STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

(based on NSCP 2001 Vol. 1 - 5 th Ed., AISC-ASD, ACI 347)

PROPOSED FALSEWORK DESIGN FOR MOAWA BRIDGE

(Simple Steel Frames with Diagonal Bracings)

GENERAL NOTES:
a. Analysis of frame is computed using Staad Pro V07 Analysis Software. Other members subjected
to design are considered to be simply supported.
b. For beam and column design, consider longitudinal section at centerline.
1. Interior Columns - carries 1 girder load and its components.
2. Exterior Columns - carries only of Interior column load and its components.
Therefore, Design Interior Columns Only.
c. Design procedures for adequacy requirements are done by:
1. Staad Pro V07 Program ..... Code: AISC-Allowable Stress Design
Members: H-Beam & Column (W12x65) AISC Steel
2. Detailed Calculation by Hand .. NSCP 2001-Allowable Stress Design
(Counter-Cheking) Members: H-Beam & Column (BH300x92) ASEP Steel
d. Sequence of section investigation and design:
1. Plywood Sheathing (1" thk.) .. ACI 347
2. Wood Joist (2"x4") @ 200mm O.C.. NSCP-ASD
3. SSP (Type-II) . NSCP-ASD
4. H-Beam as Girders (300x300mm) NSCP/AISC-ASD
5. H-Beam as Columns (350x350mm) NSCP/AISC-ASD
Note: USE 300x300mm section in design consideration.

e. Lateral Loads are to be neglected in the design. However, provide bracing supports for the
frame, especially on the transverse section if in case there are lateral forces that may occur.

DESIGN CRITERIA and SPECIFICATIONS

I. LIVE LOADS
7.20 KPa
a. Liveload (Special Loads for Construction)..
Sect. 205.3.4, T205-2, Pg.2-9
II. DEAD LOADS
a. Concrete .. 24.00 KN/m Sect. 204.2, T204-1, Pg.2-5
b. Steel Materials.77.30 KN/m Sect. 204.2, T204-1, Pg.2-5
c. Steel Forms .. 9.000 KPa
d. Wood Bracings..... 1.400 KPa
1.200 KPa
e. Formworks (includes pylwood & joists)
IV. ALLOWABLE STRESSES
a. Structural Steel Materials 276.0 Mpa

DESIGN SCHEME:
 STEEL and WOOD SECTION DESIGN and INVESTIGATION
PCDG Formwork and Falsework
(Based on NSCP 2001 Vol. 1, 5th Edition and ACI 347 )

Bridge Name: Moawa Bridge, Bohol

Length of Bridge: 32.0 m
Span Length: 3.6m to accommodate 9-pcs of SSP per span [Falsework]

INPUT DATA and DESIGN CRITERIA

Prestressed I-Girder = Type IV-B AASHTO Specs DEAD LOADS: Kpa psf KN/m
Area (Total) = 0.6123 m AASHTO Specs Steel Forms = 9.000 188.03 5.95
Girder Width = 0.661 m AASHTO Specs Wood Bracings = 1.400 29.25 0.93
(Unit Weight) = 24.024 KN/m 153 lb/ft Concrete = 22.25 464.86 14.71
(Linear Weight) = 14.710 KN/m 1008 lb/ft Formwork = 1.200 25.07 [Plywood & Joist]
Allow. deflection = L/180 Timber Sub-Total = 33.850 707.21 [Girder Components]
Allow. deflection = L/360 Steel
LIVELOADS:
Working Load = 7.200 150.4 [Special Loads]
I. DESIGN OF SHEATHING

Material Properties:
Source: (ACI 347 Table 4-2,4-3)

Plywood = 1.0" thk

Bending, Fb = 10.7 Mpa 1545 Psi
Shearing, Fv = 0.39 Mpa 57 Psi
E= 10,345 Mpa 1500000 Psi
S= 10,881 mm 0.664 in
I= 176,066 mm^4 0.423 in^4
0.661
Ib/Q = 5,730 mm 8.882 in
spacing, s = 0.204 m 8.03 in [(0.661-0.050)/3] s s s
Support = 3 or more spans
Design Section is ADEQUATE

