RB-EG-UE410 Preparation of PFD and EFD/P&ID

Company
Engineering procedure for the preparation of process flow diagrams P-T profiles engineering flow
diagrams utility flow diagrams interconnecting flow diagrams process safeguarding flow diagrams
revamping flow diagrams and line tables

Table of content

1. Introduction
1.1 Purpose
1.2 Concept
1.3 Use
1.4 Types of Diagrams
1.5 Notes

2. Scope

3. General procedure for flow diagram preparation

3.1 Layout and Format

3.2 Symbols and Identification
3.3 Diagram Issues

4. The process flow diagram

4.1 General
4.2 Initial Process flow diagram
4.3 Kickoff Meeting
4.4 Process flow diagram drafting
4.5 Reissues of process flow diagrams
4.6 Computer vision diagram systems

5. The Pressure (p) Temperature (T) profile

5.1 General

5.2 Purpose
5.3 Reissues of P-T Profile
5.4 Computer Vision Diagram Systems

6. The Engineering flow diagrams

6.1 General
6.2 Initial Engineering flow diagram
6.3 Pipelines and pipelines referencing
6.4 Initial flow diagram check
6.5 Diagram review meeting
6.6 Engineering flow diagram drafting

6.7 Reissues of Engineering flow diagrams

6.8 Computer vision diagram systems

7. The utility flow diagrams

7.1 Purpose
7.2 Preparation
7.3 Layout
7.4 Control systems, valves, etc.
 7.5 Equipment
7.6 Example diagram
7.7 Example diagram

8. The interconnecting flow diagrams

8.1 Purpose

8.2 Split of work

8.3 Layout
8.4 Example diagram

9. The process safeguarding flow diagrams

9.1 Introduction
9.2 General consideration
9.3 Purpose
9.4 Timing and preparation of process safeguarding flow diagram
9.5 Presentation

10. The revamping flow diagram

10.1 General
10.2 Updating and Marking engineering flow diagrams

10.3 Example diagram

11. Check list

12. preparation of line tables

12.1 Responsibility
12.2 Format
12.3 Description of Columns
12.4 Procedure
12.5 Computer vision systems
12.6 Sample forms

13. List of related Company standards

14. List of standards other than Company

14.1 General
14.2 U.S.A.
14.3 West Germany
14.4 Great Britain
14.5 France
14.6 The Netherlands
14.7 S.I.P.M.

14.8 Aramco

15. Typical arrangements of equipment installation

15.1 General
15.2 Vessels and columns
15.3 Shell & Tube heat exchangers
15.4 Aircoolers
15.5 Pumps
15.6 Turbines
15.7 Ejectors
 15.8 API
15.9 Control stations

15.10 Utility tie-ins into process lines

15.11 Battery limits installations
15.12 Sample stations
15.13 Safety relief valves
15.14 Burner installations

15.15 Steam trap assemblies

15.16 Instrument purges
15.17 External seal flush and purge
15.18 Cooling rotating equipment

15.19 Flushing oil

15.20 Blowdown systems
15.21 Level instruments and stand pipes
15.22 Instrumentation compressors
15.23 Valve type selection
15.24 General instrument requirements

15.25 Utility header valve requirements

1. Introduction
1.1 Purpose
The purpose of this document is to outline the procedures for the preparation of process flow
diagrams, pressure-temperature profile diagrams, engineering, utility and interconnecting flow
diagrams and special diagrams as revamp flow diagrams and pressure safeguarding flow diagrams.

1.2 Concept
Flow diagrams are highly specialized language for information transfer. They represent the
engineer's concept of how plant equipment should be interconnected. The diagram is almost physical
in a sense, since every piece of equipment, every pipeline, valve and instrument is shown. Diagrams
are used to convey information between groups working on the project and translate the plant design
into real piping and equipment.

1.3 Use
By preparing the diagrams properly, the engineer can convey a great deal of technical information,
quickly and accurately, with a limited amount of paper work.
1.4 Types of diagrams
There are 7 types of flow diagrams:
1.4.1 The process flow diagram (PFD)
The PFD is developed by the process engineering department. Final drafting by the flow diagram
squad.
On this document are given the main process equipment., fluid flows, main control loops and critical
valves. It is a tool for the process engineer(s) to convey information to project and specialist engineers
to design the installation in detail (see fig: 6)
1.4.2 The Pressure Temperature Profile Diagram (PTP)
The PTP diagram is a document prepared by the Process Engineering Department with the purpose
of providing project, control systems and piping engineers with the correct pressure and temperature
correlations between the various piping systems, vessels, exchangers, etc.
The document ensures that proper values are being used for preparation of data sheets, line tables
and other documents as, e.g. painting systems, insulation, etc.

For PTP preparation procedures refer to Standard Specification BN-EG-UE-1 (Design guide for
Pressure and Temperature profile).

1.4.3 The Engineering Flow Diagram (EFD)

On this document are shown all equipment connecting piping, utility piping, complete with control
loops and all other instrumentation, all valves and safety measures. It is the main tool for the project
engineer to convey information to the piping design office and control systems engineering group for
the detailed piping and control systems design (see fig:13)

1.4.4 The Utilities Flow Diagram (UFD)

This document shows how utilities are generated and distributed from the source or supply point to
the various parts of an installation. The diagram shows common control loops, additional equipment
that is deemed necessary to supply the utility as required and the safety measures necessary (see fig:
18). The diagram shall be drawn in accordance with the geographical layout of the plant.

The diagrams are generally divided per generation activity, e.g. steam generation, instrument air,
cooling water, fuel oil, etc. The utility equipment shall be shown. Packaged units to be shown within
heavy dotted line.

1.4.5 The Interconnecting Flow Diagram (IFD)

These diagram are prepared to show the interconnecting lines between various plant units and, e.g.
tank farms, etc.
1.4.6 The Process Safeguarding Flow Diagram (PSFD)
This document shows the correlation of safety devices installed but indicated on separate EFD's. It
highlights the final level of protection provided by the safety systems installed.

This document will be produced on client's request only, e.g. SIPM.

1.4.7 Revamp Flow Diagram (RFD)

Revamping Flow Diagram shall be prepared to indicate which equipment, lines, control loops, etc.
must be demolished, modified, removed or relocated, etc. in a revamping project. The existing
engineering flow diagrams of a plant or unit to be revamped shall be used.

In general two sets of diagrams are to be prepared:

a. An updated existing EFD's version for demolishing purposes RFD's.
b. New as built EFD's
For more details refer to chapter 10

1.5 Notes:
1.5.1 It must be noted that particular instructions given by client or licensor with respect to his
requirements or special requirements covered by any authority decrees shall be observed.

1.5.2 If any of such rules, decrees or instructions exist, these must be mentioned in the Project
Specification.

1.5.3 When these instructions have not been incorporated, the documents produced will be
unacceptable to the client or licensor and/or authorities.
1.5.4 Where in the following text of this Engineering Procedures has been referred to other Company
procedures or standards, this is only true where the Company standards are not conflicting with those
mentioned under par 1.5.1.

1.5.5 To obtain maximum uniformity with regard to line thickness, lettering, symbols, etc. the drafting
on vellums shall be executed by the Flow Diagram Squad.

1.5.6 There is still another flow diagram, prepared by the control systems engineering group,
exclusively for use by process and control systems engineers. This flow diagram is principally a PFD
on which the control system engineer indicates specific instrument physical data: the document is
called: Instrument Data Flow Sheet. It is not further mentioned in this Engineering Procedures.

1.5.7 The examples presented in this Engineering Procedure are taken from actual jobs and include
general Client's requirement. Therefore, the symbols used will not always be identical to the symbols
shown on the legend sheet fig:22

1.5.8 On an EFD, a package unit, e.g. compressor, can be indicated with a heavy drawn block with
reference to one or more vendor flow diagram (process, lube oil, seal oil, water cooling, etc.) which
can be adopted.

2. Scope

2.1 This Engineering Procedure shall be used as a standard for the preparation of precess and
engineering flow diagrams as outlined in para 1.4 of the introduction.

2.2 It shall also be used to edit systematically the text for the project specification on the subject of
flow diagram preparation.

2.3 The purpose of this Engineering Procedure is to provide the engineers with all necessary
information to generate the various diagrams needed with the greatest consistency and efficiency
possible.

3. General Procedure for flow Diagram Preparation

3.1 Layout and Format

3.1.1 Vellums
All formal diagrams shall be drawn on standard A-1 size vellums (vellum size 594x841mm, including
10mm edge). In those cases where the project specifications ask for drafting on client's standard
forms, the size may be different from the A-1 size.

3.1.2 Title block

The PFD, EFD and other diagrams shall bear in the right hand bottom corner of the diagram the
standard Company title block. In cases where project specifications ask for specific use of client's
vellums with client's title block, a standard Company drawing number sticker shall be added to the
drawing for use of Company drawing record (see figure 1a).
Fig. 1a

In cases where client forbids the use of Company drawing number sticker, the Company drawing
number shall be outside the drawing boundary line (see fig:1b).

The title block shall be completed with information as unit number unit name, unit section, drawing
number, and all other information that is necessary to give all drawing-related information.

3.2 Symbols and Identification

3.2.1 For each project the engineering and utility flow diagrams will use the Company standards, if not
overruled by client's licensor's or authority's requirements. These technical documents are:
BN-DS-C1 General information and Explanation of the Company symbols
BN-ES-C1 Standard symbols for Process and Engineering Flow Diagrams
BN-ES-K1 Standard for Identification of Instruments.

3.2.2 All symbols, instrument identifications and abbreviations used must be conform to those shown
in above given standards, unless otherwise noted in the project specification.
In other cases a new legend sheet is to be prepared, which includes the required symbols and
abbreviations. Project shall decide, in consultation with client or licensor, which system has to be
used.

