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Investigation of droplet breakup in liquid-liquid dispersions by CFD - PBM
simulations: The influence of the surfactant type

Dongyue Li, Antonio Buffo, Wioletta Podgorska, Daniele L. Marchisio,


Zhengming Gao

PII: S1004-9541(16)30897-7
DOI: doi:10.1016/j.cjche.2017.01.014
Reference: CJCHE 821

To appear in:

Received date: 19 September 2016


Revised date: 30 November 2016
Accepted date: 20 January 2017

Please cite this article as: Dongyue Li, Antonio Buo, Wioletta Podgorska, Daniele
L. Marchisio, Zhengming Gao, Investigation of droplet breakup in liquid-liquid dis-
persions by CFD - PBM simulations: The inuence of the surfactant type, (2017),
doi:10.1016/j.cjche.2017.01.014

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- / ## / #/ - /-
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- /#- / / # / ((
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#/## #-// -# ## -- - / /(
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#- - / /## -/ #/ -# / -
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T
&)*+ 2 2 22 * 2 +2 2+
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P
2* *2 2 2* +*2

RI
2+ +2 *2 * *+ * 2 2*2*
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2*2 * * 2+ 2 &)*+

SC
+ 2 * * *2SU 2
* * * 2 * * * 2 2*
+ +2+ 2 +22 2* 2 2 *2 2 2

NU
2 2 2* 2* *2 +*22+ *
2 2 YY +*+ 2 2 +*22 2 *
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MA
Y +*++ 2 2 2*+22 *+ +
2 2 + + & + 2+ *
+ 2 * 22 2 $&&,&$
+* *2+ * 2
ED

+2 *2 2 * + *2 2+2 ++ 2 *+
+2** 2 2 *2 +*22+ 2 *2 2*2
* 2 *2 +2*** ++ 2 *+2 2+2 * 2 +*22 +
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PT

*2 *+ 2 2 +*2 +2*++ 2+ + 2
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2 +*22 + 2 * *++ Y 2
CE

& * 2 * + +2*
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AC

& *-. -

2 2 ++ * +* 2*+ 2* *2+
* 2+ 2*2 + 2 2*2*2 ++
* 22 Y2 * 2 *2 2 +*+
+
(d d )
t
+ (d d Ud ) = 0,
* d + 2 *2 2 +*+ + d + 2+ +2
Ud + 2+ * 2 *2 2 2+ +
c + * 2 22 *2+ + 2 2


ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

T
d + c = 1 ( . . 2(2 2 Ud 2 .

P
2 . ((2 . 8.

RI
(d d Ud )
+ (d d (Ud Ud )) +
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SC
(d d ) + (d Rd ) = d p + d d g + Md ,

( p 2 . (22( 2( . . 22 d 2 .
222.(22 .2(2 Rd 2 . 22.(22 .2(2 g 2 . (..

NU
(. .( Md 2 . .( ( .( 2(2 .
. . . . 22 ( . ( ( 2
. . . . ( . ((. (
MA
2 .2 ( 2( 8. 2 2 2 ( .
.2 2 . ((. ( ( . 2 (. 2
2.(22 .2(2 ( . 2(2 2 2( ( . .2 2
2 . 2228 (.
ED

(. .(. 2 . . . .(.
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( .(. 2 .2 2. ( .2 .(
PT

. ( (2 .. 2.
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2(2 ( . ( (2 ( . .(.
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AC

( k . .(. ( 22. (. ( . 2
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(c k) t
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t k
 
(c ) t
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t k
( t = C k 2 / 2 . .(. 22. C k C1 C2 (
2..2 ( Gk ((2.2 . (. . .(. .
(


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()- ) ( ) ) () ) -(-
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NU
Z
n(d)
t
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d
MA
( n(d) - ) d - ) () - g - ) ( ( (
(2 ( (d, d) - ) )( - -)() )
-)) ) - -)() )( ()- () ( )(
() - d ( )- ) 2 )
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(-
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PT

N

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=1

( w d ( ) N )- - ( ---- ) 2(
)( () (( N N - )- ( )
AC

( ) (-) 2N )- )
Z N

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k
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X
+ (Ud mk ) = w g(d ) (d, d ) dk dd dk ,
t =1 0


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# $ $# # $ #$ . . $ . $
$ $ # . $

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. $ . # ; $ $ $ #;#.

