wee-5 ASME 8233-4 78 MMH O7S9b70 OO41S25 3 Mm “K= 33- 0F AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Gas Turbine Control and Protection Systems e@ ANSI B133.4 - 1978 SECRETARIAT ‘THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NECHANICAL ENGINEERS PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS e United Engineering Center 3.45 East 47th Street New York, N. ¥. 10017ASME 8133-4 78 mm 0759620 0041530 T a ‘No pert of this document may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher, copyrights 1978 by THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS ‘All Rights eerve tit by tte Aetcan Society OF Mectanicl Br 8 13:25:00tit by tte Aretcan Society OF Mectanical En 206 2004 8 13 ASME 8133-4 78 MM O759670 0042532 1 mw FOREWORD ‘Tho purpose of the B133 standards is to provide criteria for the preparation of gus turbine procure ‘ment specllications. These standards will also be useful for response to such specifications, The B133 standards provide essential information for the procurement of gus turbine power plents. ‘They apply to open-eycle, closed-eycle, and semi-losed cycle eas turbines with conventional combs systems for industrial, marine, and electric powar applications. All auxiliaries needed for proper ope are covered. Not included are gas turbines applied to earth moving machines agrleulcural and industil-type tractors, automobiles, trucks, buses and aero-propulsion units, For gas turbines using unconvestional or special heat sources (such as: chemical pracesses, nuclear re- actors, or furnaces for superchanged Dollets), these standards may be usod as a basis; but appropriate modi fications may be necessary ‘The intent of the B133 standards is to cover the normal requirements of the majority of applications, recognizing that economic trade-offs und reliability implications may differ in some applications. The user ray desire to add, delete or modify the requlzements in this standard to meet his specific needs, and he has the option of doing so in his own procurement specification. ‘As specified in the B133.4 standard, tho gas turbine control system shall include sequencing, control, protection and operator information wiich shall provide forthe orderly and safe startup of the gas turbine, control of proper loading and an orderly shutdown procedure. Tt shall include an emergency shutdown capability. which cam be operated automatically by suitable fallure detectors or which ean be operated ‘manually. Coordination between gas turbine control and driven equipment must be provided for startup, ‘poration and shutdown. Suggestions for improvement of this standard wil be welcome. They should be sent to The American Socioty of Mechanical Engineers, United Engineering Centor, 345 Fast 47th Street, New York, NY 10017, American National Standard B133.4 was approved by the B13 Standards Committee and final approval by the American National Standards Instituto was granted on January 17, 1978,Mees ASME 6133-4 78 M@ 0759670 GO4LS32 3 Mm AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS COMMITTEE B133 Procurement Standards For Gas Turbines {The following isthe costar ofthe committe tthe time of spprovl ofthis Standard) OFFICERS A. Hata, harman A. Boromann, Vice Chirman ‘Alan Bag, Secretary STANDARDS COMMITTEE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA TR. M. Hoover, Volt, Beansk and Newman, Incorporated, Houston, Texas A, Aadett, Alternat, Westinghouse Hlectie Corporation, Piadelphia, Pennsylvania AIRCRAFT POROUS MEDIA, INCORPORATED FE. Bishop, Aicraft Porous Medi, Incorporated Glen Cove, New York AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS, THE ‘A. A. Hofer, GonerlEletee Company, Sdbenctady, New York Ve Madox, Alorete, Hydzocabon Processing, Houston, Texas BATTELLE MEMORIAL. INSTITUTE, 1H. Hocord, Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, Obio CINCINNATI GAS AND ELECTRIC COMPANY 1 A Borgmana, Cincinnati Ga and Fete Company, Cincinnati, Ohio CONSOLIDATED EDISON COMPANY OF NEW YORK, INCORPORATED ‘Alan Tepliy, Conslidated Edson Company of New Vork, Incoporated, New York, New York DOW CHEMICAL OF CANADA, LIMITED ZL. P. Zanyk, Dow Chemical of Cantds, Limited, Stn, Onto, Canada [HDISON ELNCTRIC INSTITUTE “4. E, Barry, Misius Publi