3.2.3 All equipment shown on the process and engineering flow diagram shall be identified with both
name and number as listed on the equipment list.
Placement of titles shall be as follows:
a) Towers, tanks, tubulars, general equipment and other items on or above the upper base line shall
be identified with titles placed across the top of the diagram. In some cases a space shall be provided
to indicate design and/or operating conditions.
b) Pumps, compressors, etc. on the lower base line. Space shall also be provided to give
design/operating conditions, if required.
3.2.4 To save drafting time, the flow diagram squad may make use of preprinted self-adhesive
stickers to be stuck to the front or the back of the flow diagrams. These stickers can be adapted to
any project an requirement.

3.2.5 Sticker samples

3.3 Diagram Issues
3.3.1 Issue numbering
It is of utmost importance that flow diagrams are kept up to date continuously and are regularly to
keep all disciplines informed of the change during the engineering stage.

A release for design issue of flow diagrams shall be made directly after incorporation of Client's
comments. Any further change after this issue mad by the Client shall be a subject for a change
order.

The reissues shall be distributed in accordance with the job document distribution schedule.

All issues shall be numbered, dated and provided with a short description of the reason for reissue in
accordance with QA procedure 006.
Typical example
The issue number shall be in accordance with the required numbering system as given in the job
project procedure.

3.3.2 Revision list

All issues distributed after the preliminary piping materials B.T.O. shall be accompanied by a
revision list on standard form BN-UD-101 List of Revisions.
This list of revisions (change) shall be issued as an addendum to the revised flow dagram. Each new
diagram issue shall be accompanied by such a list of revisions.

3.3.3 Internal Issues

In some cases it may be required to distribute a diagram exclusively for the use within the BBV
organization only.

It shall be clear that the number of such Internal Issues shall be kept to an absolute minimum. It is
even better to have none at all.

In the case however, that an internal issue is necessary, the numbering procedure is as follows:

A circle of 16 mm diameter shall be drawn at the left hand side of the diagram title block and on the
backside of the vellum. The circle shall be divided in two parts by a horizontal line.

An index capital A, B,etc. shall be pencilled in the top half of the circle and the issue date in the
bottom half. Both capital and date on the front side of the vellum. The first internal issue shall be
numbered. A. At the next internal issue the A and date are removed and a B together with the new
issue date shall be written in the reserved places.

To keep properly track of these internal issues, the Project Engineer shall keep a record of the
internal issues. This record is a very important document and can be a key document with regard to,
e.g. material takeoffs.
3.3.4 The revisions shall be indicated by a cloud around the change and with the corresponding
issue number within that cloud. The clouds shall be drawn with an orange colored pencil, e.g. color
code 415, and on the BACK of the vellum. The clouds of previous issues shall be erased before new
revision clouds are drawn on the vellum.

Note:
For changes/revisions on prints a standard BBV practice is to use the following color codes:
a. Equipment, lines, instruments, etc. removed from the drawing indicated with red, color code 426
b. Equipment lines, etc to be incorporated on the drawing indicated with blue, color code 443
c. Equipment lines, etc which are correct may be checked off with yellow, color code 407.
d. Remarks and additional notes which are not to be drawn on the vellum, green, color code 463.

Above color codes refer to the code numbers used by pencil manufacturer Faber-Castell, Gold Faber
pencils. Other manufacturers have not necessarily the same code number system.
Instead of a red color for removing equipment, lines, etc a flesh-colored pencil may be used, which
permits to draw new equipment and lines over the removed equipment. Use for this purpose pencil
Faber-Castell Polychromos, code number 131.

Engineers are instructed to follow above system very consistently.

3.3.5 All changes on the diagrams shall be recorded on a project Master print of the last issue and
kept at hand by the project engineer. All changes and/or additions made by others shall be passed
through the project engineering department. It is the project engineer's responsibility to see that the
diagrams are reissued every one, or at the most, every 2 months to keep all disciplines informed
about latest revisions and changes.

3.3.6 All superseded Project Masters should be kept in the project file to provide a record of events.

3.4 Coordination
3.4.1 Copies of all correspondence, all specifications, all equipment vendor drawings and other
pertinent job documents should be sent to the project engineer so that he may keep abreast of any
and all changes which would affect the diagram. The project engineer shall forward all the relevant
information to the different disciplines.

3.4.2 Any department, when making revisions or additions, which will affect a diagram, is required to
notify the project engineer immediately, preferably in writing or to send hem his master. The project
engineer will pass this information to the process engineer involved and update his master diagram
accordingly for inclusion in the next diagram issue.

3.4.3 Revisions to precess flow diagrams must be brought to the attention of the project engineer. In
this manner the project engineer will keep abreast of all process changes and will be able immediately
to incorporate the changes into the engineering flow diagrams. After this updating by project, the
process engineer will sent his Master Copy directly to the flow diagram squad.

It is necessarily for the process engineer to discuss contemplated changes with the project
manger/engineer before changing the process flow diagram. The effect on fabrication and deliveries
of equipment and/or materials, the client's or licensor's desires and construction schedule should be
carefully considered and increasingly so as the job progresses.

4. The Process Flow Diagram (PFD)

4.1 General
After a project has been awarded the Process Department shall provide all special information
required to commence engineering.

Process shall prepare a hand-sketched draft Process Flow Diagram which can be used for informing
the various disciplines about the work to be performed. This normally is done at a formal kickoff
meeting.
4.2 Initial Process Flow Diagram
The Process Department will prepare a had-sketched initial process flow diagram on preparinted
standard vellums provided especially for this purpose (Form number E-B-UD15) (see example fig:5.)

The use of this sketch is two-fold. The sketch shall be used as a visual aid during the kickoff meeting
and is the basis for the flow diagram squad to start drawing the process flow diagram proper. See
example fig:6

4.3 Kick-off Meeting

4.3.1 Before engineering is started, a conference shall be called by the project manager to discuss
the process and mechanical aspects of the job. This meeting should be attended by the job process
engineer(s), project engineer(s), manager design engineering operations, design engineering
supervisor, lead control systems engineer, lead piping engineer and other lead specialist engineers,
as required.

4.3.2 A detailed explanation of the process shall be given by the process engineer. He outlines
special considerations required for the location of related equipment, both in plan and elevation and
calls attention to pipelines which must be arranged for gravity flow, tow-phase flow, self draining, etc.

At this meeting, the general philosophy of the control systems shall be discussed, particularly what
types of instruments are to be local or remote, which indicators will be trend-recorded, the number of
special analytic instruments, data loggers or other unusual requirements.

The process engineer should emphasize anticipated corrosion or erosion problems, explain the basis
for the selection of materials of construction and review any special problems which must be
considered in the mechanical design of the plant.

It is essential that the project engineer be given a thorough understanding of all process and
operating problems at the project outset. In this way the information given on the initial diagram
Layout will be as complete and accurate as possible.

4.4. Process Flow Diagram Drafting

4.4.1 Before the job starts, the project manager, in consultation with client or licensor, has to decide
which system has to be followed, i.e. all process data, material balance, etc. should be shown on the
process flow diagram proper, or that a separate set of material balance sheet will be prepared.

This information is necessary for the equipment layout on the diagram.

4.4.1 The flow diagram squad starts with the hand-sketched process flow diagram, from which the
process engineer has given the explanations described in para 4.3.1, to make the process flow
diagram on the proper format and with the standard symbols given in BN-ES-CI-1 and BN-ES-KI-
1, or, if necessary, translate the Company symbols into symbols required by the client. This flow
diagram will only be issued to the process engineer in charge to give on a print more information,
such as heat duties, capacities, pressures, temperatures, equipment sizes on towers and drums, and
capacities and P's for pumps.
4.4.3 It is essential to show a process flow diagram as simple as possible as far as mechanical details
are concerned. It has to be avoided to show too many valves, etc. , and only the main instruments
have to be given when laying out a process flow diagram. Ample space shall be provided for process
data such as capacities, pressures and temperatures and instrument data on IDF sheet (see 1.5.6).

4.4.4 When all this information is shown on the process flow diagram, this will be officially issued by
the project manager.
4.5 Reissues of Process Flow Diagrams
During the progress of the project the process flow diagram shall be reissued when necessary with
the purpose of keeping all disciplines properly informed about the changes and corrections
forthcoming during the engineering stage. For issue frequency and numbering see para 3.3 Issues
are distributed in accordance with the job distribution schedule by the Project Department.

4.6 Computer Vision Diagram System

At the time this guide was updated and reissued plans to incorporate the means of producing flow
diagrams by a computerized system were approved. In due time the guide will be updated to include
the necessary information for generating computerized process flow diagrams and pressure-
temperature profile diagrams. For example of such diagram see fig: 7

5. The Pressure-Temperature Profile Diagram (PTP)

5.1 General
The PT profile prepared by the Process Department is basically the process flow diagram on which for
all critical flows through control valves and lines the following data may be given as deemed
necessary for the project.

- Normal operating pressure

- Maximum operating pressure
- Normal operating temperature
- Maximum operating temperature
- Molecular weight
- Design pressure
- Design temperature
- Density
- Viscosity
- Normal flow
- Maximum flow
- Maximum temperature thermal stress
- Maximum shutoff pressure for pumps
- Set pressure of relief valves/break plates
- Differential pressure of pumps.

5.2 Purpose
The PT profile shall be used by all disciplines in order that the use the proper values of pressures and
temperatures applicable to their specific requirements, e.g. pipe stress engineers, control system
engineers, etc.

5.3 Reissues of PT Profile

The process engineer shall keep the data on the PT profile up to data and have the diagram reissued
when necessary by the project manager.

The data on the PT profile must be Certified Final as early as possible, in order to minimize extra
work because of process data changes.

5.5 Computer Vision Diagram Systems

When the computer vision diagram becomes operational (refer to para 4.6) the PT profile shall be
made using the available info to produce a process flow diagram and the required PT profile
data (see example fig: 7)

6. The Engineering Flow Diagrams (EFD)

6.1 General
A simplified block diagram showing the key elements of a systematic approach to flow diagram
preparation is given in figure 8.

