INSTRUMENTS OF ARAB
joza in Iraq[1]) is a type of a bowed string
The oud (/ud/) is a short-neck lute-type,
pear-shaped stringed instrument (a
chordophone in the Hornbostel-Sachs
classification of instruments) with 11 or
13 strings grouped in 5 or 6 courses,
commonly used in Persian, Greek,
Turkish, Jewish, Byzantine, Azerbaijani,
Arabian, Armenian, North African
(Chaabi, Classical, and Spanish
Andalusian), Somali and Middle Eastern
music.
The rebab (Arabic: , rabb, variously
spelled rebap, rabab, rebeb, rababa
and rabeba, also known as jawza or
instrument so named no later than the
8th century and spread via Islamic
trading routes over much of North
Africa, the Middle East, parts of Europe,
and the Far East.[2] The bowed variety
often has a spike at the bottom to rest
on the ground (see first image to the
right), and is thus called a spike fiddle in
certain areas, but plucked versions like
the kabuli rebab (sometimes referred to
as the robab or rubab) also exist.
The kanun, ganoun or kanoon (Arabic:
, translit. qnn; Hebrew: ,
qanon; Persian: , qnn; Turkish:
kanun; Armenian: ,
translit. kanon; Azerbaijani: qanun;
Greek: , translit. kanonaki;
Uyghur: , ULY: qalon) is a string
instrument played either solo, or more
often as part of an ensemble, in much
of the Middle East, Maghreb, West
Africa, Central Asia, and southeastern
regions of Europe.
INSTRUMENTS OF INDIA Indian languages). Although still
regularly used in rural art forms, use of
the onavillu is on the decline.[1]

The pungi (Hindi: ), also called

Ektara (Hindi: , Bengali: ,
Punjabi: ; literally "one-string", circular breathing. The pungi originated
also called iktar, ektar, yaktaro,
gopichand, gopichant, gopijiantra, tun
tuna) is a one-string instrument most
often used in traditional music from
Bangladesh, Egypt, India, and Pakistan.
the been (), is a wind instrument
played by snake charmers on the Indian
subcontinent. The instrument consists of
a mouth-blown air reservoir made from
a gourd, which channels air into two
reedpipes. The pungi is played with no
pauses, with the player employing
in India and is still played by snake
charmers in street performances.

In origin the ektara was a regular string

instrument of wandering bards and
minstrels from India and is plucked with
one finger. The ektara is a drone lute
consisting of a gourd resonator covered
with skin, through which a bamboo
neck is inserted [1]

An onavillu is a simple, short, bow-

shaped musical instrument. Its name
may come from Onam, a festival in
Kerala where the instrument is used in
dances, and villu, which means 'bow' in
Malayalam (and several other South
INSTRUMENTS OF PAKISTAN
Chimta (Punjabi: , Shahmukh:
) literally means tongs. Over time
it has evolved into a traditional
percussion instrument of South Asia
by the permanent addition of small
brass jingles. This instrument is often
used in popular Punjabi folk songs,
Bhangra music and the Sikh religious
music known as Gurbani Kirtan.
The dholak (Punjabi: , Bengali:
, Hindi: ; Nepali: ;
Dutch: dhool in the Netherlands and
Suriname and Sinhalese: ) is
a South Asian two-headed hand-
drum.
The Daf (Persian: daf; Arabic:
duf) is a large Middle Eastern frame
drum used in popular and classical
music. The frame is usually made of
hardwood with many metal ringlets
attached, and the membrane is
usually goatskin.[1] The Daf is mostly
used in the Middle East, Iran (Persia),
India, Pakistan, Afghanistan and
Central Asia, and usually
accompanies singers and players of
the tanbur, violin, oud, saz and other
Middle Eastern instruments. Some
dafs are equipped with small
cymbals, making them analogous to
a large tambourine.
INSTRUMENTS OF ISRAEL Kinnor (Hebrew: ) is an ancient
Israelite musical instrument, the
exact identification of which is
unclear, but in the modern day is
generally translated as "harp" or
"lyre",[1]:440 and associated with a
type of lyre depicted in Israelite
imagery, particular the Bar Kochba
coins.[1]:440 It has been referred to as
the "national instrument" of the
Jewish people,[2] and modern
luthiers have created reproduction
lyres of the "kinnor" based on this
imagery.

The goblet drum (also chalice drum,

tarabuka, tarabaki, darbuka,
debuka, doumbek, dumbec,
dumbeg, dumbelek, tablah,
toumperleki or zerbaghali,[1] Arabic:
/ ALA-LC: darbkah) is a single
head membranophone with a
goblet shaped body used mostly in
the Middle East, North Africa, South
Asia, and Eastern Europe.[2] The A shofar (pron. /ofr/, from
African djembe-wassolou is also a Hebrew: ( helpinfo),
goblet membranophone.[3] This pronounced [ofa]) is an ancient
article focuses on the Eastern and musical horn typically made of a
North-African goblet drum. ram's horn, used for Jewish religious
purposes. Like the modern bugle, the
shofar lacks pitch-altering devices.
All pitch control is done by varying
the player's embouchure. The shofar
is blown in synagogue services on
Rosh Hashanah and at the very end
of Yom Kippur, and is also blown
every weekday morning in the
month of Elul running up to Rosh
Hashanah.[1] Shofars come in a
variety of sizes and shapes,
depending on the choice of animal
and level of finish.