Loadings: (Consider 1-ft strip of plywood) Loading Combination: (NSCP Sect. 203.3.1 - ASD)
DL = 707.21 psf
= 707.21 lb/ft
LL = 150.43 psf Wu = (DL + LL) = 857.640 lb/ft
= 150.43 lb/ft

wu = 857.6 lb/ft [self-weight included]

From ACI 347 Using Table 7-1 (Safe Spacing of Supports)

Spacings Bending, Fb Rolling Shear, Fv =l/360 =1/16"
(in.) 10.95 (FbS/wu) (20FvS/wu)(Ib/Q)+1.5 1.693(EI/wu) 3.234(EI/wu)
Max. Spacing 11.98 in 9.34 in 15.29 in 16.85 in
Actual Spacing 8.03 in 8.03 in 8.03 in 8.03 in
Check Act. < All Act. < All Act. < All Act. < All
Status [Adequate] [Adequate] [Adequate] [Adequate]
Therefore USE: Ordinary Plywood (1.0" thk) with Joist spaced @ 200mm O.C.
Note: Failure on Plywood if we use t=1/2" or even 3/4" with joist spaced @ 200mm O.C.
 STEEL SECTION DESIGN and INVESTIGATION
PCDG Formwork and Falsework
(Based on NSCP 2001 Vol. 1, 5th Edition and ACI 347 )

TABLE 7-1

II. DESIGN OF WOOD JOIST

Material Properties:
Source: (website: www.supertimber.com)

Coco Timber = 2" x 4"

b= 50.000 mm
d= 100.00 mm
Bending, Fb = 13.1 Mpa 1900 psi
Shearing, Fv = 1.30 Mpa 189 psi
E= 3,100 Mpa 449500 psi
S= 83,333 mm 5.085 in
I= 4,166,667 mm^4 10.010 in^4
Ib/Q = 3,333 mm 5.166 in
Unit Weight, = 4.33 KN/m 441 Kg/m
spacing, s = 0.204 m 8.03 in s s s
assumed length, L = 0.400 m 15.74 in
Design Section is ADEQUATE
selfweight = 0.022 KN/m
Support = 3 or more spans 0.40 0.40
 STEEL SECTION DESIGN and INVESTIGATION
PCDG Formwork and Falsework
(Based on NSCP 2001 Vol. 1, 5th Edition and ACI 347 )

Loadings: Loading Combination: (NSCP Sect. 203.3.1 - ASD)

DL = 33.85 Kpa
= 6.905 KN/m (DL)(s)
LL = 7.20 Kpa Wu = (DL + LL) = 7.063 KN/m
= 0.158 KN/m (LL)(s)

wu = 7.063 KN/m [including self-weight]

Mu = 0.141 KN-m 1/8(Wu)(L)
Vu = 1.413 KN (Wu)(L)
ACT = 0.182 mm (5/384) (WuL4 / EI)

Bending, Fb Shearing, Fv Deflection,

Stresses 4
6M/bd 3V/2A (5WuL )/384EI
Actual 1.692 MPa 0.424 MPa 0.182 mm
Allowable 13.100 MPa 1.300 MPa 2.22 mm
Check Act. < All Act. < All Act. < All
Status ADEQUATE ADEQUATE ADEQUATE
Therefore USE: Wood Joist 50x100mm (2" x 4") @ 200mm O.C.
Note: Not critical as long as SSP are placed side by side with no gaps.

III. DESIGN OF SSP Type-II (Deck Flooring)

Material Properties:
Source: Sumitomo SKSP Steel Sheet Piles
Note: As per one (1) ssp

SSP = Type II
b= 400 mm
d= 100 mm
t= 10.50 mm
A= 6,118 mm
fy = 276.0 Mpa
Allow. Bending, Fb = 82.8 Mpa 0.60fy (50% Eff.)
Allow. Shearing, Fv = 55.2 Mpa 0.40fy (50% Eff.)
E= 200,000 Mpa 0.40 0.40
S= 152,000 mm
I= 12,400,000 mm^4
Unit Weight, = 0.47 KN/m
span length, L = 2.250 m
selfweight = 0.003 KN/m
Design Section is ADEQUATE
Widthgirder = 0.661 m

Loadings: Tributary Area:

Girder Components = (Girder)(Wgirder)(s) 9pcs Span Length, L = 2.250 m
= (33.85)(0.661)(3.6) 9pcs Span Spacing, s = 3.600 m
= 8.950 KN
Selfweight = ()(Area)(L)
= (0.47)(0.006118)(2.25) Pu
= 0.006 KN
DL = 8.956 KN [per ssp]

