16. When light is refracted, which of the following does not (c) The height measured normal to the principal axis
change ? upwards is positive
(a) Wavelength (b) Frequency (d) The magnification for virtual image formed by a
(c) Velocity (d) Amplitude concave lens is negative
17. If the light moving in a straight line bends by a small but
25. The apparent flattening of the sun at sunset and sunrise
fixed angle, it may be a case of
is due to
(a) reflection (b) refraction
(c) diffraction (d) both (a) & (b) (a) refraction
18. Total internal reflection can take place only if (b) diffraction
(a) light goes from optically rarer medium (smaller (c) total internal reflection
refractive index) to optically denser medium (d) interference
(b) light goes from optically denser medium to rarer 26. The speed of light in an isotropic medium depends on
medium (a) the nature of the source
(c) the refractive indices of the two media are close to (b) its wavelength
different (c) its direction of propagation
(d) the refractive indices of the two media are widely (d) its intensity
different 27. A parallel beam of light is incident on a converging lens
19. The difference between reflection and total internal parallel to its principal axis. As one moves away from the
reflection is that lens on the other side on its principal axis, the intensity
(a) the laws of reflection hold true for reflection but not of light
for total internal reflection. (a) remains constant
(b) total internal reflection can take place only when light (b) continuously increases
travels from a rarer medium to a denser medium while (c) continuously decreases
reflection can take place vice-versa also. (d) first increases then decreases
(c) reflection can take place when light travels from a 28. The rays of different colours fail to converge at a point
rarer medium to denser medium and vice-versa but after going through a converging lens. This defect is called
total internal reflection can take place only when it (a) spherical aberration (b) distortion
travels from an optically denser to an optically rarer (c) coma (d) chromatic aberration
medium. 29. What causes chromatic aberration?
(d) reflection is a natural phenomena while total internal (a) Marginal rays
reflection is man-made. (b) Central rays
20. When the angle of incidence of a light ray is greater than (c) Difference in radii of curvature of its surfaces
the critical angle it gets
(d) Variation of focal length of lens with colour
(a) critically refracted
30. The focal length of a converging lens are fV and fR for
(b) totally reflected
(c) total internally reflected violet and red light respectively. Then
(d) totally refracted (a) fV > fR
21. Which of the following phenomena is used in optical fibres ? (b) fV = fR
(a) Total internal reflection (c) fV < fR
(b) Scattering (d) any of the three is possible depending on the value of
(c) Diffraction the average refractive index m
(d) Refraction 31. A narrow beam of white light goes through a slab having
22. Critical angle of light passing from glass to water is minimum parallel faces
for (a) the light never splits in different colours
(a) red colour (b) green colour
(b) the emergent beam is white
(c) yellow colour (d) violet colour
(c) the light inside the slab is split into different colours
23. Which of the following is not due to total internal reflection?
(a) Working of optical fibre (d) the light inside the slab is white
(b) Difference between apparent and real depth of pond 32. Chromatic aberration in a lens is caused by
(c) Mirage on hot summer days (a) reflection (b) interference
(d) Brilliance of diamond (c) diffraction (d) dispersion
24. Identify the wrong sign convention 33. Which of the following is Lens makers formula?
(a) The magnification for virtual image formed by a convex m2 m1 m2 -m1 1 1 1
(a) = = (b) - =
lens is positive v u R v u R
(b) The magnification for real image formed by a convex 1 1 1 1 1 1
lens is negative (c) = + (d) f = ( m - 1) R - R
f v u 1 2
381
55. An experiment is performed to find the refractive index of 62. If i = angle of incidence and r = angle of refraction, then
glass using a travelling microscope. In this experiment sin i
the ratio
distances are measured by sin r
(a) a vernier scale provided on the microscope I. is a constant for a pair of media.
(b) a standard laboratory scale II. is called refractive index of medium 2 with respect to
(c) a meter scale provided on the microscope medium 1.
(d) a screw gauge provided on the microscope III. is called absolute refractive index of medium 2.
56. If the focal length of objective lens is increased then IV. varies with temperature.
magnifying power of : (a) I, II and III (b) II, III and IV
(a) microscope will increase but that of telescope (c) I, II and IV (d) I, III and IV
decrease. 63. Which of the following is/are correct relations?