Service Company, Kansas City, Missourt {. A. Olton, Alternate, Laon Eletie asst, New York, Now York EDERAL POWER COMMISSION 1. £, Blggertat, Federal Power Comlssion, Washington, D.C L.A. Schunpin, Alternate, Fedral Power Commision, Washington, DC. GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY TRL, Hondvckson,Genal Electuic Company, Schenectady, New Vork A.W. Smith, General Hectec Company, Schenectady, New York INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS. “A. 6 Dolbee, GoneralHletie Company, Greenville, South Carolina 1B. Miler, Alternate, Wstinghoure Eesti Corporation, Piadlphi, Ponnsy ania MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGY, INCORPORATED '. &, Babson, Mechanic Tcehnology, Ioozporated, Latham, New York PURDUE UNIVERSITY 1M. R. LeCuver, Purdue Ualversty, West Lafayette, Indiana SOCIETY OF NAVAL ARCHITECTS AND MARINE ENGINEERS Dr. B.A. Ring, nelle Shipbding Divison, Liton Industries, Pascagouls, tessipp Copa by te Aretican Sosity OF Mechanical noise Wed Sep 08 13:25:11 2004weet p 08 132517 itt bythe rene Society O* Mecha ASME B133-4 78 m@ 0759670 QO42533 5 mm "TRALSCANADA PIPELINE, LIMITED 'D. G. Danaghey, Transsnada Pipeline, Limited, Toronto, Ontario, Canada ‘TURBODYNE CORPORATION L. T. Briaon, Tutbodyne Corporation, St Cloud, Minnesota ‘TURBO POWER AND MARINE SYSTEMS {GE Edgerty, Turbo Power ané Marne Systems, Fazmington, Connecticut US, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ames Tremante, US. Department of Commerce, Watngton, D.C USTAG FOR ISO/TETOISC% T. &, Stott, Sta-Laa, Incorporated, Einsford, New York \WESTINGHOUSE BLECTIIC CORPORATION 8. M, DaCoro, Westinghouse Hletrie Corporation, Lester, Pennsylvania ‘A. Hate, Westinghouse Fletie Corporation, Laster, Ponnsyvania WOODWARD GOVERNOR COMPANY IK. A. Teumer, Woodwatd Governor Company, Fort Collins, Colorado INDIVIDUAL MEMBER R.A. Mormon, Contant, Latham, New York PERSONNEL OF TASK FORCE 8193.4, GAS TURBINE CONTROL, AND PROTECTION SYSTEMS KA. Teumer, hxinman, Woodward Governor Company, Fost Calling Colorado ‘Stove Bazi Long sand Lighting Company, oli, Nw York Waren Dittmer, Consliated Eaton, Long land Cty, New York ona tere, nieratonsl Harvester Company, San Digo, California ‘8 durezat, Tutto Power and Mfrine Syste, Farmington, Connecticut P. MeGuire, Drewce industries, Olean, New York '&. Aeo, Coopes Bessemer Company, Mount Vernon, Ohio 1M. Road, Great Lakes Transmission Company, Petoskey, Michigan a ‘Shinn, Dr, General Fietie Company, Schenectady, New York Zoll, Curtiss Wright Corporation, Wood Rigs, Nev Jeesey Wlscot, Westinghouse Heer, Philsdelin,Peonylvas z e a a keForeword Standards Commitice Roster. 1. Scope 2. Control System, 241 Control Functions 2.2 Fuel Control, 3.1 Protection Requirements 4, Instrumentation . 5. Communications tt by tte Aetcan Society OF Mectanicl Br 08 13252 ASHE 8133-4 78 m™ 0759670 00 23 Performance Requirements 24 Wiring 3.2 Alam and Shutdown System. 41535 7 a CONTENTS Table 1. ‘Typical Alarm and Shutdown Functions. . ceceeee 5nee.) ASME 8133-4 78 MM 0759670 OO4LS35 9 yt by Med Sep 8 13 ANSI 8193.4.1978 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD GAS TURBINE CONTROL AND PROTECTION SYSTEMS 1. SCOPE ‘The intent of this Standard isto cover the normal requirements of the msjority of applications, re-og niring that economic trade-offs and reliability implica tons may differ in some applications. The user may desire to add, delete or modify the requirements in this standard to meet his specific needs, and he has the option of doing so in his own bid specification. The gas turbine control system shall include se- quencing, control, protection and operator informa don which shal provide forthe orderly and safe start- ‘up of the gas turbine, control of proper loading and an orderly shutdown procedure. It shall include an ‘emergency shutdown capability which can be operated automatically by suitable failure detectors of which can be operated manually. Coordination between gas ‘turbine control and driven equipment must be pro- vided for startup, operation and shutdowa. 