ORIGINAL ARTICLE
a
Department of Chemistry, Chodhary Dilip Singh Kanya Mahavidyalya, Bhind 477001, MP, India
b
School of Pharmacy, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Indore 452001, MP, India
c
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. H.S. Gour University, Sagar 470 003, MP, India
KEYWORDS Abstract Simple, precise, and accurate UV-Spectrophotometric and high-performance thin-layer
Nitazoxanide; chromatography (HPTLC) methods for the simultaneous determination of Nitazoxanide and
Ooxacin; Ooxacin in pharmaceutical preparations have been developed and validated. The method was
HPTLC; developed using aluminum plates pre-coated with silica gel 60 F254 HPTLC plates as a stationary
Spectrophotometric method; phase with toluene:chloroform:carbon tetra chloride:toluene:glacial acetic acid solutions in the pro-
ICH portion of (10:5:3:0.5 v/v/v/v) as mobile phase. Densitometric quantication was performed at
241 nm. Well-resolved bands were obtained with RF values 0.36, 0.57 and 0.63 for Rosiglitazone
maleate, Nitazoxanide, and Ooxacin, respectively. Rosiglitazone maleate was used as an internal
standard. The calibration curves were linear within the concentration range of 525 lg/ml for each
drug. Two simple spectrophotometric methods have been developed for simultaneous estimation of
Nitazoxanide, and Ooxacin from tablet dosage form. The rst method, simultaneous equation
method, involves the measurement of absorbances at two wavelengths 221.8 nm (kmax of Nitazox-
anide) and 244.3 nm (kmax of Ooxacin), and the second method is First order derivative spectros-
copy, wavelengths selected for quantitation were 263.6 nm for Nitazoxanide and 269.2 nm for
Ooxacin. The proposed method gave good validation results and the statistical analysis performed
proved that the method is precise, accurate and reproducible, and hence can be employed for rou-
tine analysis of Nitazoxanide and Ooxacin in bulk and commercial formulations.
2012 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University. This is an open access
article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/).
* Corresponding author.
E-mail address: drsmita.sharma@rediffmail.com (S. Sharma). 1. Introduction
Peer review under responsibility of King Saud University.
Ooxacin (OFL) is chemically 9-uoro-2,3-dihydro-3-methyl-
10-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-7-Oxo-7H-pyrido (1,2,3-di)-1,4-
benzoxazine carboxylic acid. It is a uoroquinolone derivative.
Production and hosting by Elsevier
It is used mainly as an antibacterial. It is ofcial in the United
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2012.07.009
1878-5352 2012 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University.
This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/).
Simultaneous determination of Nitazoxanide and Ooxacin in pharmaceutical preparations S63
and 20 lg/ml of Ooxacin were scanned separately in the Nitazoxanide and Ooxacin. For simultaneous equation and
range of 200400 nm to determine the wavelength of maximum area under the curve method, the BeerLamberts concentration
absorption for both drugs. They were scanned in the wave- range was found to be 525 lg/ml and for derivative spectro-
length range of 400200 nm and the overlain spectrum was photometer 550 lg/ml for both Nitazoxanide and Ooxacin.
obtained. Two wavelengths 221.8 nm (kmax of Nitazoxanide) The reproducibility of the proposed method was determined
and 244.3 nm (kmax of Ooxacin) were selected for the forma- by performing tablet assay at different time intervals (morning,
tion of simultaneous equation. The calibration curves were afternoon and evening) on same day (Intraday assay precision)
found to be linear in the concentration range of 525 lg/ml, and on three different days (Interday precision). Result of intra-
for each drug. The absorptivity coefcients of each drug at day and interday precision is expressed in % RSD (Table 1). Per-
both wavelengths were determined. The concentration of two cent RSD for Intraday assay precision was found to be 0.0783
drugs in the mixture was calculated using equations (Beckett (for Nitazoxanide) and 0.1863 (for Ooxacin) in simultaneous
and Stanlake, 1997). equation method; 0.1392 (for Nitazoxanide) and 0.1174 (for
Ooxacin) in rst derivative spectrophotometric method. Inter-
CNitazoxanide A2 ay1 A1 ay2 =ax2 ay1 ax1 ay2 1 day assay precision was found to be 0.263 (for Nitazoxanide)
and 0.131 (for Ooxacin) in simultaneous equation method;
COfloxacin A1 ax2 A2 ax2 =ax2 ay1 ax1 ay2 2
0.029 (for Nitazoxanide) and 0.048 (for Ooxacin) in rst deriv-
where, A1 and A2 are absorbance of mixture at 221.8 nm ative spectrophotometric method (Table 2).
