Epoxy-based proprietary type non-shrink grout shall be used for filling the space under base plates

and in sleeves around anchor bolts to vibrating equipment including all pumps, compressors, etc.

Anchor Bolts & Cast-in Items

Anchor bolts and nuts shall be galvanised and shall be grade 8.8 to BS 3692. Except for the
foundation bolts which shall conform to BS 7419, any bolt which will be under direct tension shall
conform to BS 4395.

Lock nuts shall be provided for anchor bolts to vibrating equipment. Anchor bolts, nuts and washers
shall be galvanised in accordance with BS EN ISO 1461. All other structural steel items cast-in to
concrete shall be hot dip galvanised accordance with BS EN ISO 1461 unless noted otherwise in the
project documents. Each anchor bolt shall be adequately anchored into concrete.

Washers and lock nuts shall be as per QCS Section 16, Parts 2.5.5 and 2.5.6, respectively.

The minimum distance from centre line of anchor bolt to edge of concrete plinth shall be the larger of 4
times the bolt diameter and below given values:
Bolt Size Minimum Edge Distance
20mm diameter 100mm
> 20mm diameter 150mm

The minimum distance from base plate to edge of concrete plinth shall be 75mm.

Adequate reinforcement shall be provided in concrete plinths to transfer the design tension and shear
from anchor bolts to the foundation. Vertical reinforcement in concrete plinths shall be provided with
sufficient anchorage length above and below the bottom of anchor bolts.
18.2.6 Steel Structures
18.2.6.1 General
The following provisions are applicable to steel structures, buildings, stairways and other
miscellaneous steelwork.

The design, details, fabrication and erection of structural steel shall be in accordance with BS 5950 (or
the latest BS-EN code superseding it).

All structural steel shall be of steel S275 JR conforming to BS EN 10025, or equivalent, as a minimum.

Minimum thickness of structural members and connections shall be as follows:

1. Except for the web of rolled steel sections, the minimum thickness of structural members shall
be 6mm; and
2. Minimum thickness for gusset plates in structural connections shall be 10mm.

18.2.6.2 Allowable Deflections

In addition to BS 5950 the allowable deflections given in the following table shall be adhered to.
Table 18-7: Deflection Requirements in Addition to BS 5950

Vertical Horizontal
Structure Member Type
Deflection Deflection
Purlins, girts L/200
Floor beams : without equipment L/300
Steel
: with equipment L/500
Members L/500
Crane runway girders L/750
Hoist monorail beams L/750

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 Cantilever Beams L/400
without equipment H/200
with equipment
Steel frames
-including wind allowance H/300
-not including wind allowance H/200
Main supporting beams
L/400
Combined deflections of intermediate beams and longitudinal tie
Pipe Racks L/200
beams
H/300
Pipe rack frames
H equals the height of frames and L equals the span of beams.
18.2.6.3 Connections
Bolted connections shall preferably be designed based on bearing type connections.

Unless noted otherwise in the project documents, all bearing type structural connections shall be
made using galvanised bolts of grade 8.8 conforming to BS 3692 in normal tolerance holes using a
minimum of 2 x M20 bolts; High strength steel bolts with minimum of 16 mm diameter of grade 8.8
conforming to BS 3692 shall be used for cast-in holding down bolts, walkway structures, joists, girts,
stair stringers, handrails and minor connections;

For structural connections other than bearing-type such as those where bolts are subject to direct
tension or those classified as slip-critical connections, the bolts shall conform to BS 4395.

Connection designs shall be based upon field bolting and shop welding.

Welding of structural steel shall be in accordance with AWS D1.1, BS EN 1011 Part 1 and BS EN
1011 Part 2;

Welded joints shall be seal welded. All welded joints exposed to the weather or to a corrosive
atmosphere shall be seal welded;

For steel sections fabricated from plate, connection between flange and web of section shall have fillet
weld both sides of web;

Unless noted otherwise, fillet welds shall be minimum 6mm leg length;

All welds shall be made using the following class electrodes as a minimum:
1. Class 35 electrodes to BS EN 440 or BS EN 499 for Grade S275 steel;
2. Electrodes class E70xx to AWS A5.1 or class ER70xx to AWS A5.18 with minimum elongation
22% are also acceptable for Grade S275 steel;
3. Class 42 electrodes to BS EN 440 or BS EN 499 for grade S355 steel; and
4. Class 50 electrodes to BS EN 440 or BS EN 449 for grade S460 steel.

Design strength of fillet welds shall be in accordance with Table 37 of BS 5950 Part 1.

Standard simple beam connections, unless otherwise noted, shall be designed and detailed by the
fabricator for the beam capacity load as shown in Part 3 of BCSA Structural Steelwork Handbook. For
member sizes not covered in Part 3 of the BCSA handbook the design load shall be equal to the
calculated reaction for the beam loaded with the maximum allowable uniform load assuming full lateral
supports.
18.2.6.4 Grating, Stairs Treads and Solid Plate Flooring
Grating shall conform to BS 4592 or equal and be galvanised to a coating weight of 610 g/m2, in
accordance with BS EN ISO 1461. Grating steel shall conform to grade S275 JR in accordance with
BS EN 10025 and shall be fixed with spring washers.

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 Load bearing bars: minimum 30mm x 5mm, with serrated top, at 30mm pitch.
Transverse bars: minimum 6mm x 6mm twisted square bars at 100mm pitch.

Stair treads shall have load bearing bars and transverse bars similar to Gratings. Treads shall be
supplied with end plate and a slip resistant nosing.

Solid chequer plate flooring shall be 6mm thick and galvanised to 610 g/m2, in accordance with BS
EN ISO 1461 or equal.

Where floor plates or grating are removable, the weight of a single plate or section of grating should
not be more than 45 kg.

Solid plate flooring shall be secured to supporting members by 10mm diameter countersunk bolts at
not more than 300mm centres.

Solid plate flooring shall have 12mm drainage holes at 600mm centres each way.
18.2.7 Walls and Claddings
18.2.7.1 Thermal Insulation
All buildings where air-conditioning is to be provided shall have sufficient thermal insulation. The
thermal properties of the building elements shall meet the following minimum standards:
The heat transmission (U) value for roofs : 0.570 watts/m2C
The heat transmission (U) value for external walls : 0.741 watts/m2C

All external windows shall be double-glazed with solar reflecting glass, 6mm thick minimum.
18.2.7.2 Concrete Blockwork
Blockwork shall be designed to BS 5628 and shall comply with BS 6073 Part 1 and QCS Section 13.

External walls shall be cavity type comprising of 100mm thick solid concrete block external skin,
150mm thick hollow concrete block internal skin and a 75mm cavity with 50mm thick insulation in
between the two skins.

Walls dividing storage areas from office areas and walls surrounding electrical rooms shall be
minimum 200mm solid concrete block. Other internal block work walls shall be minimum 150mm
concrete blocks.

Blockwork walls shall be tied to structural columns and beams using proprietary stainless steel system
that complies with the requirements of BS 5628. Cavity wall ties shall also be stainless steel.

Where joints are required, stainless steel plaster stops shall be used either side of each joint for all
external joints. Internal wall joints in office areas shall be finished flush with plaster on stainless steel
expanded metal.

Wall joints formed using plaster stops shall be filled using an approved two-part polysulphide sealant.

All blockwork up to the ground level shall be of solid blocks and of sulphate resisting cement and shall
2
have minimum compressive strength of 15 N/mm .
2
Minimum compressive strength of hollow block work shall be 7 N/mm .

Blockwork walls shall not be used as a structural load carrying member.

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