if the measuring surge protective devices BCT MOD M... of the
and control cable can be influenced by lightning BLITZDUCTOR CT family are installed here (Figure
striking adjacent building structures. If this can be 8.2.13).
excluded, BLITZDUCTOR CT module BCT MOD M...
as surge protective device TYPE 2 is used (Figure Case d: The difference between case d and case c is
8.2.12). that the building structure concerned has neither
an external lightning protection system nor are
Case c: In case c, no cable of the data and telecom- cables of the data and telecommunications system
munications system is mounted outside the build- mounted outside the building structure. Therefore
ing. Although the building structure is fitted with only the installation of surge arresters is necessary
an external lightning protection system, direct for protection of the equipment. As in cases b and
lightning currents cannot be injected into this part c, protection modules BCT MOD M... of the BLITZ-
of the telecommunications system. Therefore, DUCTOR CT family are installed (Figure 8.2.14).

2. Which kinds of interferences have to be con- ed for sinusoids. However, sinusoid signals are not
trolled? very common in data transmissions. With respect
Basically, interferences are classified into common- to this fact, a BLITZDUCTOR is to be chosen with a
mode and differential-mode interferences. Com- higher cut-off frequency than the nominal fre-
mon-mode interferences always arise between the quency of the signalling circuit. When transmitting
signal line and earth whereas differential-mode waveshape signals evaluating the rising or sinking
interferences only arise between two signal lines. pulse edge, it must be considered that this edge
The majority of interferences arising in communi- changes from L to H or from H to L within the
cation / signalling systems are common-mode inter- appropriate interval. This time interval is impor-
ferences. Therefore protective surges devices limit- tant for the identification of an edge and for
ing between signal line and earth (Type ...E) should passing restricted areas. This signal therefore
normally be chosen. Some input modules of requires a frequency bandwidth which is consider-
devices, as e.g. isolating transformers, do not need ably higher than the fundamental of this wave.
fine protection of the line-to-earth connection That is why the frequency of the protective device
against surges. Only gas discharge tubes protect must be rated that high. As a general rule applies
them against common-mode interferences. Due that the cut-off frequency must not be lower than
to their different response characteristics, the five times the fundamental wave.
response of gas discharge tubes might cause a
common-mode interference to change to a differ- 5. How high is the operating current of the
ential-mode interference. Therefore, fine protec- installation to be protected?
tion elements are integrated between the signal Due to the electrical features of the components
lines (Type ...D). used in the protection circuit of BLITZDUCTOR CT,
the signal current which can be transmitted by the
3. Are there special requirements to adopt the protective device is limited. For practical applica-
protection circuit to the input circuit of the tions this means that the operating current of a
equipment to be protected? signalling system has to be lower than or equal to
In some cases it is necessary to protect the equip- the nominal current of the protective device.
ment against common-mode and differential-
mode interferences. The input modules of such
electronic equipment are normally fitted with 6. Which maximum continuous operating volt-
their own protection circuit or contain optocou- age can arise in the installation to be protect-
pler inputs for control-to-load isolation of sig- ed?
nalling circuit and internal circuit of the automa- The maximum continuous operating voltage in sig-
tion equipment. Therefore additional measures nalling systems must be lower than or equal to the
are required for decoupling BLITZDUCTOR CT and nominal voltage of BLITZDUCTOR CT, so that the
input circuit of the equipment to be protected. protective device has no limiting effects with nor-
This decoupling is realised with additional decou- mal operating conditions.
pling elements between the fine protection ele- The maximum continuous operating voltage in sig-
ments and output terminals of BLITZDUCTOR CT. nalling systems is normally the nominal voltage of
a transmission system regarding also tolerances.
4. How high is the signal frequency / data trans- When current loops (e.g. 0 20 mA) are used, the
mission rate to be transmitted? open circuit voltage of the installation is to be
As every transmission system, the protection circuit applied to the maximum continuous operating
of BLITZDUCTOR CT has certain low-pass character- voltage.
istics. The cut-off frequency indicates the frequen-
cy value from which the frequency to be transmit- 7. Which reference has the maximum continuous
ted is attenuated in its amplitude (above 3 dB). In operating voltage?
order to keep the feedback effects of BLITZDUC- Different signal current circuits have different sig-
TOR CT on the communication / signalling system in nal references (balanced / unbalanced). On one
the limits, the signal frequency of the signalling hand, the continuous operating voltage of the
circuit must be below the cut-off frequency of installation can be stated as line / line voltage, on
BLITZDUCTOR CT. The cut-off frequency is indicat- the other hand, as line / earth voltage. This is to be

