The design and construction of secure and safe buildings continues to be the

primary goal for owners, architects, engineers, project managers, and other
stakeholders. In addition to those listed, other stakeholders include construction
managers, developers as well as facilities managers.

Buildings are generally considered safety living environments. Some injuries

are related to unsafe building operation. These can usually be prevented by measures
that take into account issues such as accident prevention, facility managers to manage
and maintain buildings and processes that ensure occupant safety. Consistent with
areas of professional responsibility, security system and emergency management are
commonly considered in the achievement of a safety building.

In terms of security system, most security measures involve a balance

of operational, technical, and physical safety methods. For example, to protect a given
facility from unwanted intruders, a primarily operational approach might stress the
deployment of guards around the clock simultaneously a primarily technical approach
might stress camera surveillance and warning sirens while a primarily physical
approach might stress locked doorways and vehicle barriers. In practice, a
combination of approaches is usually employed to some degree and a deficiency in
one area may be compensated by a greater emphasis in the other two.

Protecting the facility and assets from unauthorized persons is an important

part of any security system. Some items to consider include perimeter intrusion
detection systems, personnel identification systems as well as protection of
information and data. For perimeter intrusion detection systems, video and closed-
circuit television (CCTV) surveillance technology should be installed in clear zone
together with the alarms. Personnel identification systems can be verify the occupants
of the building by using assess control, fingerprints, biometrics, and identity card. To
protect the information of occupants, acoustic shielding, computer screen shielding
and secure information of occupants access to equipment, network or hardware.

Emergency management also need to take into consideration for safe building.
Occupant Emergency Plans should be developed for building occupants to be able to
respond to all forms of attacks and threats. Clearly defined lines of communication
and operational procedures are all important parts of Emergency Plans. Emergency
Plans are an essential element of protecting life and property from attacks and threats
by preparing for and carrying out activities to prevent or minimize personal injury and
physical damage.

Apart from that, electrical safety should be taken into consideration as well to
prevent occupants of the building from fire threats situations. In order to ensure that
the electrical system is in well situation, the building should fulfil several situations.
First of all, the building must provide adequate space for maintenance, repair, and
expansion in electrical rooms and closets as well as adequate drainage or containment
from areas with energized electrical equipment. Other than that, all electrical control
panels and circuits should be labelled if possible and install non-conductive flooring
at service locations for high voltage equipment.