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$ . $ #$. $$ # # # $ # #..
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# $# .$#$ $ .. .

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#$ .. (d, d) . . .

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d2 d3 d3
 
(d, d ) = 180

d3 d3
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.. $$ .$# # . $ .$ $ . ..$$
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; . ..$$$ $ ; $ .$ .$. #
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# #+
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" )$$ < ") $"$)") $" $ $)

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$) ) )

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d c d

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C1 C2 $ ))) )"") "" $ " " ""


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g(d) = C1 2/3 exp C2 .
d (1 + d ) c 2/3 d5/3

" "$"$ C1 C2 $ ))" " 0.00481 0.08 ")

) $ ) $ $ $) $ $ " )

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$ $< ) $) " )" ))" " )$)


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P
)% ) ) # %#

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r 
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%# #% % # ) %) %) # % )

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) @# )% %)# # ) %# )) C1
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2/3
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)# ) ##) ) #%# #
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# ) # C1 = 0.986 C2 = 0.000892 C3 = 0.2


) ) C1 = 3.68 C2 = 0.000775 C3 = 0.2
) % )% )%)% #%# )) %) #
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# % )# #))# ) ##)
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ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

T
& & - &--- & &

P
- - -& - - &&
& - -

RI
q
C2 (d)2/3 12 c d

SC
g(d) = C1
d
& C1 = 0.25 C2 = 8.2 C1 - & &- C2
- & & & - & & && -

NU
& G && - & &
& dc = 1.26(/c )3/5 2/5 - & & & - -&
& & - -- &
MA
& & &
& & & & & -
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ED

&- -- & - &


& & -& &
& - -- -&
PT

&- & -& - & &


& & - && - -

7/5 9/5 !
CE

1 d5/3 19/15 c 2
g(d) = 7/5
exp 9/5
.
2 d d 6/5
3
AC

- - & & &- &


& &- - & & &G &-- &-
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& &
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& &- & & & - - & &


ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

T
- - - -

P
4 - - - - 4 -- 4 4

RI
s   Zx   +23f ()
L 1/3 d 3
g(d) = Cg ln d,
d d2/3 L

SC
min

- Cg = 0.0035 L 4 - - 4 4
(2k/3)3/2
4 4 L = min = 0.12 -4 -

NU

- - -4 4 x 4
-44  
L0.4 0.6
2.5 ln c
MA
Cx 0.6
x = 1.5,
ln (L/d)
- Cx = 0.23 4 4-4 4 44 4
- x 4 - - 4 -
ED

- - KL-4
- -4 -4 4-
4 4 - 4 - 4 -
PT

-4 - - 4 4 4
4 - 4 -4 4- - -
- 4 - 4- - - - 4
CE

- 4 - - 4- 44 4-
4 4 - 4 -
- TT 4-44
- -4 - - T- -
AC

4 -4 - 4 4 -4
4- - t 0 t0 4 - 4 4
4- - 4 T - - 44 4
4- 0 - 4 -44 - - -
4 = 0 4 - 4-4 4 -44 --
4 - 4 -44 KL-4 -4
4 - - x - - 4 4
4-4 - -4 4 4 4- 4
- x 4
 
L0.4 0.6
2.5 ln C (2 )0.6
c
x 0
x = 1.5,
ln (L/d)


ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

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# 0 % & &# &% # & %%& && %#&&
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# # # &%& # % & %#&&

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#% 5 % % # &%& # & %#&& %
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SC
% & & & && H % # %&# %# #
& % # # & #& %#% &#& %&#
f () # 5 % #% # % #&

NU
& #%%
f () = a + b + c2 + d3 + e4 + f 5 + g6 + h7 + i8 ,
MA
& a = 3.51, b = 18.721, c = 55.918, d = 120.9, e = 162.54, f =
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&% # & && & #& %&#
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$% $$ , %$
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%&## &% &% # & & %


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ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

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# +- # ++# - + -
-- #-# - #- - - - #-+++ #