2. CONTROL SYSTEM 2:1 Control Functions 2A Starting. The starting control system, including any prestart requirements, may be manual, semauto: ‘matic or automatic as defined below: (1) Manual start shall be provided upon mutual sgreement of manufacturer and user. Manual start shall require the operator to start the auxiliary equip rent; initiate, hold and advance the starLng sequence (crank, purge, firs) and accolorate to minimum gover nor setting or ready for synchronizing in the cate oF generating sats. @) Semi-automatic sequence start may or may not require manual starting of the auxiliaries and shall permit the operator to commit the turbine by a single rene Society OF Mechanica Ea 25:28 2004 action to the complete starting sequence up to a mini ‘mum governor selling or ready for synchronizing in the case of gonerating sets. 3) Automatic sequence starts requize only single action to start the required auxiliary equipment and inilite the complete starting sequence up to miniraum governor setting or ready for synchronizing in the ease of generating sets. () The starting control system shall provide auto: matic purge period (whether the starting sequence is ‘manual or automatic) of suffeient duration to peemit tho gas turbine to displace any combustible from the Infot through the entire exhaust system, iscluding the stack, before firing the unit. Depending on the fuel ‘used or application, additional precautions may be necessay. 2A.2 Loading. Loading of the set may be manual, semi-automatic or automatic up to a specified power level. Automatic loading may follow directly the stat ing sequence without requiring any additional action In any mode of loading, periods of dwell at specific Toads may be introduced to provide for warmup requirements. When required by the application, the tUme from the start initiation to a specific load level ‘or loading rates such as standard and emergency may be spectfed. 2.1.3 Shutdown. Shutdown may be normal or emer: gency. Consideration shall be given to the relationship ‘of turbine controls to driven equipment. Except where otherwise specified, automatic means shall be provided for isolating upon’ shutdown the driven equipment from the system which it is supplying in order to prevent motoring or reverse flow. It may also be nec: essary to operate venting systems for the release of stored energy.yet bythe Aretican Society O Mechanical Erin 8 13:25:33 2004 ASME 8133-4 78 MM 0759670 OOWL536 0 om AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD GAS TURBINE CONTROL AND PROTECTION SYSTEMS (1) Normal Shutdown, Normal shutdown sball fl: Yow an orderly, safe, step-by-step procedure based ‘upon the requirements of the specific machinery and applications. This may be achieved by manual, semi automatic or automatic moans. Means shall be pro- vided to permit restart, (2) Fmergency Shutdown, Bmergoncy shutdown must be capable of manual operation and must also ‘eccur automatically ssa result of automatic operation of plant protection dovices, The system must cause the fuel shutoff valve to cut off the engine fuel supply. Normal shutdown sequence, as appropriate, should subsequontly take place. Where practical, means shall be provided to prevent restart without corrective action. 2.2 Fuel Control ‘The fuel delivered to the prime mover must be con: ‘rolled throughout the operating regime, from intial Tight-off to maximum conditions as well as all accel- erations and decelerations. The degree of control and the accursey of main- {ining a set point are @ function of the specific sp- plication and should be specified in detail in procure ment documents 2.2.1 Steady State Speed Regulation. Steady state speed regulation or droop shall be capable of adjust ‘ment within the range of 2 lo 6%%at sated speed. 2.2.2 Constant Speed. Gas turbines which aro to be regulated to a substantially constant speed (in pati: lar those driving electric generators), shall be fitted ‘with a governor sensing the output shaft speed. Unless ‘otherwise agreed between the user and manufacturer, ‘the speed changer shall be capablo of adjusting the turbine speed, while the turbine is operating at zer0 output, to any value between 95 and 106% of rated speod With the generator synchronized to the grid, the speed changer of the gus turbine fuel control shall be capable of reducing the output from maximum unit rated output to zero in an operating Lime specified by the user to be compatible with other speed changers ‘on units runang in parallel. 