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IV Solution Cheat Sheet

Type Description Osmolality Use Miscellaneous


0.9% NaCl in Isotonic Increases Replaces losses without altering
Water (308 mOsm) circulating fluid concentrations.
Normal Saline Crystalloid plasma volume Helpful for Na+ replacement
(NS) Solution when red cells
are adequate

0.45% NaCl in Hypotonic Raises total Useful for daily maintenance of


Water (154 mOsm) fluid volume body fluid, but is of less value
Crystalloid for replacement of NaCl deficit.
1/2 Normal
Solution Helpful for establishing renal
Saline (1/2
function.
NS)
Fluid replacement for clients
who dont need extra glucose
(diabetics)
Normal saline Isotonic Replaces fluid Normal saline with K+, Ca++,
Lactated with (275 mOsm) and buffers pH and lactate (buffer)
Ringers (LR) electrolytes and Often seen with surgery
buffer
Dextrose 5% in Isotonic (in Raises total Provides 170-200
water the bag) fluid volume. calories/1,000cc for energy.
Crystalloid *Physiologica Helpful in Physiologically hypotonic -
solution lly hypotonic rehydrating the dextrose is metabolized
D5W and excretory quickly so that only water
(260 mOsm)
purposes. remains - a hypotonic fluid

Dextrose 5% in Hypertonic Replaces fluid Watch for fluid volume overload


0.9% saline (560 mOsm) sodium,
D5NS chloride, and
calories.

Dextrose 5% in Hypertonic Useful for daily Most common postoperative


0.45% saline (406 mOsm) maintenance fluid
of body fluids
D5 1/2 NS
and nutrition,
and for
rehydration.
Dextrose 5% in Hypertonic Same as LR Watch for fluid volume overload
Lactated (575 mOsm) plus provides
D5LR Ringers about 180
calories per
1000ccs.
Normosol Isotonic Replaces fluid pH 7.4
(295 mOsm) and buffers pH Contains sodium, chloride,
Normosol-R calcium, potassium and
magnesium
Common fluid for OR and PACU

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