6.2. Initial Engineering Flow Diagram

6.2.1 The project engineer shall make the initial diagram layout for the engineering flow diagrams
based on the process flow diagram. He should make the layout free hand and to full scale on the
standard flow diagram vellum E-B-UD15 (see fig 5). The free hand edition should be initialed and
dated by the project engineer and black and white prints distributed to the process and control
systems engineers. See attached example, figure 9.

6.2.2 EFD General Layout

The EFD's shall be laid out with three horizontal zones across the sheet. Across the lower middle
portion of the drawing is the pipe alley containing lines which enter and leave the sheet to other
EFD's in the same unit plus lines running between pumps and other pieces of equipement on the
drawing. Pumps and pump stations shall be located along a line below the pipe alley. All pump
valving shall be lined up. All other equipment shall be located above a base line above the pipe
alley. The general flow scheme shall be read from left to right. Unnecessary line crossing should be
avoided. All line numbers and flow arrow shall line up as far as practical.

General notes for each unit are to be indicated on only the first sheet of the unit. The area above the
title block on this sheet shall be completely left open for notes. Diagrams showing special equipment
such as burner and compressor controls, etc shall have the related special notes on the same
diagram.

6.2.3 Equipment
To be shown on the EFD:
a) Each piece of equipment including spares on the EFD of that particular unit. When an item is to be
physically located inside the area of another unit it shall be so noted, exception may be made for
situations where a large number of identical trains exist.
b) Pump item numbers and titles below the pumps base line. Indicate pump train designation only
under each pump base (e.g. A.B.C.). When spares are required, the last pump of a train shall always
be considered spare.
c) The other equipment item numbers and titles across the top of the flow scheme with the item
number duplicated on or near the piece of equipment at its location on the diagram.
d) The equipment outline as simply as practical, but including all essentials and outlines, e.g. body
flanges, domes, etc.
e) All connections and instruments on equipment. All connections whose purpose is not readily
evident shall have the purpose indicated (examples: spare inlet, UC etc.), and the piping class to be
used for the trim of the equipment.
f) Essential internals shall be shown in phantom so as to clarify the laction of connections relative to
the internals. Vortex breakers are also to be indicated.
h) Motors on pumps only when connected to an interlock.
h) The support for columns and vessels supported by legs or a skirt.
j) A gap in the vessel support where a bottom outlet line crosses a vessel support.
k) Exchangers in side profile, with indication of expansion joints, tube side distribution baffles, etc., if
any. Each shell te be shown and in relative position if stacked.
l) Bundles and fans on airfin coolers shall be shown simplified, but details on louvres, winterizing,
running lights, temperature regulations and piping connections are to be shown if necessary on
separate sketches.
m) A list next to the left hand side of the title block indicating the item numbers of equipment
contained on the particular flow diagram.
n) Vendor-supplied packages only as a dashed/dot box with an outline of the main component(s)
inside. At a proper time the reference drawing numbers are to be added.
o) The relative size of equipment although no to scale.
p) The relative elevation of equipment although not to scale.
q) Critical elevation notes as required.
r) Nozzle size when line size is different, reducers where applicable.
s) Existing equipment, when required, shall be shown with a dash-dot line, and marked EXISTING.
t) Manholes on columns/vessels.
u) Flushing/seal oil systems.
v) Start-up/shutdown lines.

6.3 Pipelines and pipeline referencing

6.3.1 All pipeline branching should be shown in proper sequence.
6.3.2 When lines cross one another, preference should be given to horizontal line, i.e. all horizontal
lines should be continuous and vertical lines broken to cross them.
6.3.3 The procedure for cross referencing of pipelines going from sheet to sheet is as follows:
a) All main and process lines should enter and leave the diagram right or left (see figure 10) . An
exception has to be made for lines coming or going to another unit. Those lines are coming in or
leaving the sheet in a block (2x5cm) below the lowest pump base line (see figure 11).
b) Lines should enter and leave a diagram in a manner consistent with the actual process, where
possible.
c) Whenever possible a line should match its continuation on a following diagram where possible. Line
crossings as shown in fig 10 shall be kept to a minimum.
d) On each side of the flow diagram a dashed line shall be drawn to show from which diagram a line
comes or to which one it goes. References and line numbers should also be added to lines where
they enter or leave the sheet (see fig. 10).
e) A line shall not run across a sheet unless it ties into another line or piece of equipment on that
sheet. It is permitted to skip one or more intervening sheets when running a line from one sheer to
another.
f) All utility lines should be shown on the engineering flow diagram terminating in a diamond which
shows the abbreviation as indicated on the legend sheet (see fig.12). The utility lines shown on EFD's
shall only show instrument, valves, etc. directly related to the connected equipment (see fit. 13). The
utility header valves and instruments will be shown on the utility flow diagram (see fig. 16). Example
of legend, see fig:22.
g) The size of control valves shall be noted, e.g. 2. If equipped with reduced size trim, body
and trim size shall be noted, e.g. 2x1,5.

h) The size of relief valve inlet and outlet connections shall be noted, e.g. 3x4 and must be shown
below the relief valve number, including the set pressure, e.g:
j) The size of any valve not line size shall be noted. Reducers etc. shall be shown.
k) Any valve specified by the project engineer which must be other than a standard type identifiable
by symbols and piping class specification, shall be identified by an MM number assigned by the
material control section.
l) For line numbering refer to section 12.
m) For some instruments, like flow or temperature instruments, a pipeline shall, over a short distance,
be enlarged or reduced as indicated by the instrument engineer.
m) For some instruments, like flow or temperature instruments, a pipeline shall, over a short distance,
be enlarged or reduced as indicated by the instrument engineer.
n) All lines and connections shall show their respective size. In case the actual size is not yet known,
the indicated size shall bear a note 'assumed'.

6.4 Initial Flow Diagram Check

The process and control systems engineer should each review this initial layout and should note on
their copies all corrections and additional information available to them at this phase of development.
Each reviewing engineer should return his copy to the project engineer. The project engineer has to
take over all comments and additional information on the project master copy and return the process
and instrument copies to the engineers concerned, as the keep a record for their own references.

6.5 Diagram Review Meeting

6.5.1 After the process and control system engineer's additions and/or corrections have been
incorporated on the project master copy, the project engineer should hold a conference to discuss
these additions and corrections.

6.5.2 It is important that the diagram be as complete as possible at this stage, however, the progress
should not be retarded by incomplete details which can be added later.
6.6 Engineering Flow Diagram Drafting
The up to date project master copy is then sent to the flow diagram squad of the design engineering
group. The vellum(s) will be updated in accordance with the marked up master copy and prepared for
Issue I (or O or A; according to the project specification) For Client's Comments or For Client's
Approval. A check print of this diagram will be sent to the project engineer for a last review. When
comments of this review have been incorporated, the vellum will be signed and dated in accordance
with procedure QA-006 and released for issue.

6.7 Reissues of Engineering Flow Diagrams

During the progress of the project, the EFD's shall be reissued when necessary with the purpose of
keeping all disciplines properly informed about the changes and corrections forthcoming during the
engineering stage. For issue frequency and numbering , refer tot para 3.3.

6.8 Computer Vision Engineering Flow Diagram System

At the time this guide was updated and reissued, plans to incorporate the means of producing EFD's
by a computerized system were approved. In due time the guide will be updated to include the
necessary information for generating EFD's by computer. For example of such diagrams see fig. 14
and 15.

7. The Utility Flow Diagrams (UFD)

7.1 Purpose
The primary purpose of the utility flow diagrams is to facilitate correct utility line sizing and to give this
information to the piping designer as soon as possible.

7.2 Preparation
The utility flow diagram shall be prepared by the project engineer. A careful check must be made with
the piping squad leader to ensure that the utility flow diagram is consistent with the piping design.

7.7 Layout
Utility flow diagrams are laid out suing format E-BN-UD2. The pipe rack(s) on the vellum should be
shown as a landmark which must be the same on all drawings with the various groups of utilities.
This vellum does not need to be on scale but it must present the various areas items in their relative
geographical locations.

One sheet should be used for each utility system although several services could be shown on the
same sheet if there are few users for each utility. Avoid overcrowding these diagrams, but be sure that
every utility connection and branch is shown.
Additional equipment, if being serviced by any particular utility, should be added to the sheet.
Remember that at a later date a number of service stations (SS ..) have to be added at the
following utility flow diagrams:

Water System Diagram (see fig. 16&17)

- Steam System Diagram
- Plant Air System Diagram.
Note:
Sometimes nitrogen or inert gas Lines are also incorporated in utility stations for purging purposes
(reactors or compressors).