2.2. Variable Speed. For gas turbines which are re ‘uired to operate over a range of speeds, such as with ‘mechanical drives, suitable eonttol equipment should bee provided. The speed range should be specified by the user. vst 8122.4978 2.24 Isochronous Control. The speed governing sys- tom shall be capable of isochronous speed control if required by the user. 2.3 Porformance Requit 2.1 Deadband. The deadband at rated speed and at ‘ay power output up to and including the maximum power output shall not exceed 0.1% of the rated speed. However, for large output generator applica- tions the deadband will be expected to be generally lower. ents 282 Drift, Drift limitation of any control mode should be agreed upon between manufacturer and 2.3.3 Stabllty of the Speed Governing System (1) The speed governing and fuel control systems, with the turbine operating between zero and maximum Toad, shall be capable of stable control of (a) The speed of the turbine when the driven equipment ie operated isolated. (b) The fuel energy input to the turbine whe the driven equipment is operating in parallel with other driven equipment In certain cases, the control Is obtained by a combination of (a) and (b) above. Stability of opera- {dom is aso required in these cases. 2) The speed governing and fuel control systems shall be considered stable when: (@) The deiven equipment is operated isolated and under sustained load demand, and the magnitude of the sustained ofeillations of turbine speed produced by the speed governing system and fuel control sys- tom does not excood a peak-to-peak amplitude of 0.24% of the rate speed (ISO DIS 3977), State-of-the- art control systems can be expected to he stable with 1 peak-to-peak amplitude of 0.12% of rated speed or less, (®) The driven equipment is operated at rated speed in parallel with other dzivon equipment at con- stant speed and the magnitude of the sustained oscila- tions of energy input produced by the speed govern ing systom and fuel control system does not produce 1 change in output exceeding a peak-to-peak ampll- tude of 4% of the rated output (ISO DIS 3977). State-of-the-art control systems can be expected 10 be stable with a peak-to-peak amplitude of less than 37% of rated outputMee right bythe Ameen Society O* Mecha E p08 1.2559 2004 ASME 6133-4 78 MM 0759670 OO41S37 2 mm AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD GAS TURBINE CONTROL AND PROTECTION SYSTEMS For gas turbines of lage output, the permissible magnitude of oscillations is expected to be generally lower. 2.34 Stability of the Temperature Controt System. ‘The temperature control and fuel control systems shall be capable of controlling with stability the tem- peratures of the gus turbine when the turbine is oper ating on temperature control at the maximum limit or the ambient condition existing. ‘The temperature. limiting or control system and fuel control systom shall be considered stable provided: the-mapnitude of the sustained oseilation of turbine fuel energy input produced by them does not produce a change in output exceeding peak-to-peak amplitude of 6% of rated output (ISO DIS 3977), State-of the art control systems oan be expected to be stable with less than a peak-to-peak amplitude of 4% of rated utp 235 Stability of @ Kilowatt Control System. For generator applications, the kilowatt control and fuel control systems shall be capable of controling with stability the kilowatt Ioading when the gas turbine is ‘operating on kilowatt control on a constant frequency bus. ‘The kilowatt control and fuel control system shall bbe considered stable provided the magnitude of sux- tained oscillation of turbine fuel enosgy input pro duced by them does not produce a change in output excesding a peak-to-peak amplitude of 4% of rated ‘output. State-of-theast control systems can be ex- peoted to be sable with a peak-to-peak amplitude of less than 3% of rated output, 2.36 Stability of a Mechanical Drive Control System. For gas turbine mechanical drive application, the fuel control sysiem shall be eapable of controling with stability the gas turbine output power. ‘The fuel control system shall be considered stable ‘when with steady