(b) microscope and telescope both will increase. 1
(c) microscope and telescope both will decrease I. n21 = II. n32 = n31 n12
n12
(d) microscope will decrease but that of telescope
n 1a n 2a
increase. III. n21 = IV. n21 = n
57. The light gathering power of an astronomical telescope n 2a 1a
depends upon (a) I, II and IV (b) I, III and IV
(a) length of tube (b) focal length of objective (c) II, III and IV (d) I, II, III and IV
(c) area of eye-piece (d) area of objective 64. Which of the following statements is/are correct about a
58. The objective of a telescope must be of large diameter in convex lens?
order to I. Convex lens is converging for light for all wavelengths.
(a) remove chromatic aberration II. For virtual object, the image is also virtual.
(b) remove spherical aberration and high magnification III. For real object, the image is always real.
(c) gather more light and for high resolution (a) I and II (b) II and III (c) I and III (d) Only I
(d) increase its range of observation 65. Sunlight reaches to us in composite form and not in its
constituent colours because
STATEMENT TYPE QUESTIONS I. vacuum is nondispersive.
II. speed of all colours is same in vacuum.
59. Which of the following statements about laws of III. light behaves like a particle in vacuum.
reflection is/are correct? IV. light travels in a straght line in vacuum.
I. The incident ray, the reflected ray and the normal all (a) I and II (b) II and III (c) III and IV(d) I and IV
66. Which of the following statements is/are incorrect?
lie in the same plane.
I. At sunset or sunrise, the suns rays have to pass
II. Angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection. through a small distance in the atmosphere.
III. After reflection, velocity, wavelength and frequency II. At sunset or sunrise, the suns rays have to pass
of light remains same but intensity decreases. through a larger distance in the atmosphere.
(a) I only (b) II only III. Rayleigh scattering which is proportional to (1/l)2.
(c) I and II (d) I, II and III (a) I and II (b) I and III
60. A convex mirror is used to form the image of an object. (b) II and III (d) I, II and III
Then which of the following statements is/are true?
I. The image lies between the pole and the focus MATCHING TYPE QUESTIONS
II. The image is diminished in size 67. Match the Column-I and Column-II
III. The image is real Column I Column II
(a) I only (b) II only (A) An object is placed at focus (1) Magnification is
(c) I and III (d) I and II before aconvex mirror
61. In case of reflection over spherical surface, which of (B) An object is placed at centre (2) Magnification is 0.5
these are correct ? of curvature before a concave
I. Normal is taken as perpendicular of tangent at point mirror
of incidence. (C) An object is placed at focus (3) Magnification is +1
before a concave mirror
II. Perpendicular to incident ray which is perpendicular
(D) An object is placed at centre (4) Magnification is 1
to plane of incident ray.
of curvature before a convex
III. Line joining centre of curvature of mirror with point mirror
of incidence. (5) Magnification is 0.33
IV. Line joining centre of curvature and pole of curved (a) (A) (2); (B) (3); (C) (4); (D) (5)
surface. (b) (A) (5); (B) (4); (C) (3); (D) (1)
(a) I and II (b) I and III (c) (A) (2); (B) (4); (C) (1); (D) (5)
(c) II and III (d) II and IV (d) (A) (3); (B) (5); (C) (2); (D) (4)
383
68. Match the columns I and II 71. For an object placed in front of a mirror, magnification (m)
Column I Column II is given in Column I, Column II gives the possible nature
of the mirror or that of image. Match appropriately.
Column I Column II
1
(A) (1) Planoconvex (A) m = (1) Concave mirror
4
(B) m = 1 (2) Convex mirror
(C) m = 2 (3) Plane mirror
(D) m = 1 (4) Real
(a) (A) (2); (B) (1); (C) (1); (D) (3)
(b) (A) (1); (B) (2); (C) (4); (D) (2)
(c) (A) (2); (B) (4); (C) (1); (D) (3)
(B) (2) Biconcave
(d) (A) (1); (B) (4); (C) (3); (D) (2)
72. Match the following Column II gives nature of image formed
in various cases given in Column I
Column I Column II
f
35
A 60
B Glass Air
(i) (ii)
Air 60 Water
41
B
(a) is plane
(b) is convex
(c) is concave q
(iii) Glass
(d) may be any spherical mirror Water
76. The correct sign convention for the following figure 41
where the object is at c will be (a) 30 (b) 35 (c) 60 (d) 41
M 79. The following figure shows refraction of light at the
interface of three media
A
H Medium 1 Medium 2
r2 Medium 3
B P r1
B C h F
r1
i1
A
(c)
(
2 +1 ) (d) 5 / 2
(c) Assertion is correct, reason is incorrect
(d) Assertion is incorrect, reason is correct.
