January 2014
Thioplast G
Liquid Polysulphide Polymers
n 26 - 27 23 - 25 30 - 38 20 - 21 24 - 27 13 - 16 14 - 18 <7 <7
Av. molecular weight g/mol 4400 - 4700 3900 - 4400 5200 - 6500 3400 - 3600 4100 - 4600 2100 - 2700 2400 - 3100 < 1100 < 1100
SHcontent % 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.0 1.3 1.8 2.0 1.5 1.7 2.5 3.1 2.1 2.7 > 5.9 > 5.9
Cross-linking agent mol-% TCP 0 0.5 0.5 2.0 0.2 2.0 0.5 0.5 2.0
Typical properties
All Thioplast types are medium to high viscous liquids of light such as phthalates and chlorinated paraffins. Thioplasts are
brown colour. The average molecular weight (calculated from partially soluble in aliphatic esters and ketones. They do not
the thiol terminal group content) as a measure of chain length mix with water, aliphatic hydrocarbons and alcohols. Depending
and the degree of branching dete rmines the viscosity. on the relative humidity, up to 0.3 % water is soluble in
Consequently, the viscosity is the most important characteristic Thioplast. Finely dispersed elemental sulphur is soluble.
feature of a Thioplast type.
All Thioplast products are subject to extensive quality control
All Thioplasts are completely soluble in benzene, toluene, di-
testing to ensure consistency and reliability.
chloroethane , chloroform and similar solven ts and in
plasticisers
Characteristic features of the Thioplast types:
Specific weight g/cm3 1.283 1.285 1.310 1.286 1.285 1.285 1.285 1.257 1.259
Volatile ingredients % max. 0.3 max. 0.3 max. 0.3 max. 0.3 max. 0.3 max. 0.5 max. 0.5 max. 1.0 max. 1.0
Sulphur content % 37 38
1,28
30
1,27
1,26
20
1,25
10
1,24
1,23
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Temperature, C Temperature, C
Reactions of Thioplasts Oxidative curing is po ssible with inorga nic ox ide s and
The reactive thiol terminal groups of liquid Thioplasts enable peroxides, metal oxide salts or organic hydroperoxides.
numerous chemical reactions to take place, some of which are Manganese(IV)-oxide of specific activity is the most often used
of special importance for their application and characterisation. curing agent. Because of its toxicity lead dioxide has lost its
practical importance. Cumene-hydroperoxide, a liquid organic
oxidizing agen t, which is useful for obtaining pou rable
compositions that have compression set resistance. Calcium
Oxidation reaction with oxidizing agents produce disulphide
peroxide and sodium perborates are commonly used to prepare
linkages and thus longer polymer chains: one-component- but also two component sealants if white or
pastel colored sealants are requested.
2 ~RSH + [O] ~RSSR~ + H2O Curing via addition reactions has been barely commercially
used.
The reaction with Iodine is basic to an end group assay of liquid The ease of the oxidation of the thiol terminal groups is the
Thioplasts: reason for the dominant importance of the oxidative curing
route. The curing agent should be added in excess relative to
2 ~R-SH + J 2 ~R-SS-R~ + 2 HJ the stoichiometric conversion of existing SH-groups. In the
following table proved amounts of Manganese(IV)-oxide
Strong oxidising agents such as nitric acid completely destroy required for different Thioplast types are listed.
Thioplasts releasing water, CO2, SO2 and NOX.
Thioplast Manganese(VI)-oxide (*)
ADDITION g/100 g
G 112 5.5 6.1
The reactive terminal groups of epoxy resins react with liquid G 1 5.4 5.8
Thioplasts and become attached so that copolymers are G 12 5.7 6.3
formed:
G 21 7.5 9.4
G 22 7.7 9.8
~RSH + CH2-CH-R' ~R-S-CH2-CH-R' (*) pure curing agent substance; the concentration of technical products has to be
\ /
O OH
To bring metal oxides into close contact with Thioplast, paste-
Similar reactions are also possible with isocyanates: like curing agents are made by thoroughly mixing of metal
oxide, plasticiser, suitable retarders or accelerators, and milling
+ OC=N-R ~R-S-C-NH-R on a triple-roll mill.
O T h e c u r i n g re a c t i o n c a n b e m o n i t o re d b y v i s c o s i t y
measurements:
HYDROLYSIS
Curing of Thioplast G112, G 21 [Manganese(IV)-oxide-curing paste]
Thioplasts react with alkalis to form salts, while mineral acids 120
break up formal groups in the organic chain. G112 G21
100
-CH2-CH2-O-CH2-O-CH2-CH2-SS- + H2O
80
HCHO + -CH 2-CH 2-OH + HO-CH 2-CH2-SS-
Viscosity, kPa*s
mineral acids.
40
Curing of Thioplasts
20
Thioplast
G 10 G 112 G 131 G1 G 12 G 21 G 22 G 44 G4
Insulating glass + + ++
Construction ++ ++ + +
Industrial applications ++ ++ + +
Specialities ++ ++ + ++
Coatings ++ ++
Epoxy modifiers ++ ++
Safety advises
Thioplasts with molecular weight 1800 are not hazardous products (Gefahrstoffverordnung v. 26.10.1993). The
Thioplast types G 4 and G 44 (molecular weight < 1800) are environmentally harzardous substances and labelled
with N.
The acute oral toxicity of all Thioplasts has been measured in rats as >5 g/kg body weight. Together with a low
level of resorption, the hazards for human health can therefore be regarded as minimal.
Skin irritation studies indicate that some individuals developed allergic reactions upon repeated applications to the
same area of skin. It is therefore advised that longer periods of skin contact or repeated contacts should be
avoided. Protective gloves should be worn as a precaution.
More information about national and international standards are available upon request.
Legal disclaimer
All information, recommendations and suggestions appearing in this literature concerning the use of the products
are based upon tests and data believed to be reliable, however, it is the user's responsibility to determine the
suitability for his own use of the products described here. Since the actual use by others is beyond the control of
AkzoNobel Functional Chemicals GmbH no guarantee expressed or implied is made by AkzoNobel Functional
Chemicals GmbH as to the effect of such use or the results to be obtained, nor does AkzoNobel Functional
Chemicals GmbH assume any liability arising out of the use by others of the products referred to herein. Nor is the
information herein to be construed as absolutely complying with existing applicable laws or government
regulations. Nothing herein contained is to be construed as permission or as a recommendation to infringe any
patent. All orders accepted shall be subjected to the standard conditions of sale of the manufacturing company,
AkzoNobel Functional Chemicals GmbH