7.4 Control Systems, Valves, etc.

Only piping riot already shown on the engineering flow diagram should be shown on the utility flow
diagram. Instruments and. valves should not be shown on a flow diagram, unless they apply directly
to the utility and are independent of the process (see also 6.3.3, para f).
As an example of this type of exception might be a pressure-reducing controller and its valves from a
high pressure to a low pressure steam header. Care shall be taken that valves are not shown twice,
e.g. on the EFD and on the UFD.
7.5 Equipment
Process equipment shown on the utility flow diagram should be represented by squares of 2 x 2 cm
with the information given as in figure 17. More detail than this is not wanted nor required. The only
equipment to be shown in detail on a utility flow diagram is special utility equipment such as a steam
boiler, a cooling tower, instrument air drier, etc. Packaged units as a part of a complete offsite utility
system, may require a separate utility engineering flow diagram.
7. Figure 16 is an illustration of a utility flow diagram (draft).
7.7 Figure 18 is an illustration of a utility flow diagram when drafted by the flow diagram squad.
7.8 A separate UPD shall be prepared showing detailed sketches for miscellaneous pump piping with
all valves, instruments and safeguarding requirements.
7.9 All Lines and branches shall be sized. U the final size cannot yet be determined, an assumed
size shall be shown and marked as such.
8. The Interconnecting Flow Diagram (IFD)

8.1 Purpose
The purpose of the interconnecting flow diagramis to show how and where various units, that
make up the process plant, are connected with each other. This includes also possible tank
farms, loading areas, other process plants, etc.
The lines that connect the units are normally located on pipe bridges and in trenches. These pipe
bridges and trenches are to be used on the diagram(s) as landmarks and to obtain, as in the case for
utility flow diagrams, a geographical layout. The diagrams shall indicate where at battery limits valve
manifolds are located for distribution, bypass or shutoff purposes.
Also instruments physically located on pipe bridges, in trenches, and at valve manifolds, for as far as
not shown elsewhere on EFDs, shall be indicated.
8.2 Split of Work
Where a project is split in an onsites and an offsites part by others, the diagrams shall also be used
to indicate clearly the location of the split in scope of work.
Standard Company indications on the diagrams under notes:

8.3 Layout
As already mentioned in para 8.1, the layout of the diagram(s) shall follow the geographical layout of
the process plant.
The individual plant units for which a set of ETDs have been prepared, shall be represented by a
block on the drawing. Within this block the name and reference number of the unit shall be given.
Each connecting line to or from this plant unit, either coming from other plant units, tank farm, other
process plants, etc. shall be clearly identified, giving following data as minimum requirement:
a) Fluid name.
b) The pipeline number complete with. index capital, size and line class.
c) A reference to the EFD, UFD, etc. on which the continuation of the pipeline can be found.
All lines shown on the diagram shall be numbered in accordance with Company standards (see
section 12) or in accordance with instruct given in the project specification.
8.4 Fig. 19 is an example of an interconnecting flow diagram.
9. The Process Safeguarding Flow Diagram (PSFD)
9.1 Introduction
Process Safeguarding Flow Diagrams shall only be prepared when asked for in the job project
specification.
Since the Process Safeguarding Flow Diagrams are presently required by only one client, this
Engineering Procedure does not include detailed instructions for the preparation of these diagrams.
Refer to clients instructions when these diagrams are required.
9.2 General Considerations
The PSTD of a process is intended to assist concerned parties in understanding the influence of
safeguarding: protective instrumentation systems on equipment operation and process variables
When PSFD s are prepared, they shall be included in the design book and in the operating manuals
of new units. The diagrams are to be included for instruction purposes in the chapter on
Safeguarding.
9.3 Purpose
The PSFD is NOT a substitute for an Engineering Flow Diagram (EFD) of a particular unit. Often there
are quite a number of EFD's per processing complex and the influence of operational upsets between
one unit and another are not always readily recognized.
The PSPD should therefore clearly show the interrelation between various units and with processing
plants outside battery limit including utilities, relief and blowdown systems, etc. It should high1ight the
effect of one process on another from an equipment protection point of view, as far as potential loss of
containment is concerned.
9.4 Timing and Pre of Process Safeguarding Flow Diagram
The PSFD shall be prepared from the Engineering Flow Diagram by the project engineer.
Modifications to the design automatically mean reassessment of the final level of protection of plant
equipment. It is for this reason that alter modifications it is vitally important that also the PSFD is kept
up to date..
The PSPD is a tool for checking that the unit is adequately protected. In order to save duplication of
work the PSFD should be prepared after the EFDs have been APPROVED, i.e. when the comments
and modifications in the design have been incorporated. However, the PSFD should be correct at the
time the EPD is issued as FINAL.
9.5 Presentation
If possible the PSFD of a unit including its relevant tie-ins with other units, should be confined to one
sheet per unit. Tie-ins with other units nay figure twice, i.e. on the PSFD of each unit.
The same symbols should be used as for a Process Flow Diagram (PTD).
Equipment (vessels, pumps, etc.) and instruments shown should carry their tag-number.
A PSFD of furnaces need not be prepared. Furnace firing control and safeguarding should be on
separate EFD which are adequate in themselves. Only if fuel Tight Shut Off valves are shut by
process signals the TSO valve and the fuel Line may be shown.
10. Revamping Flow Diagrams (RFD)
10.1. General
Before updating of EFDs for a revamp project can be started it must be made absolutely certain that
diagrams are fully in accordance with actual installed equipment and relevant piping systems.
It is therefore necessary that a piping system squad visits the plant area for a site verification. During
such a visit existing EFDs are updated for the involved areas.
10.2 Updating and Marking EFDs
10.2.2. After the site verification has been made the EFD vellums are corrected and handed to
project.
10.2.2 Project is responsible for the preparation of a set of RfD s indicating which pipelines shall be
removed, equipment to be removed, reinstalled, modified, etc.
Prints of the marked up vellums are distributed to inform all disciplines what has to be modified.
A set of piping arrangement drawings can with this information be modified to demolishing drawings.
2.0.3 Marking-up Cede
To obtain uniformity in the marking-up of RFDs the following has been standard practice with
Company.
10.3.1 Pipelines that shall be removed from the existing installation will be crossed out on the RFD as
follows:
10.3.2 Cutting point and tie-in locations are to be indicated by an ellipse with the corresponding
cutting or tie-in number written in it.
New equipment shall be marked X
Modified equipment shall be marked Y
Modified and relocated equipment shall be marked Z
Relocated equipment shall be marked V
10.3.3 The marked up diagrams shall be accompanied by a mark-up list on which all cutting/tie-in
points as well as all equipment shall be noted and numbered.
10.3.4 It shall be noted that the marked up RFDs are to be used for preparation of various basic
documents.
Depending on the complexity of the revamp, new EFDs may be required.
New PFDs and/or EFDs are to be prepared in accordance with guidelines given in chapters 4 and 6.
Care shall. be taken that when new PFD s and EFDs are to be prepared, the old PFD s and EFDs
shall be reissued in full d including that of client, as Deleted.
Note on the diagram: This diagram has been replaced by drawing no.
Marked up RFDs for demolishing purposes shall be marked
For demolishing only
10.3.5 No information on demolishing drawings shall be removed by erasing Only crossing out as
described in para 10.3.1 is permitted.
10.4 Example of Typical Demolishing Diagram Fig: 20.
10.5 Complicated Revamps
For highly complicated revamps, the foregoing procedure may not lead to satisfactory results as the
marked-up RFDs will become unreadable.
In such cases, the following procedure may be considered:
- New EFDs to be prepared from the PFDs in accordance chapter 6.
These EFDS should reflect the situation after the revamp as if a new plant is being built.
- These EFDs will be carefully compared to the EFDs that reflect the existing situation and marked-
up to show which lines, nozzles, instruments etc. can be re-used and which will have to be new.
New equipment and lines will be shown in heavy contours brought on the vellum at the backside to
facilitate removal after the plant has been started-up.
- Demolishing RFDs will be prepared on a reproducible of the existing EFDs by comparing New
EFDs to Existing EFDs. (refer para 10.3.1.)
An example of such new EFDs is given in fig: 21.
- Indicate size of relief valves (control systems engineer).
- Show all valving (excluding sample and. bleeder valves, of instruments).
- Always date any flow diagram when printing, it for issue in accordance with para 3 3.
- Check which lines require steam tracing and select type of steam tracing
- Give equipment numbers shown on diagram in alphabetical order at the lefthand side of drawing title
block.
- Ensure that all lines, branches and equipment connections are sized and shown
11. Check List
- Make all flow diagrams on standard flow diagram vellums (E-BNU15) (fig. 5).
- Provide ample room around all equipment for instrument details, auxiliary piping.
- Use the standard legend sheet 00107A as cover sheet for all flow diagrams on a job (SN-ES-C1-1,
sheet 28-30).
- Use symbols in accordance with instructions in project specification.
- Show equipment in outline form only except internals essential to external piping.
- Show all connections on equipment with size, including spare and blank connections, irrespective of
line size.
- Indicate nozzles on equipment as per vessel sketches, e.g. N1; N2; Kl; K2, etc.
- Check the diagram versus the Company vessel drawing to be sure that all connections are shown in
proper relative location.
- Show important equipment internals in phantom.
- Check correct connections on exchangers versus Company specification and drawing.
- Give sizes of valves which are not line size, show reducers where applicable.
- Show flows entering and leaving equipment as the process engineer intends.
- Put line number and title on each line as it enters or leaves a diagram.
- Number and size all lines on the diagrams as soon as possible. (All process line sizing by process
engineering; all utility, tankfarm, etc. line sizing by project engineering, in consultation with process
where necessary.) An assumption is to be made for lines not yet firm.
- Prepare the line table as the diagrams are being prepared and issue simultaneously.
- Show all instrumentation on the engineering flow diagram that is shown on the process flow
diagram.
- Indicate sizes of all control valves and the size of the bypass, where required.
12. Preparation of line tables
12.1. Responsibility
The project engineer assigned to make the EFDs shall also prepare the line tables required for these
diagrams. He shall obtain all needed information from, e.g. the engineer who prepares the diagrams
for utilities, etc. The project engineer is responsible for the completion of all co1mns on the line tables
with the exception of line sizes for process and flare lines (see pars 12.3.5). Note that some clients
have their own line tables which differ from Company standards.
The operating and maximum service conditions, requirement of tracing and insulation temperature are
filled in by the project engineer and checked by the process engineer.
12.2 Form
The Company standard form BN-UE-l07 will be used for the line table.
Fig: 24
Note:
In the Company organization exists also a standard form BN-UE-108A which is a special Line table
used for Dutch projects subject to Stoomwezen (Dutch Boiler and Pressure Vessels Authorities)
approval. This form will not be discussed in this paper. Refer to example Line table fig. 26.
12.3 Description of Columns
12.3.1 Form Head
In the Form Head the Company project number, title, unit number for Company and client, drawing
and sheet numbers, shall be properly filled out on each sheet.
Issue and date to be filled in every time the line table is issued (refer to para 3.3.1 for descriptions).
The issue of the line table shall be simultaneous with the issue of EFDs. and UFDs.
12.3.2 Fluid column A
The name of the fluid being handled should correspond to one of the fluids Listed in the job piping
specification BN-SP-C2 so that a suitable class specification can be selected. The same name should
be used consistently throughout all the lines in the same service. Names should be abbreviated t
letters whenever possible, e.g. CW, STM. These abbreviations must e the same as used on the P&I
Legend Sheet (see fig; 22).
12.3.From and To columns B and C
Origin and destination of a line should be simple but clear, e.g.