P
# - - + + + + #

RI
- - -+ F # ++ - - ##+ +
- # # + - +# -

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-- #-# +

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PT

-+##+ # # - T +-
- + ## - +-# + ++ -
CE

+ - #+# # # F- - -
T - #+ + +# + #
- ++ - # - #- -# -+#+-
AC

F-# + - - ##- F-# - # - -


- - #+ -+# # - + -# #- -
-- - # - # T # - -
# + # +# - #-# + ++
- - - T - +# -+# +
+ - -# - - + - -
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+ # + + # + + - +
# + + - - - + +
- # +- - -- -# # + - #- # -
# - - + #


ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

T
$'$

P
(( - -2
* , ,0 * ,* *, 5

RI
5 * * *,* * , 55* ,*
*, *5 , * , , , 5 *5

SC
, * , , ,*5 , ,* , ,*
,* 5 5 ,* 5 ,5 , *
* *, *5 5 * *,* 55* ,* 5

NU
* 5 * , ,* *, *55
, 5, * *,* * , 55* ,* 5
MA
101 100

100
10-1
g(d) (1/s)

g(d) (1/s)

-1
10
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10
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10
ED

-3
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10
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10 10
0 0.0005 0.001 0.0015 0.002 0 0.0005 0.001 0.0015 0.002
d (m) d (m)
PT

$ (+ $ $3 $ $+ +$+ $ 99+ $+
+ +$ +9 + = 0.01 1 = 0.01 2 93 $ = 0.1 2 93
CE

$ = 1 2 93 = 10 2 93 $+ +$ +9 +
+$+ $ 99+ $+ ++ = 1 2 93 = 0.01 1 $
= 0.03 1 $ = 0.05 1 + + $+ 9 $ + $
$3
AC

, ,0 ,55 * ,* *, , * ,
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5 * , ,0 * , = 0.01 2 53 5*,*5 *,
d 0.008 5*5 5 , * , 5 5 5 ,
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55* ,* 5 d < dc * , ,0
* , , 5 55 * , * ,55 , ,
,*5 ,, * * ,* d > dc *, ,
* , ,0 ,55 * * * ,* 5 5
5 5 , * ,* 5 5 5, * dc


ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

T
% ' )'% ) % ))' ) ' 3
3 %)% '%' %% '% %' % % )') ) )

P
')% %'% ))' ' ' %' )'

RI
') '% % ) %) ' ) )3 )%
' '% ' ) %' %%

SC
140 35
120 30
100 25

NU
g(d) (1/s)

g(d) (1/s)
80 20
60 15
40 10
20 5
MA
0 0
0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.01 0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.01
d (m) d (m)

$ (+ $ $3 $ $+ +$+ $ 99+ $+
ED

+ +$ +9 + = 0.01 1 = 0.01 2 93 $ = 0.1 2 93


$ = 1 2 93 = 10 2 93 $+ +$ +9 +
+$+ $ 99+ $+ ++ = 1 2 93 = 0.01 1 $
= 0.03 1 $ = 0.05 1
PT

' ' ) )3 )%% ' )' ') ) '


% ) ) % % ) ' '
CE

) )% ' % ) ) % ' )'


) )3 ) )3 )%% 3 ' %
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%' )' ') '% % ) %) ' )


)3 )% ' ' % )% ' ' )% )'
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')% ' ) ' ')' '
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)) 1020 %1 % % ) ' ' )' '
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ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

T
8 3.5
7

P
3
6 2.5
g(d) (1/s)

g(d) (1/s)
5

RI
2
4
1.5
3
2 1

SC
1 0.5
0 0
0 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005 0 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005
d (m) d (m)

NU
$ (+ 0 $ $3 $ $+ +$+ $ 00+
$+ + +$ +0 + = 0.01 1 = 0.01 2 03 $ = 0.1 2
03 $ = 1 2 03 = 10 2 03 $+ +$ +0
MA
+ +$+ $ 00+ $+ ++ = 1 2 03 = 0.01 1 $
= 0.03 1 $ = 0.05 1

