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Policy Goals: very abstract general aims or goals, such as, for example, in the cases of criminal

justice or education policy, attaining a just society or a prosperous one;

Policy Objectives: a set of less abstract objectives actually expected to achieve those aims such as, in the
examples provided above, reducing crime or providing better educational opportunities to
members of the public.

Policy Target: Further, those objectives themselves must be concretized in a set of


specific targets or measures which allow policy resources to be directed toward goal
attainment, such as reducing specific types of crimes to specific levels within specified
periods of time or increasing post-secondary educational attendance within some set
temporal period

Policy Instruments

Policy Tools

Substantive Policy instrument

Procedural Policy instrument

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