2 88. Assertion : Plane mirror may form real image.
84. The graph between angle of deviation (d) and angle of
Reason : Plane mirror forms virtual image, if object is real.
incidence (i) for a triangular prism is represented by
89. Assertion : The focal length of the convex mirror will
(a) (b) increase, if the mirror is placed in water.
d d
Reason : The focal length of a convex mirror of radius R is
equal to , f = R/2.
90. Assertion : The image formed by a concave mirror is certainly
o o real if the object is virtual.
i i Reason : The image formed by a concave mirror is certainly
(c) (d) virtual if the object is real.
d d 91. Assertion : The image of an extended object placed
perpendicular to the principal axis of a mirror, will be erect if
the object is real but the image is virtual.
o Reason : The image of an extended object, placed
o
i i perpendicular to the principal axis of a mirror, will be erect if
85. An equilateral prism is placed on a horizontal surface. A the object is virtual but the image is real.
ray PQ is incident onto it. For minimum deviation 92. Assertion : An object is placed at a distance of f from a
(a) PQ is horizontal R convex mirror of focal length f its image will form at infinity.
(b) QR is horizontal Q S Reason : The distance of image in convex mirror can never
P
(c) RS is horizontal be infinity.
(d) Any one will be horizontal 93. Assertion : Critical angle is minimum for violet colour.
86. A light ray is incident
1 1
perpendicularly to one face of Reason : Because critical angle qc = sin -1 and m .
a 90 prism and is totally m l
internally reflected at the 94. Assertion : Two convex lenses joined together cannot
glass-air interface. If the produce an achromatic combination.
angle of reflection is 45, we w1 w2
conclude that the refractive Reason : The condition for achromatism is f + f = 0
1 2
index where symbols have their usual meaning.
386
95. Assertion : The image of a point object situated at the 106. A glass slab of thickness 4 cm contains the same number of
centre of hemispherical lens is also at the centre. waves as 5 cm of water when both are traversed by the
Reason : For hemisphere Snell's law is not valid. same monochromatic light. If the refractive index of water is
96. Assertion : When a convex lens (g= 3/2) of focal length f is 4/3, what is that of glass?
4 (a) 5/3 (b) 5/4 (c) 16/15 (d) 1.5
dipped in water, its focal length becomes f .
3 107. The index of refraction of diamond is 2.0. The velocity of
Reason : The focal length of convex lens in water becomes 4f. light in diamond is approximately
97. Assertion: The focal length of an equiconvex lens of radius (a) 1.5 1010 cm/sec (b) 2 1010 cm/sec
of curvature R made of material of refractive index = 1.5, is R. 10
(c) 3.0 10 cm/sec (d) 6 1010 cm/sec
Reason : The focal length of the lens will be R/2. 108. Light travels through a glass plate of thickness t and
98. Assertion : If the rays are diverging after emerging from a refractive index m. If c is the speed of light in vacuum, the
lens; the lens must be concave. time taken by light to travel this thickness of glass is
Reason : The convex lens can give diverging rays.
99. Assertion : A lens, whose radii of curvature are different, is t
(a) mtc (b) tc (c) (d) mt
forming the image of an object placed on its axis. If the lens m mc c
is reversed, the position of the image will not change.
Reason : Th e focal length of a lens is given by 109. One face of a rectangular glass plate 6 cm thick is silvered.
An object held 8 cm in front of the first face, forms an image
1 1 1
= (m - 1) - , and so focal length in both the cases 12 cm behind the silvered face. The refractive index of the
f R1 R2 glass is
is same. (a) 0.4 (b) 0.8 (c) 1.2 (d) 1.6
100. Assertion : The resolving power of a telescope is more if 110. A beam of monochromatic blue light of wavelength 420 nm
the diameter of the objective lens is more. in air travels in water (m = 4/3). Its wavelength in water will
Reason : Objective lens of large diameter collects more light. be
101. Assertion : The optical instruments are used to increase (a) 280 nm (b) 560 nm (c) 315 nm (d) 400 nm
the size of the image of the object. 111. The frequency of a light wave in a material is 2 1014 Hz
Reason : The optical instruments are used to increase the
and wavelength is 5000 . The refractive index of material
visual angle.
will be
CRITICAL THINKING TYPE QUESTIONS (a) 1.50 (b) 3.00 (c) 1.33 (d) 1.40
112. A ray of light travelling in a transparent medium of
102. A rod of length 10 cm lies along the principal axis of a refractive index m, falls on a surface separating the
concave mirror of focal length 10 cm in such a way that its medium from air at an angle of incidence of 45. For which
end closer to the pole is 20 cm away from the mirror. The of the following value of m the ray can undergo total
length of the image is internal reflection?