considered when choosing the protective devices: determining Yellow/Line SPD class symbols (Table
Different nominal voltages are stated on the basis 7.8.2.1). If, for example, automation engineering
of the different circuit of the fine protection ele- equipment is tested according to test level 1, the
ments in the protection module of BLITZDUCTOR equipment may only have a let-through energy
CT. corresponding to this test level. In practice this
These are shown in Figure 8.2.4 and Table 8.2.1. means that an equipment tested with level 4 can
only discharge overvoltages without damaging
the equipment if the output of the surge protec-
8. Do the integrated decoupling elements of
tive device corresponds to a let-through energy of
BLITZDUCTOR CT affect the signal transmis-
1, 2, 3, or 4. This makes it very easy for the user to
sion?
choose suitable protective devices.
Decoupling elements are used inside of BLITZDUC-
TOR CT in order to coordinate the energy load
of the integrated protection elements. They are 10. Shall there be one or two stages of
mounted directly in the signalling circuit and protection?
may influence it. Especially with current loops Depending on the building structure and the pro-
(0 ... 20 mA, 4 ... 20 mA), the operation of a BLITZ- tection requirements stipulated by the Lightning
DUCTOR CT can cause the overrange of the permis- Protection Zones Concept it may be necessary to
sible load of the signalling circuit when it is already install lightning current and surge arresters locally
operated with its maximum load. This has to be separated from each other or at one point of the
considered before use! installation. In the first case, the protection mod-
ule Type BCT MLC B of BLITZDUCTOR CT is installed
as lightning current arrester and the protection
9. Which protection level is required? module Type BCT MOD M... as surge arrester. If
Basically it is possible to dimension the protective lightning and surge protective measures are
level of a surge protective device to be lower than required at one point of the installation, the use of
the immunity level of an automation / telecommu- a combined lightning current and surge arrester
nications equipment. However, the problem is that BLITZDUCTOR CT, Type B... is required.
this level is often unknown. Therefore it is neces-
sary to use other means of comparison. In the tests Remark:
for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), electrical The following examples show the choice of surge
and electronic equipment must have a certain protective devices of the BLITZDUCTOR CT family
immunity level against line-conducted interfer- in accordance with the 10 selection features
ences. The requirements for testing and test set-up described in Table 8.2.3. The result of each single
are stipulated in IEC 61000-4-5: 2005. Different test stage is indicated in the column intermediate
levels are determined with respect to the immuni- result.
ty to pulse-shaped interferences for the various The column final result shows the influence of
devices used under varying electromagnetic envi- the intermediate result on the total result.
ronmental conditions. These test levels bear the
designation 1 to 4, whereby test level 1 contains Surge protection for electrical temperature control
the lowest immunity requirements (on the devices systems
to be protected) and test level 4 ensures the high- The electrical temperature control of media in
est immunity requirements of a device. technological processes is applied in all branches
of industry. The branches differ a lot from each
With regard to the protection provided by the other: They stretch from food industry via chemical
surge protective devices this means that the let- processes up to ventilation systems of building
through energy must be below the immunity lev- structures and building services control systems.
el of the equipment to be protected. Therefore the However, they have something in common: the
Yellow/Line devices were classified according to distance between measuring sensor and indicator
certain characteristics allowing a coordinated or measured-value processing is long. Due to the
installation of the SPDs for protection of automa- long connection cables, overvoltages can be cou-
tion engineering equipment. The surge immunity pled which are not only caused by atmospheric dis-
test of this equipment was taken as a basis of charges. Therefore a possible protection concept

SF Application Intermediate result Final result
1 The measuring sensor is situated at a process framework in a production hall and
the measuring transducer is installed in a control room inside of the production
building. The building has no external lightning protection system. The measuring BLITZDUCTOR CT BLITZDUCTOR CT
lines are inside the building. This example corresponds to case d (Figure 8.2.14). BCT MOD M... BCT MOD M...
2 The threat to the measuring sensor Pt 100 as well as the measuring transducer
Pt 100 by surges arises between signal line and earth. This requires a fine BLITZDUCTOR CT BLITZDUCTOR CT
limiting of common-mode interferences. BCT MOD ME BCT MOD ME
3 There are no special requirements on the adjustment of the protective circuit to the BLITZDUCTOR CT
input circuit of the devices to be protected (Pt 100, Pt 100 measuring transducer). no influence BCT MOD ME
4 The temperature measuring equipment is a system supplied by d.c. current. The
temperature-related measuring voltage is also a d.c. voltage variable.
Thus no signal frequencies have to be considered. BLITZDUCTOR CT
no influence BCT MOD ME
5 The operating current of the supply circuit is limited to 1 mA due to the physical IL type ME = 1 A
measuring principle of Pt 100. The operating current of the measuring signal amounts 1 mA < 1 A ok BLITZDUCTOR CT
to some A due to the very high impedance measurement tapping. A < 1 A ok BCT MOD ME
6 The maximum arising operating voltage in this system results from the following
consideration:
According to IEC 60751, Pt 100 measuring resistors are designed for a maximum
temperature of up to 850 C. The respective resistance is 340 . Considering the
load-independent measuring current of 1 mA, results a measuring voltage of approx. BLITZDUCTOR CT BLITZDUCTOR CT
340 mV. BCT MOD ... 5 V BCT MOD ME 5
7 The operating voltage of the system arises from line to line. BCT MOD ME 5 V
has nominal voltage 5 V d.c.
line earth, this allows line
line 10 V d.c. no influence on BLITZDUCTOR CT
the measuring signal BCT MOD ME 5
8 Using the four-wire circuit for measuring the temperature with Pt 100, the influence
of the cable resistance and its temperature-related fluctuations on the measuring
result are completely eliminated. This also applies to the increasing of the cable
resistance by the decoupling impedances of BLITZDUCTOR CT. BLITZDUCTOR CT
no influence BCT MOD ME 5
9 The Pt 100 measuring transducer has an immunity against conducted interferences BLITZDUCTOR CT
according to test level 2 according to IEC 61000-4-5: 2005. The transmitted energy BCT MOD ME 5
being related to the voltage protection level of the surge protective device may Q
correpond to max. test level 2 of IEC 61000-4-5: 2005. transmitted energy corresponds
to level 1
transmitted energy of the pro-
tective device is less than immunity
of the terminal device
BLITZDUCTOR CT
Q is ok BCT MOD ME 5
10 The surge protection shall be performed in one stage. BLITZDUCTOR CT
BCT MOD ME 5 BLITZDUCTOR CT
surge arrester BCT MOD ME 5
Result of selection: BLITZDUCTOR CT
BCT MOD ME 5
Table 8.2.3 Selection features for an electrical temperature measuring equipment

feed-in (l = const.) 4 ... 20 mA
Pt 100

measuring signal (Um / ) 230 V supply

4 ... 20 mA
measuring sensor connecting line Pt 100 measuring transducer

Pt 100
Fig. 8.2.15 Block diagram of temperature measuring
of temperature measurements against surges by a Remark:

standard type Pt 100 shall be worked out in the For ease of assembly, power supply and measuring
following. The building structure where the meas- lines of the temperature control system are fitted
uring instrument is located has no external light- with the same type of surge protective device. In
ning protection system. practice it has proved that the balanced lines for
supply, compensation and measurement are allo-
The temperature is controlled indirectly by meas- cated to one protected device each (Table 8.2.3).
uring the electrical resistance. The resistance ther- Surge protection of the 230 V power supply of the
mometer Pt 100 has a resistance of 100 at 0 C. Pt 100 receiver as well as the 4 ... 20 mA current
This value varies by around 0.4 /K depending on loop coming from the receiver is also necessary but
the temperature. The temperature is controlled by not shown here in order to retain clearness.
injecting a constant current causing a voltage drop
proportional to the temperature rise at the resist-
ance thermometer. In order to prevent the the self-
8.2.1 Measuring and control systems
heating of the resistance thermometer, the current
is limited to 1 mA. In this case, a voltage drop of The large separations between the measuring sen-
100 mV appears at the Pt 100 at 0 C. This meas- sor and the evaluation unit in measuring and con-
ured voltage must now be transmitted to the indi- trol systems allow a coupling of surges. The conse-
cator or receiver (Figure 8.2.15). Out of many vari- quential destruction of components and the
ous connections of Pt 100 measuring sensors to the breakdown of complete control units can severely
measuring transformer, the four-wire configura- interfere with a process technology procedure.
tion is chosen. It represents the best connection for The extent of a surge damage caused by a light-
resistance thermometers. By this configuration, ning strike often becomes apparent only some
the interfering effects of the conductor resistance weeks later because more and more electronic
and its temperature sensitivity on the measured components have to be replaced because they no
result are excluded. The Pt 100 sensor is supplied longer operate safely. Such kind of damage can
with an injected current. Alternations of the con- have serious consequences for the operator who
ductor resistance are compensated by automatic uses a so-called field bus system because all intelli-
adjustment of the supply voltage. If the conductor gent field bus components together in one seg-
resistance does not alter, the measured voltage Um ment can break down simultaneously.
remains unchanged. This measured voltage is only The situation can be improved by installing light-
influenced by the alternation of the measuring ning and surge protective devices (SPDs) which
resistance depending on the temperature. It is have to be chosen to suit the specific interface.
measured at the transformer using a high-resist- Typical interfaces and the protective devices
ance voltage detector. Line compensation is there- appropriate to the system can be found in our
fore not necessary with this configuration. (Table Surge Protection product catalogue or at
8.2.3) www.dehn.de.

Hence, in this case, common-mode and differen-
input current IF output current IC
tial-mode interference limiting SPDs, e.g. BLITZ-
1 3 DUCTOR XT Type BXT ML BE C 24, must be in-
stalled.
2 4
Detailed designs for the application-specific choice
radiation
of protective devices for measuring and control
systems can be found in Chapter 9.
transmitter
optical fibre
sheathing 8.2.2 Technical property management
substrate
The pressure of rising costs is forcing the owners
and operators of buildings in both the public and
the private sector to look more and more for cost
saving opportunities for building services manage-
receiver ment. Technical property management can help to
reduce costs on a permanent basis. Technical prop-
connections connections erty management is a comprehensive instrument
3, 4 1, 2 to make technical equipment in buildings continu-
ously available, to keep it operative and to adapt it
Fig. 8.2.1.1 Optocoupler Schematic diagram to changing organisational requirements. This
facilitates optimum management which increases
Electrical isolation using optocouplers: the profitability of a property.
Optoelectronic components (Figure 8.2.1.1), which Building automation (BA) has grown out of meas-
typically produce a dielectric strength between the uring and control systems on the one hand, and
input and output of a few 100 V to 10 kV, are fre- central control systems on the other. The function
quently installed to transmit signals in process of building automation is to automate the techni-
technology systems in order to isolate the field cal processes within the building in their entirety.
side electrically from the process side. Thus their This involves networking the complete installation
function is similar to that of transmitters and they comprising room automation, the M-bus measur-
can primarily be installed to block low common- ing system and the heating-ventilation-air-condi-
mode interferences. However, they cannot provide tioning and alarm systems via powerful computers
sufficient protection against arising common- on the management level (Figure 8.2.2.1), where
mode and differential-mode interferences. When also data archiving takes place. Long term data
being affected by a lightning strike (> 10 kV) storage allows evaluations concerning the energy
above their transmitter / receiver surge withstand consumption and the adjustment of the installa-
capability. tions in the building to be obtained.
Many designers and operators of such installations The actual control devices are at the automation
misleadingly assume that this also realises light- level. DDC stations (Direct Digital Control) are
ning and surge protection. At this point it is increasingly being installed. They implement the
expressly emphasised that this voltage only pro- complete control and switching functions from a
vides the insulating resistance between input and software point of view. All operating modes, con-
output (common-mode interference). This means trol parameters, nominal values, switching times
that, when installed in transmission systems atten- and alarm trigger levels and the corresponding
tion must be paid not only to the limitation of software is filed at the automation level.
common-mode interferences but also to sufficient Process field devices such as actuators and sensors
limitation of differential-mode interferences. Fur- are located at the lowest level, the field level. They
thermore, the integration of supplementary represent the interface between the electrical con-
decoupling resistors at the output of the SPD trol and the process. Actuators transform an elec-
achieves an energy coordination with the opto- trical signal into another physical value (engines,
coupler diode. valves, etc.). Sensors transform a physical value

