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Added-mass effect in the design of partitioned

algorithms for fluid-structure problems


Paola Causin, Jean-Frederic Gerbeau, Fabio Nobile

To cite this version:


Paola Causin, Jean-Frederic Gerbeau, Fabio Nobile. Added-mass effect in the design of par-
titioned algorithms for fluid-structure problems. [Research Report] RR-5084, INRIA. 2004.
<inria-00071499>

HAL Id: inria-00071499


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Submitted on 23 May 2006

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INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE

Added-mass effect in the design of


partitioned algorithms for
fluid-structure problems

Paola Causin Jean-Frdric Gerbeau Fabio Nobile

N 5084
Janvier 2004

THME 4
ISRN INRIA/RR--5084--FR+ENG

apport
de recherche
ISSN 0249-6399

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Unit de recherche INRIA Rocquencourt
Domaine de Voluceau - Rocquencourt - BP 105 - 78153 Le Chesnay Cedex (France)
Unit de recherche INRIA Lorraine : LORIA, Technople de Nancy-Brabois - Campus scientifique
615, rue du Jardin Botanique - BP 101 - 54602 Villers-ls-Nancy Cedex (France)
Unit de recherche INRIA Rennes : IRISA, Campus universitaire de Beaulieu - 35042 Rennes Cedex (France)
Unit de recherche INRIA Rhne-Alpes : 655, avenue de lEurope - 38330 Montbonnot-St-Martin (France)
Unit de recherche INRIA Sophia Antipolis : 2004, route des Lucioles - BP 93 - 06902 Sophia Antipolis Cedex (France)

diteur
INRIA - Domaine de Voluceau - Rocquencourt, BP 105 - 78153 Le Chesnay Cedex (France)
  


  

ISSN 0249-6399

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