(a) 10 cm (b) 15 cm (c) 2.5 cm (d) 5 cm (a) m = 1.33 (b) m = 1.40 (c) m = 1.50 (d) m = 1.25
1 113. Light travels in two media A and B with speeds 1.8
103. A ray of light travelling in the direction (i + 3 j ) is
2 108 m s1 and 2.4 108 m s1 respectively. Then the
incident on a plane mirror. After reflection, it travels along critical angle between them is
1
the direction (i - 3 j ) . The angle of incidence is -1 2 -1 3
2 (a) sin (b) tan
3
4
(a) 30 (b) 45 (c) 60 (d) 75
2 3
104. A vessel of depth x is half filled with oil of refractive index (c) tan -1 (d) sin -1
m1 and the other half is filled with water of refractive index 3
4
m2. The apparent depth of the vessel when viewed from 114. The critical angle for light going from medium X into medium
above is Y is q. The speed of light in medium X is v, then speed of
x (m1 + m 2 ) light in medium Y is
xm1m 2
(a)
2m1m2
(b) (a) v(1 cos q) (b) v/sin q
2(m1 + m2 ) (c) v/cos q (d) v cos q
xm1m2 2 x (m1 + m2 ) 115. A ray of light travelling in a transparent medium of refractive
(c) (d)
(m1 + m 2 ) m1m2 index m , falls on a surface separating the medium from air at
105. A ray of light travelling inside a rectangular glass block of an angle of incidence of 45. For which of the following
refractive index 2 is incident on the glass-air surface at value of m the ray can undergo total internal reflection?
an angle of incidence of 45. The refractive index of air is (a) m = 1.33 (b) m = 1.40 (c) m = 1.50 (d) m = 1.25
one. Under these conditions the ray will 116. A luminous object is placed at a distance of 30 cm from the
(a) emerge into the air without any deviation convex lens of focal length 20 cm. On the other side of the
(b) be reflected back into the glass lens, at what distance from the lens a convex mirror of radius
(c) be absorbed of curvature 10 cm be placed in order to have an upright
(d) emerge into the air with an angle of refraction equal image of the object coincident with it?
to 90
(a) 12 cm (b) 30 cm (c) 50 cm (d) 60 cm
387
117. A thin glass (refractive index 1.5) lens has optical power of 126. The dispersive power of material of a lens of focal length 20
5 D in air. Its optical power in a liquid medium with refractive cm is 0.08. What is the longitudinal chromatic aberration of
index 1.6 will be the lens ?
(a) 1D (b) 1 D (c) 25 D (d) 25 D (a) 0.08 cm (b) 0.08/20 cm (c) 1.6 cm (d) 0.16 cm
118. A plano-convex lens is made of material of refractive index 127. A planoconvex lens of focal length 16 cm, is to be made of
1.6. The radius of curvature of the curved surface is 60 cm. glass of refractive index 1.5. The radius of curvature of the
The focal length of the lens is curved surface should be
(a) 50 cm (b) 100 cm (c) 200 cm (d) 400 cm (a) 8 cm (b) 12 cm (c) 16 cm (d) 24 cm
119. The radius of curvature of a thin plano-convex lens is 10 cm 128. A mans near point is 0.5 m and far point is 3 m. Power of
(of curved surface) and the refractive index is 1.5. If the spectacle lenses required for (i) reading purposes, (ii) seeing
plane surface is silvered, then it behaves like a concave distant objects, respectively, are
mirror of focal length (a) 2 D and + 3 D (b) +2 D and 3 D
120. Two identical thin plano-convex glass lenses (refractive (c) +2 D and 0.33 D (d) 2 D and + 0.33 D
index 1.5) each having radius of curvature of 20 cm are 129. Two thin lenses are in contact and the focal length of the
placed with their convex surfaces in contact at the centre. combination is 80 cm. If the focal length of one lens is 20
The intervening space is filled with oil of refractive index cm, then the power of the other lens will be
1.7. The focal length of the combination is (a) 1.66 D (b) 4.00 D (c) 100 D (d) 3.75 D
(a) 25 cm (b) 50 cm (c) 50 cm (d) 20 cm 130. A thin convergent glass lens (mg = 1.5) has a power of