Live Load = (LL)(L)(s) 9pcs

= (7.2)(2.25)(3.6) 9pcs
LL = 6.480 KN [per ssp]
 STEEL SECTION DESIGN and INVESTIGATION
PCDG Formwork and Falsework
(Based on NSCP 2001 Vol. 1, 5th Edition and ACI 347 )

Summary: Loading Combination: (NSCP Sect. 203.3.1 - ASD)

DL = 8.956 KN
LL = 6.480 KN Pu = (DL + LL) = 15.436 KN

Pu = 15.436 KN [self-weight included as per (1) ssp]

Mu = 8.683 KN-m Pu L / 4
Vu = 7.718 KN Pu / 2
ACT = 1.477 mm Pu L / 48EI

Bending, Fb Shearing, Fv Deflection,

Stresses
Mu / Sx Vu / A Pu L / 48EI
Actual 57.125 MPa 1.262 MPa 1.477 mm
Allowable 82.800 MPa 55.200 MPa 6.250 mm
Check Act. < All Act. < All Act. < All
Status ADEQUATE ADEQUATE ADEQUATE
Therefore USE: SSP Type-II for Deck Flooring placed side by side.

IV. DESIGN OF GIRDERS (H-Beam 300x300)

Material Section and Properties:

Source: (ASEP Steel Handbook 1994) y-axis

Built-Up Shape = BH 300 x 92 Flange Width-Thickness Ratio

A= 11,744 mm bf/2tf = 12.50
d= 300 mm
tw = 8.00 mm Web Depth-Thickness Ratio tf =12
bf = 300 mm d/tw = 37.50
d = 300

tf = 12.00 mm
x-axis
Linear = 0.904 KN/m [92.19] kg/m
w= 7.00 mm
k (crippling use) = 19.00 mm [t f + w] tw =8

rx = 132.60 mm
ry = 78.30 mm bf = 300
rt = 83.50 mm
Sx = 1,377,000 mm
Sy = 480,000 mm
Design Section is ADEQUATE
Ix = 207,000,000 mm4
Iy = 72,000,000 mm4
E = 200,000 Mpa
fy = 276 Mpa

Span Length, L = 3,600.00 mm [Actual Un-Braced Length in Bending]

Un-Supported , Lb = 3,600.00 mm [simply supported] [Max. Un-Braced Length of Compression]

Length, Lc = min { [200bf /fy] , [137900 / (fyd bf tf)] }

= 3,611.58 mm

L / rT = 43.11 mm
 STEEL SECTION DESIGN and INVESTIGATION
PCDG Formwork and Falsework
(Based on NSCP 2001 Vol. 1, 5th Edition and ACI 347 )

Determine Allowable Bending Stress, Fb:

Determine Allowable Shearing Stress, Fv:

COMPACT NON-COMPACT COMPACT or NON-COMPACT

Requirements Requirements Requirements [USE: min of b,c]
Fb = 165.60

a. (bf/2tf) (170/fy) NO a. (bf/2tf) (170/fy) YES a. Lb Lc NO

12.50 10.23 12.50 10.23 3,600.00 3611.58

b. (d/tw) (1680/fy) YES b. (bf/2tf) (250/fy) YES b. If Stress in Tension N/A

37.5 101.12 12.50 15.05 Fb = 0.60fy

c. Lb Lc YES c. Lb Lc YES c. If Stress in Compression N/A

3,600.00 3611.58 3,600.00 3611.58 Fb = max (x,y,z)
d. If a,b & c =YES (x) When
d. USE Fb = 0.66fy N/A Fb=min(x,y) 703,270Cb L/rt 3,516,330Cb
165.6
x = 0.60fy fy fy N/A
y =fy [0.79 - 0.000762 (bf/2tf) fy] =fy{2/3 - [fy(L/rt) / 10.55e6 Cb]}

(y) When
L/rt >3,516,330Cb
fy N/A
=(1,172,100 Cb) / (L/rt)

(z) For Any Value of L/rt

RESULTS: =(82,740 Cb) / (Ld bf tf) N/A
Fb = 165.60 MPa [see table]
Fv = 110.40 MPa [0.40fy] Note: Cb=1.75+(1.05M1/M2)+0.30(M1/M2) 2.3
USE: Cb=1.0 [Conservative Value]