#&& , , #& #, & #,& ,


ED

#, ,# ,& & # &#

14000 800
12000 700
PT

10000 600
g(d) (1/s)

g(d) (1/s)

500
8000
400
6000
300
CE

4000 200
2000 100
0 0
0 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005 0 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005
d (m) d (m)
AC

$ (+ $ $ $3 $ $+ +$+ $ 00+ $+
+ +$ +0 + = 0.01 1 = 0.01 2 03 $ = 0.1 2 03
$ = 1 2 03 = 10 2 03 $+ +$ +0 +
+$+ $ 00+ $+ ++ = 1 2 03 = 0.01 1 $
= 0.03 1 $ = 0.05 1

, # #; & ,, #&& , #, & # ,

# # ,#&, , #& # #& ,

# # & , ,# , & ,# L

& , &&, & #&,& # , , , ,#

,#,, , , , ,# , & ,# & ;

, &# &#, #& ,, , #


ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

T
!& ' & ! ! ' '! & && & !
! ! & !' & ! !& ! ' !&' !

P
& & ! ' & ' '& ' & !& & !

RI
& ! & ?? ''& & '!&& '
& &! '&!'' !'& ! & &! &' ! '

SC
& & ! ! ' !'&' &' & ! !? !
& '!' & !& &' ! ' ! &
&& !& ! ! & '!&
'&!'' & ! !& ' !'& !&' &

NU
! !' ! !
MA
ED
PT
CE
AC


ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

T
101

P
100

RI
g(d) (1/s)

10-1

SC
10-2

10-3

10-4
0 0.0005
NU
0.001
d (m)
0.0015 0.002
MA
100

10-1
ED
g(d) (1/s)

10-2
PT

10-3

10-4
CE

0 0.0005 0.001 0.0015 0.002


d (m)

100
AC

10-1
g(d) (1/s)

10-2

10-3
0 0.0005 0.001 0.0015 0.002
d (m)

$ (+ $ $2 $ $+ +$+ $ 88+ $+
+ +$ +8 + = 0.01 1 = 0.01 2 83 $ = 0.1 2
83 $ = 1 2 83 = 10 8 $+ +$ +8
2 3

+ +$+ $ 88+ $+ = 1 2 83 = 0.01 1


$ = 0.03 1 $ = 0.05 1 +$ +8
+$+ $ 88+ $+ ++ = 0.0268 1 = 1 2 83 +
$ $ ++ $ + 8$+ 8+$88 $8+ $ + +$ +8
$ 0 $ 0 = 0.037 1 + + $+ 8 $ + $
$2
ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

T
) 2 26
&( &+ & &(& & ( ++& (& &

P
&(& & ( & &( &( ( & &+& +

RI
& ( ( ( ((& +& & &(&
& ( + ++& ( & ( ( & ( (?
+ & & ( + & ++& + & & +(+

SC
+ + +&(& (&( + & &( &( +
( & ++ + ++&& & ( (+ (
& + + &(+& & ( & ( (? (& &

NU
(& (+ ( &(+ +&+ & ( ((&
& + && & ( (? + (&( &
& & + ( & + ( (+ (
MA
(+ ( + ((& & &(&( &+ ( & (&
(+ +&( +( ( & + (& +( && & (
(? (& & ( + (( & & +
( (+ ( (? ( & ( ( (
ED

+ ( +( (+&& + + ++&& & & (+&+ ((&


( & +& &(& & ( ++
& (& & & ( & ( (? (&
( &+& + & ( ( (+ + (& ? &
PT

(
CE

2; ) 2);
(+ & & & & &( &( (
& &+ ( (+ & (& & ( + + (
(& + + & ( ( (+ &
AC

(+& (+ (&+ + & ( &+


( ( ( + ( & (& + +&(
&+ + & +( + & &
+ & + ( & ( ( &+& ++
& ( & &( &( & (&+ + (
+ ( +( & & + & ( ( +
&( + && (&( & & + && & (
( ( + & & +& ( ?? +(++
& &( &( + ( + ( &
( ( + ( & (& & ( (?
( ( + & & ( & + 1 &
&(& &( & &( &+& ++ & &(& &

ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

P T
RI
SC
NU
MA
ED
PT
CE
AC

$ +$ +. + +$+ + $ ..+ $+ 2 .3
+$+ + $ k 2 .2 +$ +$ d $ . +
$ $
ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

P T
RI
SC
NU
MA
ED
PT
CE
AC

$ +$ +. $ $3 g(d) . $ + + + d = 60.10
+ + d = 85.76 $+ + + d = 258.4
. + + ++ d = 69.97 $ $+ + ++ d = 258.4
$ $ $ . $ .. $


ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

T
" ''* "* "' " * 2 '3 ' "

P
* * ' "*" " *'* '' hi 0.15 2 '3
* * ' ** "*" ' * " "* *'

RI
* *' ' ' * " "? ' " d < dc
* *'* '' * "'*' * * " "

SC
"' " * ""*

400

NU
350
Mean Sauter diameter (m)

300
MA
250

200

150
ED

100

50
PT

0
0 700 1400 2100 2800 3500
Time (s)
CE

$ $- $ 0 0 0 0 0$ 0$ $0
$ $ - $ 0 $- 0
$0 0 -- $ -
AC

"' * * * * *" *" *


"* * " '' ' ""* ' '
* * * * *" *" "* "
" " *' *'* '' " * * "* * "
* ' * * *" *" * '*'**
"* * ' " "' ' '* " * *
" "
* ' ''' * * * * *" *" "
* ' " "' * * * * *"
*" * "* * " '' ' ""*
*' " * '"** ' ' ''' *'


ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

P T
RI
SC
400
Mean Sauter diameter (m)

350
300

NU
250
200
150
MA
100
50
0
0 700 1400 2100 2800 3500
ED

Time (s)
300
Mean Sauter diameter (m)

250
PT

200

150
CE

100

50
AC

0
0 700 1400 2100 2800 3500
Time (s)

$ $. $ 1 1 1 1 1$ 1$ $1
$ $ . $. 1 $1 1 .. $ .
1 . 11


ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

T
"&& " " & " " " & "&

P
" & & &" & & &" & "
" & " " "7 & & & &

RI
& " & " ""
"& & & & & "& "

SC
" "&& & " " & "
" "& & "& " & "& &&
" & "& &

NU
MA
ED
PT
CE
AC


ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

T
250

Mean Sauter diameter (m)

P
200

RI
150

SC
100

50

NU
0
0 700 1400 2100 2800 3500
Time (s)
MA
250
Mean Sauter diameter (m)

200

150
ED

100

50
PT

0
0 700 1400 2100 2800 3500
CE

Time (s)
250
Mean Sauter diameter (m)

200
AC

150

100

50

0
0 700 1400 2100 2800 3500
Time (s)

$ $- $ 0 0 0 0 0$ 0$ $0
$ $ - $- 0 $0 0 -- $ -
0 00


ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

&&

P T
"% ( " , % " % " "

RI
" %" "(" << %(%% " (" %(""%
%"(( "% (" ( % " % (

SC
" (% ( "%" ( %"% " "
%( (" "%" %% ( %"
%"(( " < " %" ( ( ( ("
%"(( (" " (" %"% (%" (" "(

NU
"% % " " " " " "(
"( (" "% ( (% % ( " (" "
( ( %"% " " %%( "
MA
( (%"% % "" " <" ("( ( " ( (
" ( ( << %(%% ( (
( % " " %" ("( % " ("
( ("% % " %" ( "
ED

" " ( " ( (% ( (


( % % " % " %" ( ( <<
%(%% ( " << %(%% " , % %(""
PT

" ( ( (" (" " " "


"( "( % (% %" (%"" "
"( "( "" " (" ( (< % "
CE

( " << %(%% " % %(""


" %"(%%% ( (" " ( ( ("%
(" (%"% " % ( ( "" " "% "
%"(%%% " " % " "( ("( " " (
AC

"" " %"% ( (( " " ( (


"(% "(%" " (%"% (" " %
( (% ( % %"% % " " " "" "
( (" " %" ( " %"" "( %"%
" %(" %"(%%% "" ( " " " " "( ("%
" ("%