management level
automation level
field level
Fig. 8.2.2.1 Levels of building automation
into an electrical signal (temperature sensor, limit 8.2.3 Generic cabling systems (EDP net-
switch, etc.). works, TC installations)
The European standard EN 50173 Information
It is precisely the diffuse branched network of DDC technology Generic cabling systems defines a
stations and the consequential integration into universal cabling system which can be used in sites
building control systems which offer a large con- of one or more buildings. It deals with cable sys-
tact area for interferences caused by lightning cur- tems with balanced copper cables and optical fibre
rents and surges. If this causes a breakdown of the cables (OF cables). This universal cabling supports a
complete lighting, air-conditioning or heating wide range of services including voice, data, text
control, this not only incurs primary costs for the and images.
equipment, it is also precisely the consequences of
this system breakdown which make a difference. It provides:
They can significantly increase the energy costs users with an application independent generic
because peak loads can no longer be analysed and cabling system and an open market for (active
optimised due to the fault in the control electron- as well as passive) cabling components;
ics. If production processes are integrated into the
BA, damage to the BA can lead to breakdowns in users with a flexible cabling scheme that
production and hence quite possibly to large eco- allows to carry out modifications in a both
nomic losses. To ensure permanent availability, easy and economical way;
protective measures are required, whose exact building professionals (for example, architects)
nature depends on the risk to be controlled. with guidance allowing the accommodation

CD BD FD TP TO
(optionally)
campus backbone building backbone horizontal

terminal
cabling subsystem cabling subsystem cabling subsystem terminal cabling subsystem
device
universal cabling system
Fig. 8.2.3.1 Universal cabling structure
of cabling before specific requirements are distributors) and the cross-connections at the cam-
known; i.e. in the initial design stage either for pus distributor.
construction or refurbishment,
industry and standardisation bodies for appli- A building backbone cabling subsystem extends
cations with a cabling system which supports from building distributor(s) to the floor distribu-
current products and provides a basis for tor(s). The subsystem includes the building back-
future product development. bone cables, the mechanical termination of the
building backbone cables (at both the building
The universal cabling system comprises the follow- and floor distributors) and the cross connections at
ing functional elements: the building distributor.
Campus distributors (CD),
The horizontal cabling subsystem extends from the
Campus backbone cables,
floor distributor to the telecommunications out-
Building distributors (BD), let(s) connected to it. The subsystem includes the
Building backbone cables, horizontal cables, the mechanical termination of
the horizontal cables at the floor distributor, the
Floor distributors (FD),
cross connections at the floor distributor and the
Horizontal cables, telecommunications outlets.
Transition points (optional),
Telecommunication outlet (TO). Optical fibre cables are usually used as data con-
nection between the CD and the BD. This means
Groups of these functional elements are connect- that no surge arrester (SPD) is required for the
ed together to form cabling subsystems. field side. If, however, the OF cables have a metal
Generic cabling schemes contain three cabling sub- rodent protection, this must be integrated into the
systems: campus backbone, building backbone and lightning protection system. The active OF compo-
horizontal cabling. The cabling subsystems are nents for the distribution of the optical fibre
connected together to create a generic cabling cables, however, are supplied with 230 V on the
structure as shown in Figure 8.2.3.1. The distribu- power side. In this case, SPDs can be used for the
tors provide the means to configure the cabling to power supply system.
support different topologies like bus, star and
ring. Nowadays, building backbone cables (BD to FD)
The campus backbone cabling subsystem extends are equipped almost exclusively with OF cables for
from the campus distributor to the building dis- the transmission of data. Balanced copper cables
tributor(s) usually located in separate buildings. (so-called master cables), however, are still used to
When present, it includes the campus backbone transmit voice (telephone).
cables, the mechanical termination of the campus With a few exceptions, balanced copper cables are
backbone cables (at both the campus and building used today for the horizontal cables (FD to TO).

IT cabling 100 (Cat. 3, 5, 6, ...)
Horizontal cabling system

Connecting lead between FD and TO
Transmission characteristics up to
250 MHz, (Category 6)
TO Telecommunication outlet TO TO
FD Floor distributor TO FD
BD Building distributor
external
Building backbone cabling subsystem lightning
Connecting lead between BD and FD protection
OF cabling FD
FD FD
FD BD SD
optical fibre cabling (data)
copper cabling (telecommunications)
Fig. 8.2.3.2 Influence of lightning on IT cabling subsystems
For cable lengths of around 500 m (building back- 8.2.4 Intrinsically safe circuits
bone cables) or 100 m (horizontal cables) direct
In all fields of industry where combustible materi-
lightning strikes to the structure (Figure 8.2.3.2)
als are processed or transported gases, vapors, mist
can induce common-mode interferences which
or dust will be produced. These, when mixed with
would overload the insulation capacity of a router
air, can form a potentially explosive atmosphere of
or an ISDN card in the PC. Both the building / floor
hazardous proportions. Therefore special meas-
distributors (hub, switch, router) and the terminal
ures must be taken to protect against explosions.
equipment must be equipped with protective
measures in this case.
Depending on the possibility and the duration of
the occurrence of a potentially explosive atmos-
The protective devices required here must be cho-
phere, sections of the installation are divided into
sen according to the network application. Com-
hazardous areas so-called Ex-zones.
mon network applications are:
Token Ring, Hazardous areas:
Ethernet 10 Base T, Areas where hazardous potentially explosive
Fast Ethernet 100 Base TX, atmospheres arise due to gases, vapors and mist,
for example, are divided into zones 0 to 2. Those
Gigabit Ethernet 1000 Base TX. where hazardous potentially explosive atmos-
pheres can arise due to dust are divided into zones
An appropriate protection concept for choosing 20, 21 or 22.
the appropriate protective devices can be found in Explosion groups I, IIA, IIB and IIC provide a system
Chapter 9.11 Surge protection for ETHERNET net- of classification according to the explosiveness of
works. the combustible materials used in the respective