and 244.3 nm; ax1 and ax2, absorptivities of Nitazoxanide
at 221.8 nm and 244.3 nm, respectively; ay1 and ay2 absorptiv- 3. Results and discussion
ities of Ooxacin at 266.8 nm and 244.3 nm, respectively.
CNitazoxanide and COoxacin are concentration of Nitazoxanide The proposed method was validated for precision, accuracy,
and Ooxacin in mixture. The absorptivities reported are the specicity, linearity and range, limit of detection (LOD) and
mean of six independent determinations. limit of quantitation (LOQ), and robustness. Validation of
In First order derivative spectroscopy method Nitazoxa- the proposed method was carried out in accordance with the
nide (50 lg/ml) and Ooxacin (20 lg/ml), were prepared sepa- International Conference on Harmonization (ICH, 1996)
rately by appropriate dilution of standard stock solution and guidelines. The linearity of the calibration plots was conrmed
scanned in the spectrum mode from 400 nm to 200 nm. The by the high value of the correlation coefcients (r2 = 0.9991
absorption spectra thus obtained were derivatized from rst for Nitazoxanide and 0.9997 for Ooxacin). The assay of Nita-
to fourth order. First order derivative spectra were selected zoxanide and Ooxacin was found to be 99.96% and 100.11%.
for the analysis of both drugs. From the overlain spectra of From the recovery studies it was found that about 100.36%
both drugs wavelengths selected for quantitation were and 100.27% of Nitazoxanide and Ooxacin respectively
263.6 nm for Nitazoxanide (zero cross for Ooxacin) and which indicates high accuracy of the method (Table 3). The
269.2 nm for Ooxacin (zero cross for Nitazoxanide). The cal- minimum amounts detected under the chromatographic condi-
ibration curves for Nitazoxanide and Ooxacin were plotted in tions used were estimated in terms of the LOD and was found
the concentration range of 550 lg/ml at wavelength 263.6 nm to be 5.3 and 12.32 ng band1 for Nitazoxanide and Ooxacin
and 269.2 nm, respectively. respectively which indicates the method has sufcient sensitiv-
The methods were validated with respect to linearity, accu- ity. The LOQ was determined experimentally by spotting six
racy, precision and selectivity (ICH,1996). To ascertain the replicates of each drug at the LOQ concentration. By area,
accuracy of the proposed methods, recovery studies were carried LOQ was found to be 26 and 6.5 ng band1 for Nitazoxanide
out by standard addition method at three different levels 80%, and Ooxacin, respectively. Repeatability studies were per-
100% and 120%. The mean percent recovery for Nitazoxanide formed by the analysis of three different concentrations (500,
and Ooxacin by all the three methods was found in the range of 1000, 2500 ng band1) of the drug, each concentration injected
97.66101.11%. The linearity of measurement was evaluated by six times on the same day. Intermediate precision of the meth-
analyzing different concentrations of the standard solution of od was checked by repeating studies on three different days. In
Rane, V.P., Patil, K.R., Sangshetti, J.N., Yeole, R.D., Shinde, D.B., Singh, H.P., Sharma, C.S., Ankalgi, A.D., Agal, S.K., Ranawat, M.S.,
2008. Chromatographia 67, 455459. 2011. Int. J. Pharm. Tech. Res. 3 (1), 118123.
Reynolds, J.E.F., 2002. Martindale the extra Pharmacopoeia, 33rd ed. Yoshimasa, Y., Amal, H., Herman, F., Sachize, O., Tadakatsu, S.,
The Royal Pharmacopoeial society, London, pp. 12291245. Paul, S.H., 1996. Antimicr. Agent. Chem. 40, 22662270.