+ +.&+& +++
"(% ( "" " "% "(%" " "% (


ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

P T
C1 #$$ ' ' '

RI
C2 #$$ ' ' '
C3 #$$ ' ' '

SC
CD ' $
Cg #$$ ' ' '
Ck1 k '$'#

NU
Ck2 k '$'#
Cx #$$ ' ' '
C k '$'#
d '$ #
MA
d32 $' $'
dc '$ '$ #
d $' '$ #
d #### $ 9'$' '$ 3
ED

g '$$ '$ $' 2


Gk '$ $ $'$ $ '
k $'$ $ ' 2 #2
PT

L $' $'$ $ #
Md $' '
mk k $ $ ' #$ $ k3
CE

N ' '$$ # '


p ' '##' @
Rd ##$'## $#' 2
AC

t $ #
Uc $ $# # #
Ud $ #'# # #
Ur # $ #

$'$ $
c '$ $# #
d '$ #'# #
min $'$ $
x ' $'$ $ ' '# #
$'$ ' ##$ '$ 2 #3
c ##$ $# # @#
d ##$ #'# # @#


ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

T
t " )) .)

P
c ) ) ) 3
d ) )") ) 3

RI
) " )
0 " )

SC
k " " " k
" " "
d )) ) ")) )" 2
) ;" " " 3

NU
w MA
ED
PT
CE
AC


ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

#&

P T
4 > A

RI
> >D A > A> A> A>AD 4A

>

SC
44 >A>

A > DD D A> A>AD

NU
4 D>

DD AD D\D A>A

4>A
MA
D D AD>A 4 A D

> >A D D DA> 4A


ED

A AD > D> > \

>D DA>> > >\ A


PT

>DD > > > \

> D D>>A > A A


CE

AD >A> \A>A
AC

D >D >D A >A> DAD D\ DD>D

>A> A >D

A A > A> A> A

D D >D A> > A

>D 4A

DD A D>DD A> >D

DA A> A AD A>D 4A

A DA> AD D > \A>A >

>D AD


ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

T
'+ 4 4 :4+ +

P
4 '4 :'4' 4 4+ ' '+

RI
4 '4 :'4'

SC
4 4 ' 4 :4+ '

4 4 ' + 4

NU
4 :4 ' '4+ ' 4 '+

'4 4 :'4' 4
MA
4+ ' 4 :4+ ' '+

4
ED

'4 '4 ' 4+ '44 '

+4 +4'' 4 +4' ' +4' +'


PT

] 4 ''+44 + 4'+

4 :'4' 4 ' 4+ 4

'+ '
CE

] +4 ' 4

+ '44 ''4 4 '4 '4


AC

+4'' 4 4 4++ 4 ' +

] ' ] 4 ' +4 '

4 4 + 4 '4 :'4' 4 4+

' +

4 4 + 4 + '4 4 4

:'4' 4 4+ ' +4 '+ + '

'+

'+ c 4 '++ + 4

'4 '4 '4 :'4' 4 4+

'


ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

T
2 >?> ?A

P
> A >A> ?A ?A ?A A A

A A A> 2?

RI
AA? A> ? ?A

SC
A >A ?

> >> A?>? V A?A > A

NU
> ? >

? > A A VA ?>


MA
2 2 ? A

? ? A >V

? >? >
ED

2 >A> >

V> ?A?> ? 2?


PT

?> >?A A?A ?>>>

AA VV >?>> ?


CE

A A ? ?>> V

V AA A> ? ?


AC

> ?A ? ? ?

A?A >?>> ?

A?A ? ? A

? >?A> A?A ?

? A??AA A?A > ?A>

A?A> ?

2g?> ? ? A?AAA A?

>A A?>A >> ?> ?


ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

T
()*0 )456 6(6 ) ( (

P
) ) )() H() (

(J ( 6

RI
6(6 6) ()*0 )456 (

SC
6))6) 6 ( ) ( 6

(6 ) )() )() (

)6

NU
( 6 )(6() J) ( ) )( ( 6)

)6 ( (66 (

)( (
MA
( 6 )(6() J) ( ) )( (

6) ) 6 (


ED

( 6 6 6)()6 6

6 (

) ( () ( b
PT

)() ( ( ) () )(

) b (
CE

6( (66 (66 (6)( (

6) )() ()6 ) )( ( 6)( (


AC

)()

( () )( 6 6)() ( ()

)() 6 (

) (

6)( 6)() ( ( )() 6

6 6 ) () (

6 6( 6 ( ) ) ( 6)( 6)(

)( 6)( ( 6)( 6(


ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

T
+/01 177 0 0 1

P
7 ?? 117 7 10771

RI
+/01 0 0 1 7

SC
770 1011 7 11 10 7 01 +

0 10 1

NU
1 1 0 7 10771 0 0

707 ? 1011 0


MA
1 1 1 0 7 7

7 1 0 ?? 1171 1700 7

+07 +070 77 7 1 7 7 0 1

1011 0
ED

+/01 01 7

07 0 707 ?? 1011 7
PT

+ 01 0 01 0

+/01 01 07 0
CE

1 ?? 1011 01 07

01 7 77 7 0
AC

+/01 01 707 0 1

7 01 70177 01 0 10

01

0 1 0 ?? 1011 007 07

01 7 70 01 0

011

01 771 1

11 7010 1 101 ?? 1011

0 0


ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

T
.2 5 < 2.2

P
<2 22<2 2 < 2 <

< 2 . 2. 2

RI

SC
.2 < << <

<.2.< R<2 < .2. 2.< 22

.< <.< . <2 2

2<. 5<2 2<. < <.

NU
. << <2

2
MA
. 522 . << 2

..

2 5<2 22 <2
ED

<.< <2 2 2<.. 222 .

. . < ..< <


PT

22 2 2.2
CE

.< < 2 .<2 .


AC

5<<< 2< .2

5 2 2<.< 2<.. 2R

.<.2 < < ..< .<

<< .< 22 . 2<2

< <<. . . 2<.. 222

5 < .2< 2<.

.< 2

<. . <.< 2<..

<2 < < < . <.


ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

( + (1 1( +

P
(+ ( ( 1(1 +1((1

RI
11(+ I(1 1 ++1 1( 1+
(

SC
T( ( I+ ( 1
(1 +1 (+1+ 1(+1 ( + +1(
1+ +1(( [[ +(++ (


NU
] I ( 1 +(+ + (1
MA
(1 (1 ( + +1(1+ (
1 +1(( ++1+ (
(+ I1 + ( 1+ 1 (
11 ++1+ ( (++
ED

(+ (1( 1 1+ (
(1( (+++ ( 1(
PT


(+ 11 + ( +(+ (11
1+ ++1+ ( (+1 I(++
CE

(1df 1gh+ +(+ 1 (


( 1 1 1(1 I(1
AC

I 1 (+1 1( + ( +

+(+ (+ ( + + ( (+
1(1 +(++ (
+ 1(1( ( 1(1 + ( (
( 1(1 +(++ (

+ 11 1 (
+ ++ 1(+( + ( +[ +(+
11 ++ (

ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

T
*++ *++ 0 * *0+ 0*

P
0 + *

RI
K 0 * Q*0 * ++ *

RR ++0+ +0** + *0*+Q*0 +0

SC
*+ * *

*+ 0 *+ * 0*+0

* *0 *0+ 00 RR +*

NU
++ *

+ Q0

RR +*++ + 0+ +0**
MA
0 +0* * +0* +*

K * 0*0 * *0+ + + *
ED

*0+ *

0* 0* + 0* *

*+0 *++
PT

*+ 0*0 0* 0*0

* ++0 * +
CE

++ + Q*0 *

+++ + 0 *+ ** 0 * *
AC

++ + 0+ 00 *++

*++ **0 + 0*0 0 +

* 00 Q++

+ *0*0 RR +*++ 0

* ++0 00 +

0 + *


ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

Highlights

l Five different breakage kernels are implemented in OpenFOAM-2.2.x


l Droplet breakage in liquid-liquid dispersions with surfactants are simulated
l The predictions obtained with five breakage kernels are compared with experiments

T
l The multifractal kernel describes well when surfactants effect was included

P
RI
SC
NU
MA
ED
PT
CE
AC

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