field of application. Classification criteria are the siderable advantages compared to other types of
Maximum Experimental Safe Gap (MESG) and protection.
the Minimum Ignition Current (MIC). The MESG
Firstly, no expensive special constructions are
and MIC are determined for the various gases and
required for the electrical equipment used in the
vapors according to a stipulated testing arrange-
field, for example flame-proof encapsulation or
ment.
embedding in cast resin, which results mainly in
Explosion group IIC contains the most highly com- more cost-effective solutions. Another advantage
bustible materials such as hydrogen and acetylene. is that the intrinsic safety is the only type of protec-
When heated, these materials have different ignition which allows the user to work freely at all live
tion temperatures classified into temperature intrinsically safe installations in a hazardous area
classes (T1 ... T6). without having an adverse effect on the protec-
To avoid electrical equipment from being sources tion against explosion.
of ignition in explosive atmospheres, these are
The economic advantage of using intrinsically safe
designed with different types of protection. One
circuits lies in the fact that, even in the hazardous
type of protection used all over the world, particu-
areas, conventional non-certified passive equip-
larly in measuring and control systems, is the type
ment can be used. Thus this type of protection is
of protection Intrinsic safety Ex(i).
also one of the simplest types of installation.
Ignition protection type intrinsic safety: Intrinsic safety has therefore considerable signifi-
cance, particularly in measuring and control sys-
Intrinsic safety being a type of protection is based
tems, not least because of the increased use of
on the principle of current and voltage limitation
electronic automation systems. However, intrinsic
in an electric circuit. With this system, the energy
safety demands more from the designer or con-
of the circuit or a part of the circuit, which is in a
structor of an installation than other types of pro-
position to ignite potentially explosive atmos-
tection. The intrinsic safety of a circuit not only
pheres, is kept so low to ensure that neither sparks
depends on compliance with the design provisions
nor intolerable surface heating of the electrical
for the individual pieces of equipment, but also on
components can cause an ignition of the surround-
the correct connection of all equipment in the
ing potentially explosive atmosphere. Apart from
intrinsically safe circuit and the correct installation.
voltages and currents of the electrical equipment,
the inductances and capacitances in the complete
circuit acting as energy storage devices must be
Transient surges in hazardous areas:
limited to safe maximum values.
For the safe operation of a measuring and control Intrinsic safety as type of protection considers all
system circuit, for example, this means that neither electrical energy storage devices present in the sys-
the sparks arising during the operational opening tem but not energy from outside, such as coupled
and closing of the circuit (e.g. at a make-or-break surges resulting from atmospheric discharges.
contact in an intrinsically safe circuit), nor those Coupled surges come up in expanded industrial
arising in the event of a fault (e.g. a short circuit or installations mainly as a result of close and distant
earth fault) must be capable of causing an igni- lightning strikes. In the event of a direct lightning
tion. Moreover, both for normal operation and strike, the voltage drop across the earth-termina-
also in the event of a fault, heat ignition as a result tion system causes a potential rise between some
of overheating of the equipment and cables in the 10 and 100 kV. This potential rise acts as a poten-
intrinsically safe circuit, must also be excluded. tial difference on all equipment connected via
This basically limits intrinsic safety as a type of pro- cables to distant equipment. These potential dif-
tection to circuits requiring relatively little power. ferences are considerably greater than the insula-
These are circuits of measuring and control systems tion resistance of the equipment and can easily be
and also data systems. Intrinsic safety which can be sparked over. For distant lightning strikes it is
achieved by limiting the energies available in the mainly the coupled surges in conductors that can
circuit does not relate to individual devices as is destroy the inputs of electronic equipment by act-
the case with other types of protection but to the ing as differential-mode interferences (differential
complete circuit. This produces a number of con- voltage between the lines).

Classification of electrical equipment into catego- Maximum output voltage U0
ry ia or ib Maximum output current I0
An important aspect of intrinsic safety for explo-
Maximum external inductance L0
sion protection is the issue of the reliability with
respect to maintaining of voltage and current lim- Maximum external capacitance C0
its, even assuming certain faults. There are two
categories of reliability. The designer / constructor must test whether these
Category ib specifies that the intrinsic safety must safety-related permissible maximum values of the
be maintained if a fault occurs in the intrinsically equipment connected and located in the intrinsi-
safe circuit. cally safe circuit (i.e. process field devices, conduc-
tors and SPD) are maintained for each individual
Category ia requires that the intrinsic safety must
case. The corresponding values have to be taken
be maintained if two independent faults occur.
from the rating plate of the pertinent equipment
or the type examination certificate.
The classification of the BLITZDUCTOR CT or DEHN-
connect DCO as category ia is the classification in
Classification in explosion groups
the highest category. This means that the BLITZ-
Explosive gases, vapors and mist are classified
DUCTOR may also be used with other equipment
according to the spark energy required to ignite
located in zones 0 and 20. Extra attention must be
the most explosive mixture with air.
paid to the special conditions of zones 0 and 20
Equipment is classified according to the gases
and clarified in each individual case.
which it can be used with.
Group II C applies to all fields of application, e.g.
Figure 8.2.4.1 shows the principle use of SPDs in chemical industry, coal and grain processing, with
measuring and control circuits exception of underground mining.
Group II has the highest risk of explosion, since this
Maximum values of current I0 , voltage U0 , group considers a mixture with the lowest ignition
inductance L0 and capacitance C0 energy.
At the interface between hazardous area and safe The certification of BLITZDUCTOR for explosion
area, safety barriers or transmitters with Ex(i) out- group II C means that it fulfils the highest, i.e. most
put circuit are used to separate these two different sensitive, requirements for a mixture of hydrogen
zones. in air.
The safety-related maximum values of a safety bar-
rier or a measuring transformer with Ex(i) output Classification into temperature classes
circuit are defined by the test certificates of an When a potentially explosive atmosphere is ignit-
authorised testing laboratory: ed as a result of the hot surface of a piece of equip-
non-hazardous area hazardous area MC circuit Ex(i)