From To

Line P10112 PP1001

AS1001 Line P10122

TT1003 PP1002

East B.L. AS1001

12.3.4 Line number column D

The project engineer shall assign basic numbers according to the following procedure.
A Line number shall consist of a letter followed by a five-digit number. The first two digits shall be the
unit number followed by a sequence number.
Process unit lines shall be assigned in sequence number blocks wherever possible, and referenced
as a block on the Line table cover sheet. For example, reactor area lines might be numbered. . 101 to
200.
Process line numbers shall, have the letter prefix P.
Utility Line numbers and other non-process lines shall have a letter prefix according to the following
code, with further sequence number block assignments preferable for different levels of steam, etc.
A001 to A999 Air
C001 to C999 Condensate
D001 to D999 Drains, Blowdown, etc.
F001 to F999 Fuel Oil, Gas
G001 to G999 Inert Gas or Nitrogen
K001 to K999 Chemicals
R001 to R999 Refrigerant
S001 to S999 Steam (all levels)
V001 to V999 Vent and Relief Headers
W001 to W999 Waters (cooling, tempered, potable, boiler, feed, etc.
Each Line shall in principle have only one origin and one destination. A pump and spare require a
total of four Line numbers, one to each suction, and one from each discharge, however, one should
take into account that, where possible, a minimum of isometrics drawings by APD system shall be
obtained. By giving line numbers, the project engineer shall take into account which system for
isometric drawing production is applicable.
It is riot necessary to have a separate number for control valve bypasses, or when a line changes
class, per the Latest APD system.
Note:
On some projects it is permitted to have after every 10 or 15 line numbers some spare line numbers
reserved. This to obtain maximum continuity in the line numbering when during the engineering phase
of the project lines have to be added..
12.3.5 Line size column E
Sizes for process and flare system Lines are determined by the responsible process engineer. Sizes
for utility and other non-process lines are determined by the responsible project engineer who in some
cases may consult the process engineer and request to review or even assume complete
responsibility for some non-process lines..
Whenever such a split of work is desired it shall always be at the discretion of the project manager.
Line sizing shall be done in accordance with the criteria given in the Process Standard Data Book.
The process and project engineers shall carefully check, their calculations after the actual piping
configuration has been determined.
12.3.6 Material class - column F
Classes shall be assigned for each lines depending on the fluid being carried, and its required design
pressure and temperature. The selection of a suitable piping material for corrosive fluids is made by
the piping engineer after consultation with project and/or process engineer. Consideration of
conditions other than maximum service as enumerated in 12.3.10 below must be undertaken to
properly classify lines.
12.3.7 Schedule number - column G
The wall thickness is the thickness indicated in the piping specifications, as a pipe schedule. For
standard pipe classes it is not necessary to fill in this column. However, the wall thickness should be
included for all special services such as:
Boiler code piping
Special high temperature or high pressure piping
Services requiring unusual corrosion allowances.
12.3.8 Operating temperature - column H
This is the temperature of the fluid during normal continuous operation. This temperature will be the
basis for setting the insulation thickness, unless a special note is included in the remarks column, by
the process engineer or project engineer.
12.3.9 Operating pressure column H
This is the pressure occurring simultaneously with the. stated operating temperature.
12.3.10 Maximum service temperature and pressure - column J
These are the most severe temperature and pressure conditions occurring simultaneously during
continuous operation of the plant. If there are more severe conditions not occurring simultaneously or
not associated with plant operation, they should be stated separately as different design conditions
(see 12.3.10 (a) below)
The maximum service temperature and pressure are used in the selection of the piping class. In all
situations where the conditions are close to the upper limits of a class or force the use of a higher
class than that required by the operating conditions, the conditions and class selection should be
reviewed by the process engineer and forwarded to the piping engineer.
The maximum service temperature is and pressure are used in the design for the pipe expansion and
for painting, unless a higher, non-simultaneous temperature controls.. In this case, the higher
temperature should be stated separately per paragraph. above. Special attention shall be given to
flare lines, which may become very hot over short periods.
(a) Other maximum conditions
The conditions affecting design of lines other than normal operating temperature and pressure must
be recorded, if they affect design or insulating of lines in the remarks columns or in an addendum to
the line table. This applies to emergency conditions, start-up, shut-down, steam-out, preconditioning
decoking, reactivation, pump shut off head, thermal expansion of fluids, steam tracing, or evacuating
by vacuum, heat conservation dictated by process and oat economics.
The acceptable temperature for steam-out temperature at nearly atmospheric pressure is 120C. This
applies to any supply steam temperature.
When steam tracing is used, a differential temperature of 25C can be allowed between steam
condensate temperature and pipe wall temperature.
(b) Code statement on operating and maximum service conditions
(Excerpt from American National Standard Code for Pressure Piping - Petroleum Refinery Piping
ANSI B31 .3.)

302.2. Normal Operating Conditions

For normal operation, the design pressure and. temperature shall not be greater than the pressure-
temperature rating of the components. In the absence of such rating, the design pressure shall not
result in stress exceeding the allowable stress for the material, at the temperature.
302.2.4 Allowances for Variations from Normal Operating Conditions
Variations in the temperature and pressure, or both, from normal operating conditions are
characteristics of certain services. If these variations are infrequent and of short duration, the
pressure-temperature ratings (or the allowable stresses) of the piping components may be adjusted
as follows:
(a) If the increased operating condition will riot exceed 10 hours at any one time or 100 hours per
year, it is permissible to increase the pressure rating (or the allowable stress) at the temperature
existing during the increased operating conditions, by a maximum of 33%.
(b) If the increased operating condition will not exceed 50 hours, at any one time or 500 hours per
year, it is permissible to increase the pressure rating (or the allowable stress) at the temperature
existing during the increased operating condition by a maximum of 20%
Special consideration should be given to the above allowances when setting maximum service
conditions.
Cyclic operation
In many chemical processes, lines and equipment are subject to planned cyclic changes in pressure
and/or temperature. Frequently these operations are controlled by means of elaborate cycle timers.
The selection of line materials and the design of the whole piping system demands a full and accurate
description of the cyclic operation in terms of times, temperatures and pressures of all equipment and
piping elements,
To provide this information to all concerned, a full set of explanatory notes and time-sequence
diagrams should be incorporated into the line table as an addendum and issued with it. The maximum
service conditions will be shown n the addendum rather than in the line table for the lines affected.
12.3.11 Testing column L
The test pressure shall be calculated according to ANSI B31.3 requirements, except for non-critical,
non-hazardous services, where service testing is acceptable. Typical examples of lines that may be
accepted with service tests are low pressure, large diameter ducts; low pressure steam, cooling
water; condensate; and instrument air. The project engineer shall complete this section, adding the
test media and obtaining client approval for service test plans.
12.3.12 Tracing type - column L
The type of tracing or jacketing should be added according to the symbols defined on the P&I Legend
Sheet, Drawing No. BN-. . . -00107A (fig: 22). On jobs requiring extensive tracing, additional columns
should be added to the applicable line table sheets to indicate Thermon Grade and Steam Pressure.
12.3.13 Insulation and paint code columns M and N
Insulation thickness and painting code shall be filled in in accordance with applicable job number and
R specification.
12.3.14 Flow diagram number - column 0
The flow diagram number on which the corresponding line appears (originates) shall be filled in.
12.3.15 Remarks - column P
Space reserved for additional information
12.4 Procedure
12.4.1 The project engineer prepares the line table in accordance with paragraph 12.3.2, 12.3.3 and
12.3.4 above. He then issues the format to the process engineer.
12.4.2 The process engineer adds the line size and checks the operating temperature, operating
pressure, and maximum service temperature and pressure on the Line table prints and returns the
forms to project for interim use by project or design.
12.4.3 The Project engineer adds the material class based on the maximum service conditions.
Note:
When high pressure and/or temperature indicate the selection of alloy materials the project engineer
is expected to recheck line velocities and maximum operating conditions and governing design
conditions with process to assure the most economical line size and class specification. Sometimes a
small extra pump head is cheaper t an increase in line size. Sometimes maximum service conditions
or governing design conditions are at first set too much above operating conditions resulting in
unnecessarily high pipe class specification ratings.
12.4.4 Project completes the table for issue, according to QA-O06.
12.4.5 Revisions are made according to 12.3.1.
12.4.6 For revamp jobs, the project engineer must include all lines affected by the revamp on the
LDT.
12.5 Computer Vision System
At the time of reissue of this procedure the plans to incorporate the computer vision system has been
approved.
When the system becomes operational then also the line tables are to be produced by using the
information stored in the computer memories.
Detailed instructions will be incorporated in this procedure in due time when more information
becomes available.
For example of such computer produced line table see fig. 27.
Sample Forms
Figure 23 is a sample line table cover sheet with notes
Figure 24 is a sample line table sheet. Form BN-UE-107A.
Figure 25 is a sample line table sheet. Form BN-UE-107B (for other than ISO units)
Figure 26 is a sample line table sheet. Form BN-UE-108A (for use by Dutch Boiler and Pressure
Vessel authorities).
Figure 27 is a sample line table produced by Computer Vision method.
List of Related Company Standards
BN- EG UE-1 Pressure ad Temperature Profile
BN-EG-UE-2 General Rules to Establish Mechanical Design Pressures and Temperatures.
BL-EP-206 Equipment Numbering
BC-EP-210 Preparation of P&I and Utility Diagrams
BL-EP -210A Preparation of Flow Diagrams (PFD, P&I, UDD)
BL-EP-210B Preparation of Flow Diagrams (P&I, PFD, UFD)
BL-EP-210C Preparation of Flow Diagrams (line numbering and tables)
BL-EP-210D Preparation of Flow Diagrams (determination mechanical design conditions)
BA-EP-377 Instrumentation Symbols and Identification
14. LIST OF STANDARDS OTHER THAN COMPANY
14.1 General
This list does not pretend to be complete. It only serves to guide the project engineer through the
maze of many documents issued by government authorities and companies.
Before any drafting shall be started it is good practice to check which documents are applicable and
that the latest issues of these are at hand.

