Name : 1) Muhammad Zakwan Bin Hamizi DF140102

2)

TYPE OF LIGHT BULBS

1. Incandescent light bulb

Incandescent lamps are artificial light sources generated through the

transmission of electric currents through filament which then heat up and
produce light. The glass surrounding the hot filament prevents the air from
contacting it so that the filament will not be directly damaged by oxidation.

Incandescent lamps are produced in a variety of shapes and are

available for voltage (voltage) work varying from 1.25 volts to 300 volts.
Incandescent bulbs required larger electric energy to produce bright light than
other artificial light sources such as lamps and light diodes, so gradually in
some countries the incandescent lamps are limited. In addition to utilizing the
resulting light, some of the incandescent lamps use more heat generated.

Figure 1.0 : Example of incandescent light bulb

2. Fluorescent

Fluorescent lamps are a type of gas discharge lamp that uses electric current to
stimulate mercury vapor. This stimulated mercury vapor produces a short wave
ultraviolet light that causes the phosphorus to produce visible light.
Fluorescent lamp converts electricity into light energy that can be better
utilized than light bulbs. The low cost of energy consumption surpasses the
initial cost of the lamp itself. This lamp is more expensive than a light bulb as
it requires an electric ballast to control the electric current in the lamp.
While regular tube types are widely used in commercial and
institutional buildings, solid fluorescent lamps are now available in the same
size as light bulbs as an alternative energy-saving home.
The basic principle of converting electricity into light energy on
fluorescent lamps depends on the electron's non-elastic dispersion. Free
electrons collide with gas atoms. If free electrons have enough kinetic energy,
they transfer energy to the outer electrons of an atom, causing the electron to
be elevated to high energy levels. The clash is 'not chewy' because of a slight
loss of energy.

Figure 2.0 : Example of fluorescent lamp

3. Halogen lamp

Halogen lamps are an incandescent lamp in which a wolfram filaments are

sealed inside a compact transparent envelope filled with inert gas and some
halogen elements such as iodine or bromine. The halogen rotation extends the
life of the light bulb and prevents the elimination of the cover glass by lifting
the wolfram powder from the inner bulb back into the filament . Halogen
lamps can operate their filaments at higher temperatures than normal
incandescent bulbs without age-reducing. These lamps provide higher
efficiency than ordinary incandescent lamps (10-30 lm / W), and also emit
light with higher color temperatures.
The function of the halogen in the lamp is to reverse the chemical
reaction of the wolfram evaporation from the filament. At standard
incandescent lamps, the wolfram powder is usually buried on a light bulb.
Halogen rotation keeps the light bulb clean and the light output remains
constant for almost a lifetime.

Figure 3.0 : Example of halogen lamp