1 1 1 1

MT BLITZDUCTOR BLITZDUCTOR
2 2 2 2
signal line
measuring transfor-

mer with Ex(i) input BLITZDUCTOR XT BLITZDUCTOR XT transmitter
(max. perm. Lo , Co)
LBXT LLtg LBXT LGe
1 1 1 1
CBXT CLtg CBXT CGe
2 2 2 2
C C
EB/PE EB/PE
Lo LBXT + LLtg + LBD + LGe Co CBXT + CLtg + CBXT + CGe + C
Fig. 8.2.4.1 Calculating of L0 and C0

ment, a minimum temperature specific to the zone 1 and also in conductors from zone 0
material is required to cause the explosion. The (to protect terminal devices in zone 0)
ignition temperature is a characteristic of the
EEx Testing laboratory certifies that this electri-
material characterising the ignition behaviour of
cal equipment conforms to the harmonised
the gases, vapors or dust on a hot surface. For eco-
European standards.
nomic reasons, gases and vapors are therefore clas-
sified into certain temperature classes. Tempera- EN 50014: General Principles
ture class T6 specifies that the maximum surface EN 50020: Intrinsic safety i
temperature of the component must not exceed
85 C either in operation or in the event of a fault, BLITZDUCTOR CT equipment has passed a
and that the ignition temperature of the gases and type examination successfully.
vapors must be higher than 85 C. ia Type of protection the SPD controls even a
With its T6 classification, BLITZDUCTOR CT also ful- combination of two arbitrary faults in an
fils the highest stipulated requirements in this intrinsically safe circuit without causing
aspect. ignition itself.
IIC Explosion group the SPD fulfils the
In accordance with the certificate of conformity
requirements of explosion group IIC and
issued by KEMA, the following electrical parame-
may also be used with ignitable gases such
ters must also be taken into consideration.
as hydrogen or acetylene.
Selection criteria for SPD BLITZDUCTOR XT T4 between -40 C and +80 C
Using the example of BLITZDUCTOR XT, BXT ML4 T4 between -40 C and +75 C
BD EX 24, the specific selection criteria for this
component are explained below (Figures 8.2.4.2a T6 between -40 C and +60 C
and 8.2.4.2b).
This component has already a certificate of con- Further important electrical data:
formity issued by KEMA.
Maximum external inductance L0 and maxi-
mum external capacitance (C0):
The SPD has the following classification:
The special choice of components in BLITZ-
II 2(1) G EEx ia IIC T4 ,T5, T6 DUCTOR XT means that the values of the inter-
nal inductance and capacitance of the various
This classification states the: individual components are negligibly small.
II Group of devices the SPD may be used in Maximum input current (Ii):
all fields apart from mining. The maximum permissible current which may
2(1) G Device category the SPD may be installed be supplied via the connections is 500 mA,
in potentially explosive gas atmospheres in without overriding the intrinsic safety.
protected
KEMA 06 ATEX 0274 X 1 1
intrinsically safe
II 2(1) G EEx ia IIC equipment
2 2
T4 / T5 / T6
1 1
2 2
protected
3
BLITZDUCTOR XT 3
3 3 4 4
4 4
circuit application example

Fig. 8.2.4.2a Intrinsically safe SPD Fig. 8.2.4.2b Schematic diagram of BXT ML4 BD EX 24

protected
Fieldbus FISCO
Power supply Field device
Uo 17.5 V, Ui 17.5 V, Ii 380 mA, 3
Io 380 mA Pi 5.32 W, Ci 5 nF,
Li 10 mH
Segment 1
Segment 2
protected
1 2 Power supply (Fisco); Segment 1 / 2 3 3
3 Blitzductor BXT ML4 BD EX 24

4 Field device (Fisco) protected protected
Terminator
4 4 4
Fig. 8.2.4.3 SPD in hazardous location Insulation resistance > 500 V a.c.
Maximum input voltage (Ui): Intrinsically safe circuits must be earthed if this is
The maximum voltage which may be applied required for safety reasons. They may be earthed if
to BLITZDUCTOR XT is 30 V, without overriding this is required for functional reasons. This earth-
the intrinsic safety. ing must be carried out at only one point by con-
nection with the equipotential bonding. SPDs with
Insulation resistance a d.c. sparkover voltage to earth < 500 V d.c. repre-
The insulation between an intrinsically safe circuit sent an earthing of the intrinsically safe circuit.
and the frame of the electrical equipment or other If the d.c. sparkover voltage of the SPD is > 500 V
components which can be earthed must usually be d.c., the intrinsically safe circuit is considered to be
able to withstand the root mean square value of non-earthed. This requirement corresponds to
an a.c. test voltage which is twice as high as the BLITZDUCTOR XT, BXT ML4 BD EX 24.
voltage of the intrin-
sically safe circuit, or
500 V, whichever val-
ue is higher. 1 1
2 2
Equipment with an 1 1
insulation resistance 2 2
protected BLITZDUCTOR XT 3
< 500 V a.c. is consid- 3
4 4
ered to be earthed. 3 3
Intrinsically safe equip- 4 4
ment (e.g. cables, sen-

sors, transmitters) ge-
nerally have an insu- circuit application example
lating strength > 500 V
a.c. (Figure 8.2.4.3). Fig. 8.2.4.4 Application Insulation resistance < 500 V a.c.