14.2. U.S.A.
ANSI Z-32.2.3 Graphic. Symbols for Pipe Fittings, Valves and Piping
ANSI Y-32.11 - 1961 Graphic Symbols for Process Flow Diagrams in
ASME K40 Petroleum and Chemical Industries
ISA SS.1. Instrumentation Symbols and Identification.
14.3 West Germany
DIN 19227 Blatt 1- Graphic Symbols and Identifying Letters for Process Measurement and Control
Functions.
Part 2 Measurement and Control, Graphical Symbols and Identifying Letters for Process
Measurement and Control Functions; Symbols for Instruments.
Part 3 Measurement and Control, Graphical Symbols and Identifying Letter for Process Measurement
and Control Functions; Symbols for Basic Functions.
DIN 28004 Part 1 Flow Sheets and Diagrams for Process Plants, Types of Flow Sheets, Informative
Content.
Part 2 Flow Sheets and Diagrams for Process Plants, Drawing Instructions.
Part 3 Flow Sheets and Diagrams for Process Plants, Graphic Symbols.
Part 4 Flow Sheets and Diagrams for Process Plants, Assignments of Item Numbers and Piping
14.4 Great Britain
BS 1553 Specification for Graphic Symbols for General Engineering
Part 1 Piping Systems and Plants
BS 1646 Symbolic Representation for Process Measurement Control Functions and Instrumentation
Part 1 Basic Requirements (equal to ISO 3511/1)
BS 5536 Specification for Preparation of Technical Drawings and Diagrams for Microfilming
14.5 France
AFNOR Z-09-0l0 Engineering and Design Documents, General Users Guide
NF X 02-105 Symbols for Liquid Mechanics
NF E 04-202 Graphic Symbols for Chemical Engineering
Note:
There are a lot more French standards issued. Before starting drafting the diagrams check which
standards are applicable.
14.6 The Netherlands
Ontw. 2195 Technical Drawing Symbols for Process and Engineering Flow Diagrams
NEN 3157 Technical Drawing Instrument Symbols. Basic Symbols for the Process Instrumentation
NEN 3347 Technical Drawing Instrument Symbols Advanced Symbols for Process Instrumentation
14.7 S.I.P.M.
DEP 31.10.03.10-Gen. Symbols and Identification System Mechanical
DEP 32.10.03.10-Gen. Symbols and Identification System Instrumentation
14.8 Aramco
AE5-J.4 Identification and Symbols, Section IV, Index A, Drafting Manual
DA-299407 Symbols and Abbreviations
DA-299408 Instrument Symbols
DA-299409 Instrument Identification.

15. TYPICAL ARRANGEMENTS OF EOUIPMENT INSTALLATION

15.1 General
In this addendum a number of typical equipment installations are given which are common in many
industrial plants.
It does not pretend to be 100% complete and only serves as a guide to obtain maximum uniformity.
For each project this addendum needs to be updated in accordance with clients, licensors or
authoritys requirements.
The updated version of this addendum may be made part of the chapter on flow diagram preparation
in the project specification.
It should be noted that some clients use the word Scheme instead of Diagram. The latter being the
indication used by Company.
If the word Scheme is standard for a particular client, then the text of the addendum must be adapted
accordingly before it shall be used in the project specification.
15.2 Typical Installations for Vessels and Columns
Notes:
(1) Indicate all nozzles shown on the equipment data sheet.
(2) Provide spectacle blinds at nozzles
(a) 10 inches and larger
(b) where piping is obviously rigid.
Note:
Add spectacle blinds in other lines which are designed rigid, during detailed engineering phase).
The general philosophy is to blind at equipment nozzles for maintenance operations. Spectacle blinds
are not required for reboiler/column connections where operation is not possible without the reboiler.
(3) Provide a valved drain for all columns and vessels. Generally this valve is to be located on the
bottom line outside the skirt and between the vessel and the first pipeline shutoff location (valve or
blinding flange). The drain valve shall be located on the bottom of the vessel when:

(a) No bottom line is present, or

(b) The bottom line is not flush with the lowest point of the vessel.
(4) Provide a valved vent for all columns and vessels on the top of the vessel.
(5) Vessel/column TI shall be located on the top outlet line.
(6) Vessel/column PI shall be located on the piping if no upstream block valve is provided on the
piping.
(7) Relief valves shall be generally located on the top outlet line downstream of the vessel blinding
location.
(8) Provide utility connections on all vessels/columns.
Note:
During detailed engineering, size per Project Specification.
(9) Legs shall be indicated by drawing one leg
(10) Skirts shall be indicated by drawing two such lines.
(11) Indicate, all nozzle sizes and show piping class to be used for trimming.
Notes:
(1) Exchanger symbol (a floating head exchanger is shown here).
(2) Generally direction of flow - cooled media downflow, heated media upflow.
(3) Isolation valves shall be provided on inlet and outlet lines where maintenance can be performed
on the exchanger with the unit operating.
(4) Provide spectacle blinds at inlets and outlets where maintenance valves have been provided in
process and steam services, and the line is l0 or larger. Provide no spectacle blinds for cooling water
services.
(5) Provide thermal expansion protection (generally in the outlet line) of liquid-fiiled services with
heating media on the opposite side, when the stream can be blocked in by valves.
(6) Shell and channel piping shall be provided with a valved vent connection and a drain connection
unless venting and draining can be done via other equipment.
(7) Indicate exchanger vent and drain connections per equipment data sheets and provide valves.
(8) Valved utility connections shall be provided where requested by the client for fouling process
services. (Valved utility connections may be also required for cooling water services). The utility
connections may also serve as the pipeline vent and drain. Flushing oil shall not be hard-piped to
these connections.
(9) Consider to provide an inlet and outlet multipoint TI to monitor the process side of each exchanger
service. If, in order to perform one service multiple bundles are used in series or parallel arrangement,
provide TWs on the outlet of each bundle (except for the last bundle in a series arrangement). For
water-cooled exchangers provide in the water outlet a TW where manual control exists, or a multipoint
TI where automatic control exists. Where practical, locate temperature instruments between the
exchanger bundle and its isolation valves. Do not duplicate with TIs required for other reasons.
(10) Provide PI on process streams entering and leaving exchangers or groups of exchangers as
required (Non-fouling services will generally not require the PI). Provide a local PI in steam services
between the control valve and the exchanger inlet, facing the control valve.
(II) Route thermal expansion discharges to grade, funnel, or closed system as required.
(12) Backwash connections are not required in any service.
(13) At exchangers with circulating heat transfer media (CW, TW, SW, etc.), indicate the outlet valve
as a throttling valve with the basic symbol. During detailed engineering, select appropriate valve,
depending upon size and actual pressure drop requirements to balance the system flows.
(14) Provide permanent flush oil supply and return lines on all exchangers handling crude, long
residue, short residue, light waxy distillate and heavy waxy distillate. Utility connections shall be
replaced by flushing oil connections for above exchangers.
(15) For each case the execution of the exchanger installation is subject to instructions from the
process group. e.g. the application of a kettletype exchanger for reboiler or the use of a thermssyphon
type reboiler. Also special considerations to be given for two phase flow exchangers. As well as the
location of the equipment with regard to selfdraining, accessibility etc., etc.
(16) Indicate all nozzle sizes and show piping class to be used for trimming.

15.4 Typical Air Cooler Installation

Notes:
(1) If possible, indicate only one bundle and one fan for each air-cooled exchanger service, but make
sure that details on winterizing, running lights, temperature regulations, etc. are clearly shown. Use
the forced draft s when the configuration is unknown.
(2) When multiple bundles are anticipated, indicate headers in the lines and all inline items and
instruments required for each individual bundle between the piping header and the bundle nozzle(s).
(3) Provide isolation valves in corrosive and fouling services where individual bundles can be repaired
and maintained with the unit operating.
(4) Indicate valved vents and valved drain connections for each bundle header. Number of
vents/drains in accordance with clients requirements. Often 2 valved vents and 2 valved drains are
provided on each headerbox for complete venting and draining. Same valves are used for flushing,
chemical cleaning etc.
(5) Provide spectacle blinds at inlets and outlets where maintenance valves have been provided and
the line is 10 or larger, or where piping is obviously rigid.
(6) Provide an inlet and an outlet multipoint TI to monitor the process side of each airfin service. Do
not duplicate with TIs required for other reasons. If in one service multiple bundles are used provide
TWs on the outlet of each bundle.
(7) Indicate auto variable hub as shown. Write the air failure position on the signal line when
applicable (e.g. max. pitch during air failure).
(8) Indicate louvres when required. Show hand control unless otherwise specified.