3 + 5.0 D. When this lens is immersed in a liquid of refractive
121. A thin convex lens made from crown glass m = has index m, it acts as a divergent lens of focal length 100 cm.
2
The value of m must be
focal length f. When it is measured in two different liquids (a) 4/3 (b) 5/3 (c) 5/4 (d) 6/5
4 5 131. For the angle of minimum deviation of a prism to be equal to
having refractive indices and , it has the focal lengths its refracting angle, the prism must be made of a material
3 3
whose refractive index
f1 and f2 respectively. The correct relation between the focal
lengths is: (a) lies between 2 and 1
(a) f1 = f2 < f
(b) lies between 2 and 2
(b) f1 > f and f2 becomes negative
(c) f2 > f and f1 becomes negative (c) is less than 1
(d) f1 and f2 both become negative (d) is greater than 2
122. A green light is incident from the water to the air - water 132. The refractive index of a glass is 1.520 for red light and 1.525
interface at the critical angle (q). Select the correct statement. for blue light. Let D1 and D2 be angles of minimum deviation
(a) The entire spectrum of visible light will come out of for red and blue light respectively in a prism of this glass.
the water at an angle of 90 to the normal. Then,
(a) D1 < D2
(b) The spectrum of visible light whose frequency is less
(b) D1 = D2
than that of green light will come out to the air medium.
(c) D1 can be less than or greater than D2 depending
(c) The spectrum of visible light whose frequency is more
upon the angle of prism
than that of green light will come out to the air medium.
(d) D1 > D2
(d) The entire spectrum of visible light will come out of
133. A right prism is made by
the water at various angles to the normal.
selecting a proper material
123. A plano convex lens of refractive index 1.5 and radius of
and the angle A and B (B <<
curvature 30 cm. Is silvered at the curved surface. Now this
A) as shown in fig. It is desired
lens has been used to form the image of an object. At what
that a ray of light incident on
distance from this lens an object be placed in order to have
the face AB emerges parallel
a real image of size of the object
to the incident direction after
(a) 60 cm (b) 30 cm (c) 20 cm (d) 80 cm
two internal reflections.
124. A double convex lens of focal length 6 cm is made of glass
What should be the minimum refractive index m for this to
of refractive index 1.5. The radius of curvature of one surface
be possible ?
is double that of other surface. The value of small radius of
curvature is (a) 3 (b) 1.5 (c) 2 (d) 1.8
(a) 6 cm (b) 4.5 cm (c) 9 cm (d) 4 cm 134. The refractive index of the material of a prism is 2 and its
125. An achromatic convergent doublet of two lenses in contact refracting angle is 30. One of the refracting surfaces of the
has a power of + 2D. The convex lens has power + 5D. prism is made a mirror inwards. A beam of monochromatic
What is the ratio of dispersive powers of convergent and light enters the prism from the mirrored surface if its angle
divergent lenses ? of incidence of the prism is
(a) 2 : 5 (b) 3 : 5 (c) 5 : 2 (d) 5 : 3 (a) 30 (b) 45 (c) 60 (d) 0
388
135. The angle of a prism is A. One of its refracting surfaces is and the latter is equal to 3/4th of the angle of prism. The
silvered. Light rays falling at an angle of incidence 2A on angle of deviation is
the first surface returns back through the same path after (a) 45 (b) 39 (c) 20 (d) 30
suffering reflection at the silvered surface. The refractive 141. A telescope has an objective lens of 10 cm diameter and is
index m, of the prism is : situated at a distance of one kilometer from two objects.
(a) 2 sin A (b) 2 cos A The minimum distance between these two objects, which
1 can be resolved by the telescope, when the mean
(c) cos A (d) tan A wavelength of light is 5000 , is of the order of
2
(a) 5 cm (b) 0.5 m (c) 5 m (d) 5mm
136. The refracting angle of a prism is A, and refractive index of 142. Wavelength of light used in an optical instrument are
