REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE OF STUDIES

1. Manor, Pamela G.
Turnaround times in the laboratory: A review of the literature
12.2 (Mar/Apr 1999): 85-9.
According to Pamela Manor, all laboratory tests can be divided into three phases: prenalytic,
analytic, and postanalytic.

2. Dereck L. Hunt, MD; R. Brian Haynes, MD, PhD; Steven E. Hanna, MA, PhD; et al
Effects of Computer-Based Clinical Decision Support Systems on Physician Performance and Patient
Outcomes: A systematic review
October 21, 1998
Many computer software developers and vendors claim that their systems can directly
improve clinical decisions. As for other health care interventions, such claims should be
based on careful trials that assess their effects on clinical performance and, preferably,
patient outcomes.

3. T. Matthew Howell
Determining Computer Lab Usage for Academic, Social, and Personal Purposes. A Masters Paper for
the M.S. in I.S. degree.
April 2007. 48 pages.
According to him, computers have become an integral part of the lives of university students.
Although originally envisioned simply as a tool to enhance the educational experience, computers
now are used in all facets of students lives. Campus computer labs share a similar history. Their
original goal was to give students access to computers for academic reasons. Now labs are used for a
variety of other purposes.

4. Jing Ma, Jeffrey V. Nickerson

Hands-on, simulated and remote laboratories: A comparative literature review
Journal
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Volume 38 Issue 3, 2006
Article No.7
Accorfing to the authors, laboratory-based courses play a critical role in scientific
education. Automation is changing the nature of these laboratories, and there is
a long-running debate about the value of hands-on versus simulated laboratories.
In addition, the introduction of remote laboratories adds a third category to the
debate. Through a review of the literature related to these labs in education, the
authors draw several conclusions about the state of current research.

5. Dr Judy M Parr and Irene Fung, School of Education, University of Auckland. Report
prepared for the Ministry of Education.
A review of the literature in computer assisted learning, particularly integrated learning
systems, and outcomes with respect to literacy and numeracy.
November 2000
According to them, the effectiveness of computer-assisted learning (CAL) has not been conclusively
demonstrated. To date, it has been shown to be less effective, on average, than other forms of
intervention in education. In considering the results of evaluative research in computer assisted
learning, one has to avoid confounding the medium with the method.