load conditions, the magnitude of sustained oscillation of turbine fuel energy input pro- duced by it does not produce a change in output power exceeding a peak-to-peak amplitude of 4% of rated power. Stste-oFthe-art control systems can be expected to be stable with a peak-to-peak amplitude of less than 3% of rated output, 2.3.7 Overall System Stability. In certain installations ‘where the driven equipment and its associated system ‘exercises an overriding influence, the criteria of stabil- lty in the above paragraphs may not be achievable anst era2aso7@ 2.3.8 Transiont High Speed Limits. Unless otherwise agiéed upon by the user, governor systems shall vont the ges turbine from reaching the turbine tip speed with an instantaneous los of load up to rated load unless such a loss of Toad isnot a practical cond It is recognized thatthe speed transients area func. tion not only of governor performance, but also of the gas turbine characteristes, the inertia of the rotat ing mass and magnitude of load transients possible. 2.3.9 Output Powar Limiting. Consideration shall be given to the need for preventing excessive shaft output power by means such as lowering the turbine limiting temperature as a function of decreasing ambient temperature. Other means may be used such a5 sensing output power or gas producer speed as a control parameter. 24 Wiring Consideration shall be given to wiring methods in order to minimize operating problems. This includes wire routing, shielding, high machine temperatures, vibration, separation of contro, instrumentation, and power leads as well as terminal connections, terminal and wire markings and circuit protection. 3. PROTECTION SYSTEM 3.1 Protection Requirements 3.1.1. Fuel Shutoff. In addition to the fuel governor valve, the fuel control system shall includo a separate fast acting shutoff valve or “stop valve” which stops all fuel flow to the turbine on any shutdown condi tion, and which will nt open until all permissive ring conditions ar satisfied. ‘The risk from fuel leakage into the gas turbine after shutdown shall be minimized by means such as use of vent valves or redundant positive shutoff valves, 3.1.2 Overspeed Protection. An overspeed trip shall bbe provided to operate ata level which will not allow the transient speed to exceed the maximum safe limit for the line of shafting or other driven equipment lunder any sudden loss of load. Its main function is the cut off of fuel by means independent of the main governor. In a gas turbine system, particularly with mult shaft units, where coupled equipment may be sub jected to high acceleration on loss of load, speed may continue to rise after the operation of the overspeed.tit by tte Arercan Society OF Mectanicl Bn 8 13: 2004 ASME 8133.4 73 mm AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD GAS TURBINE CONTROL AND PROTECTION SYSTEMS tip. Hence transient speeds significantly greater than the cutoff speed may be attained. The turbine shall be capable of subsequent normal operation without the need for inspection. Attention is drawn to thenec- essity of insuring also that all coupled equipment, in cluding auriliasies electrically, mechanically or hy- raulicaly coupled, withstand the corresponding loverspood. Each separate line of shaft shall be protected against excessive speed independent of the main gov. ernors, with an overspeed trip, unless it ean be shown, that dangerous overspeeding is not a practical pos- sibility Equipment design shall allow testing of the over: spood protective devices, Additional protection against ovorspoed may be re- {quired in cases of stored heat or large stored volumes Of high pressure air. Such protection may, for ex- ample, take the form of blow-off valves or load resis tors actuated by the main governor or overspeed trip, or both, 3.1.8 Underspeed Protection. Consideration between ‘manufacturer and user should be given to underspeed protection where underspeed limitation may exist cithor in the gas turbine or the driven load. 3.1.4 Fire Protection. Equipment shall be provided for fhe sensing, extinguishing and preventing reign tion. Provisions shall bo made for alarm and shut down when fie is sensed. Consideration shall be given, to delaying the release of extinguishing agent to facilte personne! evacuation. 