the material of the prism is cot(A/2). The angle of minimum
o o
deviation is : l1 = 4000 A and l 2 = 5000 A , then ratio of their
(a) 180 2A (b) 90 A respective resolving powers (corresponding to ll and l2) is
(c) 180 + 2A (d) 180 3A
137. A ray of light is incident normally on one refracting surface (a) 16 : 25 (b) 9 : 1 (c) 4 : 5 (d) 5 : 4.
of an equilateral prism. If the refractive index of the material 143. The magnifying power of a telescope is 9. When it is
of the prism is 1.5, then adjusted for parallel rays, the distance between the objective
(a) the emergent ray is deviated by 30 and the eye piece is found to be 20 cm. The focal length of
(b) the emergent ray is deviated by 60 lenses are
(c) the emergent ray just graces the second reflecting (a) 18 cm, 2 cm (b) 11 cm, 9 cm
surface (c) 10 cm, 10 cm (d) 15 cm, 5 cm
(d) the ray undergoes total internal reflection at second 144. The focal length of the objective of a telescope is 60 cm. To
refracting surface obtain a magnification of 20, the focal length of the eye
(e) the ray emerges normally from the second refracting piece should be
surface (a) 2 cm (b) 3 cm (c) 4 cm (d) 5 cm
138. A thin prism of angle 15 made of glass of refractive index 145. The focal lengths of objective and eye lens of an
1 = 1.5 is combined with another prism of glass of refractive astronomical telelscope are respectively 2 meter and 5 cm.
index 2 = 1.75. The combination of the prism produces Final image is formed at (i) least distance of distinct vision
dispersion without deviation. The angle of the second prism (ii) infinity Magnifying power in two cases will be
should be (a) 48, 40 (b) 40, 48
(a) 7 (b) 10 (c) 12 (d) 5 (c) 40, + 48 (d) 48, + 40
139. A prism has a refracting angle of 60. When placed in the 146. A simple telescope, consisting of an objective of focal length
position of minimum deviation, it produces a deviation of 60 cm and a single eye lens of focal length 5 cm is focussed on
30. The angle of incidence is a distant object in such a way that parallel rays emerge from
(a) 30 (b) 45 (c) 15 (d) 60 the eye lens. If the object subtends an angle of 2 at the
140. A ray of light passes through an equilateral prism such that objective, the angular width of the image is
the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of emergence (a) 10 (b) 24 (c) 50 (d) (1/6)
389
FACT/DEFINITION TYPE QUESTIONS place when ray of light travels from optically denser
medium (m1 > m2) to optically rarer medium.
1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (c) 19. (c) For total internal reflection light ray must travel from
5. (a) Virtual image formed is larger in size in case of optically denser to an optically rarer medium.
concave mirror. 20. (c) As i > ic
6. (a) Real, inverted and same in size because object is at At i = ic angle of refraction
the centre of curvature of the mirror.
r = 90
7. (d) Convex mirror always forms, virtual, erect and
smaller image. sin ic
\ ==1
8. (a) To see his full image in a plane mirror a person requires sin 90
a mirror of at least half of his height. 21. (a) The basic principle of communication in fibre optics is
H based on the phenomenon of total internal reflection.
M
22. (d)
E H 23. (b) Difference between apparent and real depth of a pond
H 2 is due to the refraction of light, not due to the total
internal reflection. Other three phenomena are due to
M' the total internal reflection.
L 24. (d) The magnification for vertual image formed by
9. (c) concave lens is positive.
10. (c) Because they form nearly point image of point source. 25. (a) The apparent flattening (oval shape) of the sun at
11. (d) sunset and sunrise is due to refraction.
n 2 n1 n 2 - n1 26. (b) In an isotropic medium, speed of light depends on
12. (c) Relation - = true for both concave
v u R its wavelength.
and convex mirror. 27. (a)
13. (b) 28. (d) Since refractive index for different wave length of
14. (c) Since the refractive index is less at beam boundary, light is different. Hence the different colours of light
the ray at the edges of the beam move faster forms images at different position. This phenomenon
compared to the axis of beam. Hence the beam is called chromatic aberration.
converges. 29. (d) The cause of chromatic aberration is that lens
sin i v1 m 2 focusses different colours at different points.
15. (b) According to Snells law = =
sin r v 2 m1 30. (c) Since lR > lV mR< mV
From fig. we see that 1 1
Q m f V < fR Q (m - 1)
l f
i medium 1 (m1) 31. (b,c) If faces of prism on which light is incident & from
denser
which it emerge are parallel, then angle of prism will
rare 90 r be zero & so deviation will also be zero i.e., the prism
r
will act as a transparent prism.
medium 2 (m2) 32. (d) 33. (d)
r > i v2 > v1 from Snells Law 34. (a) The angular dispersion q i.e., the angle between the
So v2 = nl2 > v1 = nl1 l2 > l1 extreme rays of light,
(Frequency of wave does not change on refraction) q = (dV dR) where dV = (mV1)A, dR = (mV1)A & A is
16. (b) Frequency does not change on refraction. angle of prism.