15.5 Typical Pump Installation

Notes:
(1) Provide an isolation valve in the suction line of each pump normally a manual valve (see note 13
for remote operated valve). Rating of suction valve shall be indentical to the rating of the discharge
valve, except in the case of multi-stage pumps.
(2) Provide an isolation valve in the discharge line of each pump.
(3) Provide a check valve in the discharge line unless there is no possibility of reverse flow (check
valve, SB and isolation valve to be mounted without spool piece).
(4) Provide a " bypass/drain from the check valve to the pump discharge line when:
(a) The design temperature exceeds 230C.
(b) The process fluid solidifies at ambient conditions.
(c) The process fluid is corrosive or toxic (to drain downstream of check valve).
(5) Provide a PI on the discharge of each pump between the pump and the discharge check valve.
Locate on the check valve bypass line when possible.
(6) Provide for removal of solids from process stream a strainer in the suction line of each pump. (Y
type is preferred)
For coarse or plentiful solids during start-up, a temporary cone type strainer is installed instead.
Note:
Strainers 6 and larger shall have a one inch drain valve indicated during detailed engineering.
(7) Provide spectacle blinds at the pump isolation valves when more than one pump is installed on a
common suction and/or discharge line.
(8) Valve the casing drain only on pumps requiring casing flushing or where connection to a closed
drain system is required. For all other pumps do not valve casing drains - provide blind/blank at casing
drain.
(9) Provide a valved discharge line vent on pumps:
(a) Container butane or lighter process fluid (see note 15). Pipe vent line to flare (liquefied gases).
(b) When the pump operates with fluid-temperature close to boiling point. Pipe vent Line back to
suction vessel with valves at each end of the line, or piped to blowdown system.
(c) When the suction vessel operates under vacuum.
Pipe vent Line back to the suction vessel with a valve at each end of the Line.
(10) Indicate flushing oil supply and return as shown to pumps requiring flushing oil (refer to section
15.19 for hook-up details).
(11) Indicate external seal. flushing fluid as shown to pumps requiring external sea flushing (refer to
section 15.17 for hock-up details). Internal seal and/or cooling systems provided by pump vendor are
not to be shown.
(12) Indicate water cooling supply and return as shown to pumps requiring water cooling (refer to
section 15.13), either for bearings, seals or pedestal.
(13) Provide a remotely operated shutdown system on pumps where required. This remotely operated
shutdown system includes an ROVon the pump suction, and a shutdown signal to the pump motor.
No board mounted running light is required for the motor. For automatic starting standby equipment a
running alarm light is required.
(14) Indicate the local emergency shutdown station. During detailed engineering this may be located
on a local panel at a safe distance. In case of a local alarm panel with a common alarm in the control
room, the common alarm should not be blocked by the standby equipment but should have the
possibility to be cleared by pushing the local reset and the control room reset.
(15) For LPG pumps the vent to the flare shall have block, bleed, blind and thermal expansion
protection as indicated. A note for detailed engineering will require that a flanged valve be provided
downstream of the thermal expansion valve to allow for blinding. During detailed engineering, only
when essential, locate vent line on pump casing for positive fillling before the pump is started.
(16) For pumps handling hot products which will oxidize when brought into contact with the
atmosphere, indicate a steam quench on the mechanical seal as shown. The steam let down system
will be shown on Utility Flow Diagrams.
(17) Consider a typical pump piping hock-up diagram, showing repeating details, to simplify the
general diagrams.

15.6
Typical Turbine Installation (Special Purpose Turbine with Manual Startup)
Notes:
(1) Indicate turbine symbol with normally supplied governor (SC) system, trip (SX) system and inlet
strainer. Do not indicate normally supplied sentinel relief valve.
(2) Provide a relief valve between the turbine exhaust and the outlet isolation valve.
(3) Provide an isolation valve on all turbines exhausting to a steam header.
(4) Provide an isolation valve on all turbine inlet lines (to be provided in addition to the turbine
trip/throttle valve).
(5) A second isolation valve and spectacle blind is to be provided in the inlet line at the header
(upstream of the FR).
(6.) Provide a spectacle blind at the isolation valve in the exhaust line in all cases (a second valve is
not to be provided at the header).
(7) Provide a warming bypass around the inlet isolation valve with one isolation valve and one
throttling valve as indicated.
(8) Provide inlet and outlet PT on all turbines in the location shown.
(9) Provide inlet and outlet TI on all turbines in the location shown.
(10) Consider an inlet FR on all turbines in the location shown. Do not duplicate with unit limits FRQ in
the case of a single consumer inside one unit.
(11) A casing trap station is not required for manual startup turbines.
(12) Indicate the existence of valved drains and leak-off lines from turbines.
(13) Inlet separators are not required in the inlet line because a warming bypass is being included
around the inlet isolation valve for startup.
(14) Indicate requirements for an inlet line steam trap station (with drain) upstream of the isolation
valve by use of a note as shown.
(15) When required, indicate remote shutdown.
(16) For automatic starting turbines indicate the on/off startup valve at this location and include a
steam trap assembly for the casing drain.
(17) Manual shutdown functions to be shown as HSA with alarms on main and local panel (also
applicable to compressors).
(18) For compressors, show temperature indication on local panel(s) with remote (main) panel alarm
on compressor discharge applications as high temperature alarm only. No indication on local panels.
(19) Additional instrumentation may be required to be shown, according to the equipment actually
supplied.
Note:
The final EFD shall show instrumentation and all appurtenances as supplied by equipment vendor
and Company. e.g. vibration/proximeter instruments hooked up to shut down system etc.
(20) For complicated systems a separate diagram for the turbine control may be considered with a
block shown on the normal EFD or UFD.
15.7 Typical Ejector Installation

Notes
(1) Large ejectors shall normally be provided as two units (e.g. 1/3 and 2/3 capacity).
(2) Provide isolation valves on the inlet but not the outlet of each jet. Spectacle blinds are not
required.
(3) Provide a PI on the process common inlet line.
(4) Provide an isolation valve on the steam inlet to each jet - not a throttling valve.
(5) For the intercondensers and aftercondensers apply the requirements of section 11.3 with the
following exceptions
(a) No multipoint TI is required on the process inlet.
(b) No multipoint TI is provided on the process vapor outlet.
(6) Provide a dual Y strainer station in the common steam line supplying a group of jets.
(7) Provide a check valve in the co steam line supplying a group of jets.
(8) Provide a PI on the con steam inlet manifold.
(9.) For each ejector system (intercondensers and aftercondenser) only one common inlet valve and
thermal e valve is required. Individual outlet valves are required.
(10) Provide an FE on the common steam inlet manifold. During detailed engineering, provision of an
FR or FRS to be considered, as required, depending upon steam balance considerations.
Note:
Special attention shall be given to ejector sets with special requirements. Such as recycle line, or
when combined with a vacuum pump, etc. Also consider the safety requirements with regard to flame
arrestor, seals, flashback, etc.
15.8 Typical API Tank Installation

Notes:
(1) Individual tank requirements will be determined by the process and the contents, and by the
requirements of the refinery operation.
(2) Single temperature measurement only if required.
(3) Averaging temperature measurement if required.
(4) For slops tanks special arrangements to be made.
(5) Large storage tanks (e.g. floating roof) and LPG tanks shall be carefully equipped with required
instrumentation, fire protection systems or sprinkler systems.
Note:
Each tank shall be analyzed carefully for the characteristics of the product being stored. Special
requirements may be required such as:
a. Heating cost (heavy stock)
b. Wall tracing (Sulphur storage)
c. Pressure tanks (LPG spheres)
d. Vapour recovery systems (Benzene)
e. Hazardous products. (VCM, Acryl)
etc.

15.9 Typical Control Station

Sequence of preference:

Notes:
(1) Provide an upstream isolation valve for all control valves unless the upstream system is to be
shutdown on control valve failure.
(2) Provide a downstream isolation valve whenever the downstream side of the control valve cannot
be isolated from other continuously operating pressure sources.
(3) Provide a drain valve upstream of all control valves.
(4) Provide a drain valve downstream of the control valve only when the process fluid is toxic or
corrosive.
(5) Provide block and bypass arrangement per B, above, when:
(a) Line size is obviously 2 and less, unless high pressure service requirements dictate otherwise.
(b) Unsafe conditions, undue loss of efficiency, or unacceptable plant disturbance would be caused by
loss of the control valve.
(c) In services that are flashing, corrosive, at high temperature, or at high differential pressure.
(6) Provide a handwheel on all control valves not having a bypass except where undesirable (e.g.
solenoid shutdown of the control valve is provided).
(7) Bypass valves shall be indicated as a globe valve unless the line is 8 or larger. Size not to be
larger than control valve capacity.
Note:
Where a control valve is smaller than line size, the line reducers shall also be shown on the EPD.
(Refer 6.3.4.3 j)
Drains in liquefied gas service shall be executed with 2 drainvalves approx. 0.5m apart to prevent
hydration.

15.10 Typical Utility Tie-in to Process ( for Steam and Nitrogen only)

Notes:
(1) The isolation valve may be omitted if the process line is open to the atmosphere.
(2) A check valve is to be provided.
(3) Provide a drain upstream of the check valve.
(4) Indicate branch header block valves (ref. Section 15.25).
Control facilities or equipment, if any, shall be located between this block valve and the downstream
check valve.
(5) Provide spectacle blind and block valve for N2 service.
(6) In vacuum service provide a blind flange at the drain valve.
(7) Tie-in details for other utilities to be determined as required.

