What is PopDev?
Nimfa B. Ogena
UP Population Institute
When you first heard of
“PopDev,” what was the first
thing that came to your mind?
Perspectives on Population and
Economic development
Population growth promotes economic
development
(Slow to moderate population growth
promotes economic development)
Population growth impedes economic
development
(Rapid population growth, of already large
populations, impedes economic development)
Population growth is not related to economic
development.
(Population growth is only one of many factors
that affect economic development)
Association Between Average Annual World
Population Growth Rates and GDP per Capita
Growth Rates, 1975-2004
8
Growth Rates in Population
7
0
-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8
-1
4
Association Between Fertility and
Education
Percent of Girls Enrolled
in Secondary School
100
80
60
40
20
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Source: Population Reference Bureau, Population & Economic Development Linkages 2007 Data Sheet.
5
Association Between Fertility and Poverty
Percent of Population
Living on <$2 per Day
100
80
60
40
20
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Source: Population Reference Bureau, Population & Economic Development Linkages 2007 Data Sheet.
6
What is the population of the
Philippines as of
August 1, 2007?
88,574,614
Population Distribution
Population of the Philippines by Regions: 2007
14
11.6 11.7
12
9.7
10
in Millions
8 6.8 6.4
6 5.1
4.5 4 4.2 4.1
3.9 3.8
4 3.1 3.2
2.6 2.3
2 1.5
0
R
L
S
EN
M
PA
AO
O
N
A
O
A
C
ZO
AG
ZO
AS
VA
UL
S
C
N
EY
C
G
YA
AN
YA
AR
BI
LU
O
AR
AY
R
NS
DA
AR
AR
LL
SA
IL
SA
SA
D
IS
IM
VA
NI
IN
AL
AB
C
VI
VI
.V
SK
M
PE
.M
TR
C.
E.
AL
AN
C
N
BO
C
EN
C
AY
SO
M
C
G
ZA
CA
Population Size
Infrastructure
Age-Sex Structure
Social Services
Spatial Distribution
Economic Development
Governance and Development
Fertility Administration
Mortality Environmental Development
Migration and Preservation
Current Population Issues
(right axis)
2.78 141.7
2.71
140.0 135.3
128.1 2.5
2.35 120.2
120.0 2.32 2.36
111.8
1.81
85.3
1.63
80.0 76.9 1.5
1.44
68.6
60.7 1.26
60.0 1.09
48.1 1.0
42.1 0.92
40.0 36.7
0.5
20.0
0.0 0.0
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Note: Data after 2000 are Population Projections (Medium Assumption, NRR=1 by 2040)
Source: Population census data in various years and official population projections Available from http://www.nscb.gov.ph/secstat/d_popn.asp (accessed 13
March 2006) as cited in Ogena (2006) Whither The Philippines In The 21st Century? A Conference On The Philippines, 13-14 July 2006, Institute of
Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore
Current Population Issues
100.0
88.1 m
90.0 (63%)
80.0
70.0
Population (in millions)
60.0
50.0
40.0 32.2 m
30.0 (24%)
20.0 20.8 m
10.0
(14%)
0.0
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Source: Ogena (2006) Whither The Philippines In The 21st Century? A Conference On The Philippines, 13-14 July 2006, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore
The nearly fourfold increase of the ageing index
by the end of the projection period means that
by 2040 there will be almost two persons
aged 60 or over for every three children
under 15 years in the Philippines.
70.00
60.00
Actual
Ageing
50.00
Index
Projected
40.00
Ageing
Index
30.00 Potential
S upport
20.00 Ratio
10.00
0.00
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
2
Average
Annual 1.5
Deployment 1
of OFWs: 0.5
897 thousand 0
(2000-2005) 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
140
120
100
Percentage
80 2000
2001
60 2002
2003
40
2004
20 2005
-
GER NER GIR NIR
Indicators
Source: DepEd BEIS as cited in Philippine Progress Report on the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) An Independent Appraisal of MDG2
Fluctuating CSR and CR and
worsening repetition and drop-out
situation
Cohort
School Completion Drop-out Repetitio
Survival
Year Rate Rate n Rate
Rate
2001- 1.95
2002 75.90 74.94 5.75
2002- 2.08
2003 72.44 71.55 6.69
2003- 2.18
2004 71.84 70.24 6.89
2004- 2.24
2005 71.32 69.06 6.98
2005- 2.89
2006 69.90 67.99 7.36
Source: DepED Basic Education Information System (BEIS) as cited in Philippine Progress Report on the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) An Independent Appraisal of
MDG2
Typical Progression of a Sample Cohort of
Pupil
100
66
58
43
23
14
Source: Department of Education as cited in Philippine Progress Report on the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) An Independent Appraisal of MDG2
Current Development Issues
50 Rural
15.0
40
10.0
Philippines
30
%
28.4%
5.0
Urban
20
0.0
10
-5.0
0
GNP GDP 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000
-10.0
1980
1970
1972
1974
1976
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
40000 35.0
35000 30.0
30000
25.0
in percent
25000
in pesos
20.0
20000
15.0
15000
10000 10.0
5000 5.0
0 0.0
R
M
s
as
on
as
no
l
a
y
n
co
co
C
lle
ya
M
ag
zo
ay
ay
uz
da
N
Bi
Ilo
R
Va
Lu
sa
ar
is
.L
is
in
A
C
Vi
.V
.V
S.
.M
an
C
E.
W
C
ay
W
ag
C
Balisacan, A (2005) as cited in Barba (2007) Dual Malnutrition: the Philippine Case. Philippine Population Association National Conference, July 28, 2007, Cebu City
Malnutrition among children by
%
household income, 2003
60 Income
quintile
From Barba (2007) Dual
1Q Malnutrition: the
Philippine Case.
50 Philippine Population
2Q Association National
Conference, July 28,
3Q 2007, Cebu City
40 4Q
5Q
30
20
Mean per capita
income: P22,277
10 1Q = P5,973.55
5Q = P57,573.83
0
0–5y Underweight 6 – 10 y
Malnutrition among children by
%
household income, 2003
7
60 Income 6
6.5
quintile 5
1Q 4
50 3
2Q 1.8
2
3Q 0.7 0.7
1 0.4
40 4Q 0
5Q Overweight-for-height (0 - 5y)
30
Mean per capita
income: P22,277
20
1Q = P5,973.55
5Q = P57,573.83
10 From Barba (2007) Dual
Malnutrition: the
Philippine Case.
Philippine Population
Association National
0 Conference, July 28,
40
30
20
20.9 %
(Philippine Human
Development Report
2005, p. 2)
Human Insecurity Indicators
Individuals
construct their own
life course through
the choices and
actions they take
within the
opportunities and
constraints of
history and social
circumstances.
Therefore
We need to
EMPOWER