In order to coordinate the dielectric strength of Chapter 9.15 Installation of surge protective
the devices to be protected (transmitter and sen- devices in intrinsically safe circuits, lists the most
sor) with the voltage protection level of the SPDs, important selection criteria for both intrinsic safe-
it must be ensured that the insulation resistance of ty and EMC / surge protection in installations in
the devices to be protected is considerably higher order to detect the interaction on the other
than the requirements for an a.c. test voltage requirement profile in each case.
500 V a.c..
In order to avoid that the voltage drop of the
interference current to be discharged in the earth
connection does not degrade the voltage protec-
tion level, it must be ensured that the equipoten- 8.2.5 Special features of the installation of
tial bonding between the device to be protected SPDs
and the SPD is consistent.
The protective effect of an SPD for a device to be
Figure 8.2.4.4 illustrates a special type of applica- protected is provided if a source of interference is
tion. This particular application arises if the termi- reduced to a specified value below the interfer-
nal device to be protected has an insulation resist- ence or destruction limit and above the maximum
ance < 500 V a.c.. In this case, the intrinsically safe operating voltage of a device to be protected.
measuring circuit is not floating. Generally, the protective effect of an arrester is
indicated by the manufacturer in form of the
A BLITZDUCTOR XT, BXT ML4 BE, which is not cer- voltage protection level Up (see IEC 61643-21,
tified for use in hazardous areas, is used as the SPD EN 61643-21). The effectiveness of a surge pro-
in the hazardous area and realises a voltage protective device, however, depends on additional
tection level between lines to earth / equipotential parameters, which are determined by the instal-
bonding which is considerably less than 500 V. This lation. During the discharge, the current flow
is necessary in this particular application since the through the installation (e.g. L and R of the
insulating strength of the transmitter corresponds equipotential bonding conductor) can cause a
to < 500 V a.c.. voltage drop UL + UR which must be added to Up
and results in the residual voltage at the terminal
This example illustrates particularly the impor- device Ur .
tance of a common consideration of the conditions
of intrinsic safety and the EMC / surge protection Ur = U p + U L + U R
to be brought into line with each other in systems
engineering.
Earthing / Equipotential bonding Optimal surge protection is possible under the fol-
A consistent equipotential bonding and an inter- lowing conditions:
meshing of the earth-termination system in the
hazardous area of the installation must be The maximum operating voltage Uc of the SPD
ensured. is just above the open circuit voltage of the
The cross section of the earth conductor from the system
SPD to the equipotential bonding must be at least Up of the SPD should be as low as possible,
4 mm2 Cu. since additional voltage drops through the
installation have less effect
Installation of SPD BLITZDUCTOR CT in Ex(i)-cir-
cuits The equipotential bonding should be de-
The normative stipulations for Ex(i)-circuits from signed to have the lowest impedance possi-
the point of view of the protection against explo- ble
sion and of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)
correspond to different positions, a situation Installing the SPD as close as possible to the
which occasionally causes consternation among terminal device has a favourable effect on the
designers and building constructors. residual voltage

Installation examples: equipotential bonding conductor must be in-
stalled separately, if possible, and / or be designed
Example 1: Correct installation to have extremely low impedance (e.g. metal
(Figure 8.2.5.1) mounting plate). This form of installation illus-
trates current installation practice for terminal
The terminal device is only earthed directly via the devices protection class I.
earth connection point of the arrester. The conse-
quence is that the Up of the SPD is in fact available Ur = U p + Uv
at the terminal device. This form of installation
illustrates the most favourable application of the
SPD for protection of the terminal device. Example 3: Wrong method of equipotential bond-
ing (Figure 8.2.5.3)
Ur = U p
The terminal device is only earthed directly via the
protective conductor terminal, for example. There
UL + UR have no effect is no low impedance equipotential bonding to the
surge protective device. The path of the equipo-
Example 2: Most common installation tential bonding conductor from protective device
(Figure 8.2.5.2) to where it meets the protective conductor termi-
nal of the terminal device (e.g. equipotential
The terminal device is earthed directly via the bonding bar) has considerable effect on the resid-
earth connection point of the arrester and is also ual voltage. Depending on the length of the con-
connected via the protective conductor. The conse- ductor, voltage drops up to a few kV can arise
quence is that a part of the discharge current, which add up to Up and can lead to the destruction
depending on the impedance ratio, flows away via of the terminal device during the discharge of
the connection to the terminal device. To prevent surges.
a coupling of the interference from the connecting
equipotential bonding conductor to the protected
lines, and to keep the residual voltage low, this
Ur = U p + U L + U R
BLITZDUCTOR BLITZDUCTOR
1 IN 2
3 OUT 4
1 IN 2
3 OUT 4
BCT MLC BD 110 BCT MLC BD 110

No.919 347 No.919 347
Up
Up
discharge current
discharge current
Uv
L of line Ur L of line Ur
R of line R of line
e.g. connection of protective conductor of power supply
L and R of the line have no effect on Ur out of Ur = Up L and R of the line have a little effect on Ur , if the connection
Up = voltage protection level has a low impedance: Ur = Up + Uv
Ur = residual voltage Uv = voltage drop connection; BCT > terminal device
Fig. 8.2.5.1 Correct installation Fig. 8.2.5.2 Most frequent installation

no direct equipotential
bonding connection between
BLITZDUCTOR and terminal device
BLITZDUCTOR
1 3
1 IN 2
3 OUT 4
BCT MLC BD 110
BLITZDUCTOR
1 IN 2
3 OUT 4
No.919 347
BCT MLC BD 110
No.919 347
Up
2 4
discharge current
UL Ur Ur
UR
Due to wrong conductor leading interferences are coupled

L and R of the line impair Ur: Ur = Up + UL + UR from the unprotected to the protected line
Fig. 8.2.5.3 Wrong method of equipotential bonding Fig. 8.2.5.4 Wrong conductor leading
Example 4: Wrong conductor leading Shielding

(Figure 8.2.5.4)
The shielding of cables is described under 7.3.1.
Even if the equipotential bonding is carried out
Recommendations for installation:
correctly, a wrong conductor leading can interfere
The use of metal shields or cable ducts reduces the
with the protective effect or even result in damage
interaction between line pair and surroundings.
to the terminal device. If strict spatial separation or
For shielded cables, please note the following:
shielding of an unprotected conductor upstream
of the SPD, and protected conductor downstream Shield earthing at one end reduces the irradia-
of the SPD, is not maintained, then the electro- tion of electric fields
magnetic interference field can cause coupling of Shield earthing at both ends reduces the irra-
interference impulses on the protected conductor. diation of electromagnetic fields
Type of installation Distance