15.11 Typical Unit Battery Limits Installation

Notes:
(1) Provide for each process line an isolation valve, spectacle blind, drain and pressure indicator as
shown above.
(2) Consider a flow recorder integrator (FRQ) for each process stream entering and leaving each unit.
Do not duplicate measuring elements in the same stream within one Block area.
(3) Provide a multipoint TI on all process streams leaving a unit and where a flow integrator is
provided. Do not duplicate with TIs required for other purposes. Generally locate the TI downstream
of the FRQ.
(4) Requirements for utility headers (including steam bypass valves) are as indicated on the Utility
System UFD (above installation is for process lines).
(5) Generally, provide a sample station for all products leaving and entering a unit. See section 15.12
for sample station arrangements (adjacent units without long transfer lines may not require the
station).
(6) Liquid product streams leaving units shall be piped at the unit limits to the dry slops header as
shown for start-up (off-spec) operation (Tie-in from the dry slops line to the recirculation header will be
indicated on the slops system EFD).
(7) The above are general guidelines only. Consideration shall be given to the possibility of avoiding
duplication of some or all of the above hardware on adjacent units.
(8) Unit battery limit abbreviation (UBL) shall not be used at utility/common facility diamonds.
(9) Block battery limit stations shall be shown on interconnecting lines diagram (IFD).
15.12 Typical sample stations
Type A (for cold liquids below the boiling point)
Type B ( for liquids above 80c, or above boiling point, low viscosity, low pour point)

Type C (for liquid above 80c, high viscosity or high pour point)
Type D ( For LPG and gas up to 30 bars)

Type E ( for LPG and gas above 30 bars)

Notes:
(1) When valve A is accessible from the same location as valve C, the valve B is not required and
for sample system type C the return line is not required.
(2) During detailed engineering select appropriate valve types for isolation and throttling services.
(3) Minimum distance. No bends allowed.

15.13 Typical Safety Relief Valve Installation

Notes:
(1) A typical relief valve to flare with spare position is indicated. For other installations provide only the
following:
(a) Safety Relief to Atmosphere
No Upstream Isolation Valve is required.
(b) Thermal Expansion to Closed System
Provide a Downstream locked open Isolation valve.
(c) Thermal Expansion to Open system
No valves required.
(d) Safety Relief to Flare (without spare position)
Provide a downstream locked open isolation valve.
(2) Indicate only one relief valve even when multiple valves are anticipated.
Note:
Actual number and size of relief valves shall be determined during detailed engineering phase.
(3) Provide inlet and outlet isolation valves with Castell lock system or similar approved system.
(4) When required provide a spare relief valve location as indicated above.
Note:
The inlet and cutlet valves are normally closed but require locked open facilities when the PSV is
installed.
(5) Provide a bursting disc in vacuum service or where required in hazardous service (e.g. VCM). The
bursting disc shall be provided with a downstream PI. The spare position spool piece shall also be
provided with bursting. disc-holder only and a PI. Pressure alarm between the bursting disc and relief
valve only when required.
(6) Spare position shall normally not be provided with a safety relief valve
(7) Provide a spool piece with valved bleeder bet the PSV inlet and the upstream isolation valve when
a rupture disc is provided. The bleed connection is not required when a PI is provided (can bleed
through PI connection).
(8) Process relief valve discharges shall generally be piped to the HC flare. The ADIP and Sulphur
unit relief valve discharges shall be piped to the H2S flare. Relief valve discharges from flammable
and hazardous liquids s be piped as required.
Thermal e valves in process service shall discharge back to low pressure process when possible.
Thermal expansion valves in non-hazardous water service shall discharge to atmosphere at a safe
location (grade) and to a funnel when discharge is hot.
(9) Show relief valve number and rupture disc number.
(10) Give relief valve or rupture disc identification number.
(11) Give relief valve or rupture disk size indication.
(12) Show relief valve and rupture disc set pressure.
15.14 Typical Burner Installation
A. Natural Draft Gas Fired Heaters
B. Forced Draft (combined fuel oil and fuel gas fired steam boilers)
B. Forced Draft (combined fuel oil and fuel gas fired steam boilers)
Notes:
(1) During detailed engineering phase the trial-for-ignition time for each furnace shall be determined.
If found to be less than 30 seconds special safeguarding measures are to be proposed for review by
clients safety engineer for approval.
(2) During detailed engineering, locate burner control system (PCV and TS0) alongside operating
platform of relevant furnace.
(3) Provide a FSA as shown when a waste gas safeguarding system is to be provided.
(4) The given examples on previous sheets are only typical and are meant as a general guide.
Control engineering depends largely on size of boiler or heater, type of burners, and governmental
requirements. In each case the system should be very carefully observed.
(5) The concept of this guide does not permit inclusion of all firing and protection possibilities.

15.15 Typical Steam Trap Assembly

Notes:
(1) A bypass is required only at heat exchange equipment in continuous service and inside buildings.
The bypass is not required in line traps and tracing traps.
(2) Equipment producing condensate shall be provided with a full capacity drain.
(3) This symbol is used here as a basic symbol.
(4) Downstream drain also serves as a test connection.
15.16 Typical Instrument Purge
Notes:
(1) During detailed engineering, the data for purge instrumentation shall be numbered and specified.
(2) A bleed valve is not provided in the utility line as bleed is provided at impulse line drains or
displacer/LG drains.
15.17 Typical Rotating Equipment External Seal Flush and Purge

Notes:
(1) Omit the FG for services other than water.
(2) During detailed engineering, number and specify the data for seal flush and purge instrumentation
not supplied by the pump vendor.
(3) If an oilmist lubrication system is being used, show this with a diamond as a utility. (A utility UFD
shall be prepared for this service).
(4) Various details to be combined on a UFD together with other pump piping details.

15.18 Typical Rotating Equipment Cooling System

Indicate a cooling water system detail which is to be generated during detailed engineering. Pump
data sheets shall indicate API cooling plans (which may require modification during detailed
engineering).
Notes:
(1) Details of hook-up to be combined on a UFD with other pump piping details.

15.19 Typical Flushing Oil Connections

Notes:

(1) During detailed engineering:

(a) Size all flush oil lines at 2
(b) Size the drains above at 1
(c) Modify the instrumentation standard hook-up to provide a drain line from the pump discharge P1
drain to the pump drain funnel in services where flush oil is provided.
(d) Various details to be combined on a UFD together with other pump piping details.

15.20 Typical Blowdown Systems (Process Waste Heat Boilers)

15.21 Typical Arrangement Level Instruments & Standpipes
A) Systems 3 and 4 preferred.
B) Systems 1 and 2, where standpipes are not considered.
C) For standpipes use separate connections, do not connect to process connections.
Where standpipes are used the following precautions shall be observed
(1) LIC and LA may be combined or separate, on one standpipe.
(2) LA and LSA may not be combined on same nozzle or standpipe.
(3) LIC and LG may not be combined. Independent check facilities to be provided.
(4) LG and LSA may be combined on one standpipe.
(5) Visible length of LG has to cover all instruments.
(6) Standpipes always have a drain, vent and isolating valve. (A general note on legend sheet shall
cover this requirement, these will riot be shown on flow schemes.)
(7) If no isolating valves on standpipe each instrument to be provided with drain, vent and isolating
valve.
(8) Minimum diameter of standpipe shall be 3 and the connecting nozzle to the vessel shall be 2
nominal.
Typical Instrumentation for Compressors

(1) Pre-alarm signals:

- All process pre-alarms on local, panel. Where required, also on the main panel.
- All machine alarms on local panel, with a common alarm on the main panel.
(2) Trip alarms
- All process and machine trip alarms on the local panel, with a common trip alarm on the main panel.
All trips to be included in a first failure system.
(3) Local panel indication
- Suction temperature
- Suction and discharge pressure.
- For centrifugal compressor:
- flow indication.
- surge parameter indication (where applicable)
- Speed indication (where applicable).
(4) Local controls
- Speed control (hand and remote station)
- Surge control valve
- Suction throttling valve
(5) Control panel in main control room
- Surge controller )
- Speed recorder and control ) where applicable
- Suction pressure control )
- High discharge temperature alarm
(6) Hand trips
- Local trip with alarm on local pane (with common alarm on main panel).
- Main panel trip without alarm on main panel, but with alarm on local panel.
- Both alarms included in the first failure system.
15.23
Valve Type Selection
15.23.1 Select the actual valve type requirements in accordance with the piping class specifications
and any other issued job specification for piping and valves.
Note:
Basic symbols shall be used as from the first (I) issue of the EFDs.
15.23.2 Specific valve type requirements shall be indicated on the EFD as follows:
(a) Fuel gas valves between manifolds and burners -Ball valves.
(b) main fuel shut-off Fire Safe ball valves.
(c) Flexible wedge gate valves where tight shut off is required. Differentiate between solid wedge and
flexible wedge by using appropriate symbols.
15.23.3 Remote operated valves (ROVs) shall generally be hydraulically operated. ROVs will be
grouped and served by a combined hydraulic unit and provided with one 1imit switch to shut pump
down if valve is 20% closed (Initiating switch to be mounted in a safe area.) For cost saving,
pneumatic operated ROVs may be considered with individual air bottles.
15.24 Instrumentation General Requirements
13.24.1 All process flow meters shall be provided with:
(a) A multipoint TI (downstream of the flow element).
(b) A local PI in gas and steam services only.
15.24.2 All board-mounted temperature instruments shall have a check multipoint TI. All local
temperature controllers shall have a local check TI.
15.24.3 For added safety two individually connected level transmitters per equipment will be provided
in the following cases:
- Level Control (panel mounted or local) and level alarm.
- Level Control, Pre-Alarm (taken from transmitter serving the control and Emergency Action/Alarm.
15.24.4 A combined nozzle for a pressure controller with backup pressure indicator is only acceptable
on vessels/columns.
15.24.5 For quality measuring instruments the differential pressure across a control valve shall not
generally be used for the fast loop differential pressure.
15.24.6 Thermal expansion valves and breather valves do riot require a spare position.
1.5 .25 Utility Header Valve Requirements
(shown on UFD only)
Utility/common facility branch line header valves within the Process units are not anticipated as being
required and will not be indicated on the UFD. The EFD shall therefore indicate any valves in
utility/common facility individual branch lines required for process and maintenance operations even if
these valves may be physically located in the pipe rack or the sequence of branches may allow in the
future for a single valve to serve several branch lines. Valves are not provided in utility/common
facility individual branch lines to allow solely for the repair of piping failures due to mechanical
breakage or corrosion.