UNIT 2 Cells and Systems Vocabulary

Unit 2 Topic 1
1. the smallest unit that can perform the functions of life Cell
Unit 2 Topic 2
2. to make an object appear larger by using a microscope or another enlarging instrument magnifying
3. an instrument that makes objects appear larger by bending light through a lens microscope
Unit 2 Topic 3
4. having many cells multicellular
5. a structure within a cell that has a specific function (e.g., mitochondrion) organelles
6. having a single cell unicellular
7. This skin surrounds and protects the contents of the cell Cell Membrane
8. A large, dark round spot in a cell that controls all of the cells activities. Nucleus
9. Balloon-like spaces in the cytoplasm that are storage places Vacuoles
10. The structures in a plant cell where photosynthesis takes place Chloroplasts
11. Only in plant cells, fungi, and some unicellular organisms a thick, rigid membrane that provides support for
the cell Cell wall
12. A jellylike substance that takes up a large part of the cell. It distributes oxygen and food to different parts of
the cell. Cytoplasm
Unit 2 Topic 4
13. the movement of particles in liquids and gases from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower
concentration diffusion
14. the diffusion of a solvent, usually water, through a selectively permeable membrane osmosis
15. allowing materials to pass through permeable
16. in plants, the tissue that transports sugars manufactured in the leaves to the rest of the plant Phloem Tissue
17. on a plant root, an extension of a single epidermal cell. Water enters a root hair by osmosis root hairs
18. allowing only certain materials to pass through Selectively permeable
19. the loss of water from a plant through evaporation transpiration
20. in plants, tissues that connect the root system and the shoot system vascular tissues
21. in plants, the tissue that conducts water and minerals absorbed by the root cells to every cell in the plant
xylem tissue
22. a membrane allowing nothing to cross through it impermeable
Unit 2 Topic 5
23. in organisms, the arrangement of structures from the simplest (i.e., cells) to more complex (i.e., tissues,
organs, and organ systems) levels of organization
24. a group of different tissues that work together to perform a specific function (e.g., the heart) organs
25. in living things, cells having different structures and appearances and performing different functions
specialized cells
26. a collection of parts that work together in such a way that a change in one part can result in a change in
another part systems
27. a group of cells having the same structure and function (e.g., muscle, nerve, skin) Tissues
Unit 2 Topic 6
28. in the lungs, a tiny air sac at the end of a bronchiole (plural alveoli) alveolus
29. a group of organs that work together to break down food and eliminate wastes; includes the stomach and
intestines. Digestive system
30. the smallest type of blood vessel; connects arteries and veins capillaries
31. The system that transports food and oxygen through-out the body; includes the heart, blood, and blood
vessels circulatory system
32. the system that regulates blood composition and gets rid of waste fluids; includes the kidneys
excretory system
33. the body system that senses internal and external changes, and controls and co-ordinates body activities;
includes the brain and nerves nervous system
34. the system that moves air in and out of the body; includes the lungs, bronchi, trachea, and nasal passages
Respiratory system