Loadings: Tributary Area:

Girder = (girder)(Wgirder) W girder = 0.661 m
= (33.85)(0.661) Span Length, L = 3.600 m
= 22.375 KN/m Span Spacing, s = 2.250 m
SSP = ()(s)(Assp)(9.0 pcs) L
= (0.47)(2.25)(0.006118)(9.0 pcs) 3.6
= 0.016 KN/m
Selfweight = (linear)(L)
= (0.904)(3.6)
= 3.254 KN/m
Dead Load (TOTAL) = 25.645 KN/m

LL = (LL)(s)
= (7.2)(2.25)
Live Load (TOTAL) = 16.200 KN/m

Summary: Loading Combination: (NSCP Sect. 203.3.1 - ASD)

DL = 25.645 KN/m
LL = 16.200 KN/m Wu = (DL + LL) = 41.845 KN/m

wu = 41.85 KN/m [self-weight included]

Mu = 51.520 KN-m [see Staad Pro. V7 analysis results] Beam No. 1
Vu = 87.120 KN [see Staad Pro. V7 analysis results] Beam No. 1
ACT = 2.211 mm (5/384) (WuL4 / EI)
 STEEL SECTION DESIGN and INVESTIGATION
PCDG Formwork and Falsework
(Based on NSCP 2001 Vol. 1, 5th Edition and ACI 347 )

Bending, Fb Shearing, Fv Deflection,

Stresses 4
Mu / Sx Vu / d tw (5Wu L )/384EI
Actual 37.415 MPa 36.300 MPa 2.211 mm
Allowable 165.600 MPa 110.400 MPa 10.000 mm
Check Act. < All Act. < All Act. < All
Status ADEQUATE ADEQUATE ADEQUATE
Therefore USE: H-Beam (300x300) as Girder spaced @ 2.250m O.C.

Check: Local Web Yielding and Web Crippling R(actual) = 87.120 KN N = 300 K = 19
R/[tw(N+5k)] R/[tw(N+2.5k)] R = 177.2 (factor) R = 89.3 (factor) Factor
Stresses
d from end>d d from end d d from end>d d from end d 1.5
tw[1+3(N/d)(tw/tf)
dist. = 0.0 N/A USE N/A USE
Results 31.338 MPa 237.181 KN x (Fyw tf / tw)
Allowable = (0.66fy) 182.160 MPa 87.120 KN
Check Act. < All Act. < All
2.656 KN
Status ADEQUATE ADEQUATE
Therefore USE: H-Beam (300x300) as Girder spaced @ 2.250m O.C.
Note: PROVIDE adequate connection to steel pile caps. (Welding Connection)

V. DESIGN OF STEEL BEAM USED AS COLUMN SUPPORT

Material Section and Properties:

Source: (ASEP Steel Handbook 1994) y-axis

Built-Up Shape = BH 300 x 92 Flange Width-Thickness Ratio

A= 11,744 mm bf/2tf = 12.50
d= 300 mm
tw = 8.00 mm Web Depth-Thickness Ratio tf =12
bf = 300 mm d/tw = 37.50
d = 300

tf = 12.00 mm
x-axis [strong axis]
Linear = 0.904 KN/m [92.19] kg/m

rx = 132.60 mm tw =8
ry = 78.30 mm
rt = 83.50 mm
Sx = 1,377,000 mm bf = 300
Sy = 480,000 mm
Ix = 207,000,000 mm4
Iy = 72,000,000 mm4
E= 200,000 Mpa
fy = 276 Mpa
Column Length, L = 6,000 mm
Un-Supported , Lb = 6,000 mm
Length, Lc = min { [200bf /fy] , [137900 / (fyd bf tf)] }
= 3,611.58 mm
Select Type = (c) see NSCP Table
Length Factor, k = 1.2 see NSCP Table

kL / rt = 86.2275
Cc = (2 E / fy)
= 119.598
CHECK: Slenderness Ratio Requirements (Main Compression Member)
kL / rt = 200
86.23 200 [OK]
 STEEL SECTION DESIGN and INVESTIGATION
PCDG Formwork and Falsework
(Based on NSCP 2001 Vol. 1, 5th Edition and ACI 347 )