Without divider Aluminium Steel
or non-metallic divider divider
divider
Unshielded l.v. supply lines and
unshielded telecommunications lines 200 mm 100 mm 50 mm
Unshielded l.v. supply lines and
shielded telecommunications lines 50 mm 20 mm 5 mm
Shielded l.v. supply lines and
unshielded telecommunications lines 30 mm 10 mm 2 mm
Shielded l.v. supply lines and
shielded telecommunications lines 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm
Table 8.2.5.1 Separation of telecommunications and low voltage supply lines (based on EN 50174-2)

Recommended
not recommended
l.v. cables
auxiliary cables
right
telecommunica-
tion cables
sensitive
applications
metal cable trays
Low voltage cables Telecommunication cables

Auxiliary cables
Cables for sensitive applications
(e.g. fire alarm systems, door openers)
Fig. 8.2.5.5 Separation of cables in cable duct systems
Conventional shields offer no significant proof factors. The recommended guide values for the
tection against low frequency magnetic fields. spatial distances to low voltage lines are described
in EN 50174-2. For a cable length less than 35 m no
Recommendations: distance is generally required. In all other cases,
Shields should run continuously between IT instal- Table 8.2.5.1 gives the distances applying.
lations, have a low coupling resistance and be con- It is recommended to install telecommunication
ducted around the complete circumference, if pos- lines in metal ducts which are electrically connect-
sible. The shield must enclose the conductors com- ed and completely enclosed. The metal cable duct
pletely, if possible. Interruptions in the shield and systems should be connected with low impedance
high impedance earth connections and pig tails to earth as frequently as possible, at least at the
of cables should be avoided. beginning and the end (Figure 8.2.5.5).
The extent to which low voltage lines can affect
telecommunication lines depends on a multitude

Surge Arrestor

Diunggah oleh

Informasi Dokumen

Hak Cipta

Format Tersedia

Bagikan dokumen Ini

Bagikan atau Tanam Dokumen

Opsi Berbagi

Apakah menurut Anda dokumen ini bermanfaat?

Apakah konten ini tidak pantas?

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

Surge Arrestor

Diunggah oleh

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

8.

Selection, installation and assembly of surge protective

main distribution board subdistribution board terminal equipment

MEBB local EBB

Fig. 8.1.1 Use of SPDs in power supply systems (schematic diagram)

180 LIGHTNING PROTECTION GUIDE www.dehn.de

8.1.1 Technical characteristics of SPDs characterising their capacity to limit surges to a

www.dehn.de LIGHTNING PROTECTION GUIDE 181

182 LIGHTNING PROTECTION GUIDE www.dehn.de

www.dehn.de LIGHTNING PROTECTION GUIDE 183

184 LIGHTNING PROTECTION GUIDE www.dehn.de

Fig. 8.1.3.2 3-0 circuit in TN-C systems

www.dehn.de LIGHTNING PROTECTION GUIDE 185

protection acc. to IEC 62305 (EN 62305)

F1 protection acc. to IEC 60364-4-443

MEBB local EBB

Fig. 8.1.3.4 Use of SPDs in TN-C-S systems

main distribution board subdistribution board terminal equipment

lightning current arrester surge arrester

protection acc. to IEC 62305 (EN 62305)

MEBB local EBB

Fig. 8.1.3.5 Use of SPDs in TN-S systems

186 LIGHTNING PROTECTION GUIDE www.dehn.de

or with remote signalling contact:

SPD Type 2 SPD Type 2

SPD Type 1 SPD Type 1

315 A 1 315 A 1 315 A 1

L1 L1' L2 L2' L3 L3' L L' L L' L L'

DEHNbloc Maxi DEHNbloc Maxi DEHNbloc Maxi

N/PEN N/PEN N/PEN N/PEN N/PEN N/PEN N/PEN N/PEN

1 x DV M TNC 255 Part No. 951 300

www.dehn.de LIGHTNING PROTECTION GUIDE 187

1 x SF PRO Part No. 909 820

or with remote signalling contact:

SPD Type 2 SPD Type 2

SPD Type 1 SPD Type 1

L1 L1' L2 L2' L3 L3' L L' L L' L L'

DEHNbloc Maxi DEHNbloc Maxi DEHNbloc Maxi

N/PEN N/PEN N/PEN N/PEN N/PEN N/PEN N/PEN N/PEN

3x DBM 1 255 L Part No. 900 026

188 LIGHTNING PROTECTION GUIDE www.dehn.de

Cable lengt 1 x DR M 2P 255 FM Part No. 953 205

1 x DG M TNC 275 Part No. 952 300

SPD Type 2 SPD Type 2

SPD Type 1 SPD Type 1

315 A 1 315 A 1 315 A 1

14 11 12 L L' L L' L L'

DEHNsignal DEHNbloc Maxi DEHNbloc Maxi DEHNbloc Maxi

N/PEN N/PEN N/PEN N/PEN N/PEN N/PEN

www.dehn.de LIGHTNING PROTECTION GUIDE 189

1 x S PRO Part No. 909 821

Central Main and

315 A gL/gG EBB

Fig. 8.1.3.9 SPDs used in TN systems Example: Residential building

protective devices have

190 LIGHTNING PROTECTION GUIDE www.dehn.de

F1 protection acc. to IEC 60364-4-443

MEBB local EBB

Fig. 8.1.4.2 Use of SPDs in TT systems

www.dehn.de LIGHTNING PROTECTION GUIDE 191

Central Main and

125 A 1 x DV M TT 255 Part No. 951 310

Fig. 8.1.4.3 SPDs used in TT systems Example: Residential Building

Lightning protection level: However, it is still important to use an RCD capable