17. (d) It occurs in both reflection & refraction & the angle of So if refractive index increases, then d increases &
bending rays is constant. hence q increases.
sin i m 2 m - mR dm
18. (b) According to Snells Law, = 35. (b) Dispersive power of a prism w = V = ,
sin r m1 my -1 m -1
where r = 90 for particular incidence angle called critical mV + mR
angle. When the incidence angle is equal to or greater where m = m y =
2
than ic, then total internal reflection occurs. It takes 36. (d)
390
37. (b) Refractive index of medium is given by by increasing the aperture of objective resolving power
B can be increased.
m = A+ 2 ( where A and Bare constant ). 55. (a) To find the refractive index of glass using a travelling
l
Light has seven different colour, so its each colour microscope, a vernier scale is provided on the
has different wavelength and so different refractive microscope.
index. 56. (d) Magnifying power of microscope
Due to difference in refractive index different refractive LD 1
sin i =
angle m = . f 0f e f0
sin r
Hence with increase f0 magnifyig power of microscope
So this is due to dependence on wavelength of
decreases.
refractive index.
38. (a) In the position of minimum deviation, i1 = i2. f0
Magnifying power of telescope = f0
39. (d) We can combine two prisms in such a way fe
(i) deviation is zero but dispersion not Hence with increase f0 magnifying power of telescope
(ii) dispersion is zero but deviation is not. increases.
But in any situation both deviation & dispersion 57. (d) Because of large objective area more light is gathered.
can not be zero simultaneously.
40. (c) At the minimum deviation, A
b
As magnification m =
f = Dm angle of incidence a
i = angle of emergence b = angle subtended at the eye by the final image
e and inside the prism i e a = angle subtended by the object at the lens or eye
refracted ray parallel to the O 58. (c) With large diameters of objective, the ability to
base of the prism B C
observe two objects distinctly, increases as more
41. (d) light is gathered.
42. (c) In the position of minimum deviation
STATEMENT TYPE QUESTIONS
A + dm 60 + 30
i=e= = = 45
2 2 59. (d)
43. (a) 60. (d) The image formed by a convex mirror is always
44. (b) Secondary rainbow is formed by rays undergoing virtual.
interanal reflection twice inside the drop. 61. (b) Normal is perpendicular to the tangent to surface at
45. (b) the point of incidence i.e., the normal is along the
46. (b) For rear view, Convex mirror is used in vehicle radius, the line joining the centre of curvature of the
47. (a) Cylindrical lens is used to rectify eye defect astigmatism mirror to the point of incidence.
48. (b) So, geometric centre of a spherical mirror is called its
49. (d) Because, the focal length of eye lens can not pole while that of a spherical lens is called its optical
decrease beyond a certain limit. centre. The line joining the pole and the centre of
50. (b) The image formed by objective lens of compound curvature of the spherical mirror is known as the
microscope is real and enlarged, while final image formed principal axis. In the case of spherical lenses, the
by compound microscope is inverted, virtual, enlarged pricipal axis is the line joining the optical centre with
and at a distance D to infinite or from an eye, on same its principal focus.
side of eye piece. 62. (c) The ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the
51. (b) The aperture of objective lens of Astronomical sine of angle of refraction is constant. Remember
telescope is large to get better resolution. Since that the angles of incidence (i) and refraction (r) are
D the angles that the incident and its refracted ray
resolution of telescope power is R = , where D make with the normal, respectively. We have,
1.22 l
is the diameter of the objective lens of Telescope. sin i
52. (b) One should increase the power of lens i.e., decrease = n21 ...(i)
sin r
the focal length of a lens.
where, n21 is a constant, called the refractive index
53. (a) In simple microscope the final image is erect.