Determine Allowable Bending Stress, Fb:

Determine Allowable Shearing Stress, Fv:

COMPACT NON-COMPACT COMPACT or NON-COMPACT

Requirements Requirements Requirements [USE: min of b,c]
Fb = 165.48

a. (bf/2tf) (170/fy) NO a. (bf/2tf) (170/fy) YES a. Lb Lc YES

12.50 10.23 12.50 10.23 6,000.00 3611.58

b. (d/tw) (1680/fy) YES b. (bf/2tf) (250/fy) YES b. If Stress in Tension 165.60

37.5 101.12 12.50 15.05 Fb = 0.60fy

c. Lb Lc NO c. Lb Lc NO c. If Stress in Compression 165.48

6,000.00 3611.58 6,000.00 3611.58 Fb = max (x,y,z)
d. If a,b & c =YES (x) When
d. USE Fb = 0.66fy N/A Fb=min(x,y) 703,270Cb L/rt 3,516,330Cb
N/A
x = 0.60fy fy fy 130.31
6
y =fy [0.79 - 0.000762 (bf/2tf) fy] =fy{2/3 - [fy(L/rt) / 10.55e Cb]}

(y) When
L/rt >3,516,330Cb
fy N/A
=(1,172,100 Cb) / (L/rt)

(z) For Any Value of L/rt

RESULTS: =(82,740 Cb) / (Ld bf tf) 165.48
Fb = 165.48 MPa [see table]
Fv = 110.40 MPa [0.40fy] Note: Cb=1.75+(1.05M1/M2)+0.30(M1/M2) 2.3
USE: Cb=1.0 [Conservative Value]

Determine Allowable Axial Stress, Fa:

FS = 5/3 + 3(KL/r) - (KL/r)
= 1.89
8Cc 8Cc

Since,
kL/rt [<] Cc
Therefore,
When kL/r < Cc [Short-Columns] When kL/r > Cc [Long Column]

Fa = {1 - [(kL/r) 2 Cc]} x fy / FS Fa = (12 E) / [23 (kL/r)]

= 108.065 Mpa = N/A

USE: Fa = 108.065 MPa

Pu = 163.640 KN [see Staad Pro. V8i analysis results] Column No. 8

Selfweight = 5.424 KN [(Linear )(Length of Column)]
Pile Cap Weights = 2.034 KN [(Linear )(Length of Beam)]
Accecories = 1.636 KN (Assume 1% of Pu)
Total Pu = 172.734 KN

Mu = 2.810 KN-m [see Staad Pro. V07 analysis results] Column No. 8
fa = 14.708 Mpa [Pu / A] Actual Compressive Stress
fb = 0.006 Mpa [Mu / Sx] Actual Bending Stress

Summary:
fa = 14.708 Mpa fb = 0.006 Mpa
Fa = 108.065 Mpa Fb = 165.480 Mpa
 STEEL SECTION DESIGN and INVESTIGATION
PCDG Formwork and Falsework
(Based on NSCP 2001 Vol. 1, 5th Edition and ACI 347 )

(fa / Fa) 0.15 (fa / Fa) > 0.15 References: (interaction)

(fa / Fa) = 0.14
Requirements Requirements when 0.15
Check Governs N/A (fa/Fa)+(fb/Fb) 1.0
Interaction Value 0.136 when > 0.15
Check 1.0 fa + Cm fb 1.0
Status SAFE Fa (1-fa/Fe') Fb
Cm=0.60-0.4M1/M2 0.4
Columns Section is Adequate for Both Bending and
Therefore Cm =0.85 (sidesway) = 0.85
Compression
Fe'=(1030000) / (KL/r) = 138.53

CHECK Shearing Stress for Columns:

Vu = 0.690 KN [see Staad Pro. V07 analysis results]

fv = 0.288 Mpa [Vu / d tw]
Fv = 110.400 Mpa [Vu / d tw]
Check = [fv < Fv] [Satisfactory]

STAAD PRO V2007 ANALYSIS

wu = 41.850 KN/m [from Design IV-Steel Beam Design]

 STEEL SECTION DESIGN and INVESTIGATION
PCDG Formwork and Falsework
(Based on NSCP 2001 Vol. 1, 5th Edition and ACI 347 )

MOMENT DIAGRAM

SHEAR DIAGRAM

AXIAL FORCES