of the medium 2 w.r.t. the medium 1. Eq. (i) is the well
54. (d) Resolving power = l plane transmission grating known Snells law of refraction. We note that n21 is
dl
a characteristic of the pair of media (and also
Resolving power for telescope
1 d d depends on the wavelength of light) but is
= = = 0 independent of the angle of incidence
limit of resolution 1.22 l dl
391
1 1 1 1
sin i c = \ sin 45 > or > n> 2
n n 2 n
393
124. (b) If R1 = R, R2 = 2 R 2A = i + e
1 1 1 in case of d min i = e
= (m - 1) -
f R1 R 2 A
2A = 2i r1 = r2 =
1 1 1 0 .5 3 2
= (1.5 - 1) + =
6 R 2 R 2R i = A = 90
from smells law
R = 4.5 cm
1 sin i = n sin r1
125. (b) Here, P1 = 5 D
A
P2 = P P1 = 2 5 = 3 D sin A = n sin
w1 f - P2 3 2
=- 1 = = A A A
w2 f2 P1 5 2 sin cos = n sin
2 2 2
126. (c) Longitudinal chromatic aberration = w f
A
= 0.08 20 = 1.6 cm 2 cos = n
2
1 1 1 when A = 90 = imin
127. (a) = (m - 1) -
f R
1 R 2 then nmin = 2
1 1 1 i = A = 0 nmax = 2
= (1.5 - 1) - 132. (a) For a thin prism, D = (m 1) A
16 R
1 1 Since lb < lr mr < mb D1 < D2
= 0.5 R = 8 cm 133. (c) The ray is incident on face AC at an angle A, after
16 R
reflection, it incident of face BC at an angle B. Thus
128. (c) For reading purposes :
u = 25 cm, v = 50 cm, f = ? A + B = 90.
1 1 1 1 1 1 As B < A, so the ray if totally reflected from face BC, it
= - =- + = ; must be reflected from AC also. For this angle B should
f v u 50 25 50
be greater than critical angle C. For minimum value of
100
P= = +2 D m, B can be infinitesimally than C, so B = C (critical
f angle).We know that
For distant vision, f' = distance of far point = 3 m
1 1 1 1
P = = - D = -0.33 D m= =
f 3 sin C sin B
100 100 For A = B, B = 45
129. (d) P2 = P - P1 = - = -3 .75 D 1
80 20 \ mmin = sin 45 = 2
mg
- 1 134. (b) The angle must be equal to the critical angle,
Pa m a +5
130. (b) = = = -5 1 1
P1 m g - 100 / 100 C = sin -1 = sin -1 = 45
m - 1 m
2
1 135. (b)
m g mg
- 5 - 1 = -1
m1 m a
1 .5 -1 1 .5 5
-1 = (1 .5 - 1) = -0 .1 ; m1 = =
m1 5 0.9 3
131. (b) A Prism angle
A sin i
Smin
Angle of According to Snells law m =
minimum sin r
deviation (1) sin 2A = (m) sin A m = 2 cos A
Incident C e Angle of 136. (a) As we know, the refractive index of the material of the
r1 r2
angle emergence prism
d + A
sin m
2
B C m=
sin (A/ 2)
The angle of minimum deviation is given as
A + dm
d min = i + eA sin
2 cos (A/ 2)
for minimum deviation cot A/2 = =
sin A / 2 sin (A / 2)
d min = A then [Q = cot (A/2)]
396
dm + A 3
Sin 140. (d) i1 = i 2 =A
2
= sin(90 + A/2)
4
dmin = 180 2A As A + d = i1 + i 2
1
137. (d) As we know m = 3 3 A 60
sin C \ d = i1 + i 2 - A = A+ A-A = = = 30
4 4 2 2
1 2
m = sin 60 = x 1.22l 1.22 5 103 10 -10 10 3
3 141. (d) Here = or x =
1000 D 10 10 -2
For total internal reflection to take place
or x = 1.22 5 103 m = 6.1 m
1 2 x is of the order of 5 mm.
sinC = =
m 3 142. (d) Resolving power a(1/l).
2 (R.P)1 l 2 5
C = sin1 @ 42 Hence, = =
3 (R.P) 2 l1 4
q < 45
f0
Angle of incidence > critical angle, hence TIR takes 143. (a) = 9 , \ f0 = 9 fe
fe
place
138. (b) Deviation = zero Also f0 + fe = 20 (Q final image is at infinity)
So, d = d1 + d2 = 0 9 fe + fe = 20, fe = 2 cm, \ f0 = 18 cm
(m1 1)A1 + (m2 1) A2 = 0 144. (b) In normal adjustment,
A2 (1.75 1) = (1.5 1) 15 f f 60
M = 0 = 20 , f e = 0 = = 3 cm
0.5 fe 20 20
A2 = - 15
0.75 f 0 f e - 200 1 + 5 = - 48
145. (a) (i) M = - 1 + =
or A2 = 10. fe d 5 25
Negative sign shows that the second prism is inverted (since least distance d = 25cm)
with respect to the first. f 200
(ii) M = - 0 = - = -40
A + d m 60 + 30 fe 5
139. (b) i= = = 45
2 2 b f
146. (b) M = = 0
fe
f 60
\ b = 0 = 2 = 24
fe 5