3.1.6 Flame Failure. Where application of safety ro quirements make it necessary, a means shall bo pro: vided to shut off the fuol in the event of flame failure. 3.1.6 Control Failure Mode. Consideration shall be siven to the action performed by the control and safety devices in the event of control eitult failure. In general controls and controlled devices should move to tho most safe operating condition for a particular pplication. 8.2. Alarm and Shutdown Systom ‘The control system shall include a sonsing, alam, shutdown, and display system for conditions which ‘could result in damage to or a shortened life of the 28 turbine unit. Typical requiroments are shown ia Table 0759570 0041535 4 mm ANSI 8139.41978 3.2.1 Audible Alarm. An audible alam shall be pro- vided which is actuated by the alarm and shutdown system. When the slarm function is specified in addi- tion to a shutdown function, the alarm may be set to precede the shutdown so that corzective action may be taken, 3.2.2 Annunciator. An annunciator system for both alarm and shutdown shall be provided which wil dif- ferentiate between a shutdown condition and an alarm condition, The annunciatorshall clearly indicate which function caused the shutdown, Spare anmunciator capacity should be availble after completion of intial standard installation as agreed upon between manu facturor and user. 3.2.2 Test. For some applications certain specified alarm and shutdown systems may be capable of being tested during operation 38 agyoed to between user and manufacturer. 4, INSTRUMENTATION Instrumentation typically may include meters, recorders, gauges, counters and data loggers, Tnstru mentation, either local or remote, should be accossble to monitor gas turbine conditions for reasons of safety, maintenance, operation and _performanee Some examples of typical parameters which may be ‘monitored are the following: Temperature Pressure Stops Operating Hours 5. COMMUNICATIONS Remote operation and remote monitoring requires supervisory equipment sorving at an interface for com munication between the gas turbine control system and a control eenter. The parametors and functions 10 be processed by the supervisory equipment must be identified ia the gat tusbine control specification in ‘order to provide signals compatible with the super- sory equipment,Mee ASME 8233-4 78 MM 075970 0041539 & ill AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD GAS TURBINE CONTROL AND PROTECTION SYSTEMS ani a123.41078 ‘Table 1. Typical Alarm and Shutdown Functions ~ | Funetion ‘iam | Shutdown 4. Law Lube Pressure 2. Overipeed Trip Operation 23, Turbine Exhaust Temperature ‘4. Excat Vibration in Turbine or Ovvan Equlpmant é 1 Standby Lube Oi! Pump Operating Low Fuel Supply Pressure ‘High Diferanta Presur, Inlet Ai Fit 10, High and Low Oi! Reservoir Level 11. High Ditferantil Prez Lube Fitor 12, High Lube Cooter Ouit Temperature 13. Hiah Boaring Temperature or Lube Oi! Oran Temperature 14. Haraedous Aimaspnere Detection 16. Otho Protetive Daviat on Turbine Auxiiras e 16._Other Prostar Drver-Equlpment Funetions In sven aoplcation, the manufacturer and war may mutuely epee to modify this “abla. Goncor forthe toed or proves varus protection of the turbine would be faster it ‘aking shutdowns mandatory or eptional itt bythe Arenen Society O* Mecha p08 13:25:50,ASHE 8433-4 78 mm 0759470 GOWLS¥O 2 mm ‘TITLE OF STANDARD Gas Turbine Terminology (in preparation) Basie Gos Turbine, 1977 Ges Turbine Avxary Fauipment (in pepaation) Gas Turbine Control and Protection Systems, 1978 Gas Turbine Fleetrical Equipment (in preparation) Gas Turbine Ratings and Performance (in preparation) Gas Turbine Fuels, 1977. Gas Turbine Installation Sound Emissions, 1977 Gas Turbine Emissions (in preparation) Gas Turbines—Shipping and Installstion (in preparation). Gas Turbines-Maintenance and Safety (in preparation) Gas Turbino Marine Applications (in preparation) Gas Turbine Power Plants, 1966 (R1973), (Approved as an ‘American National Standard in 1974) tit by tte Aerican Society OF Mectanical Er 8 1332536 2004 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS FOR GAS TURBINES Gas Turbines—Information to be supplied by User and Manufacturers (in preparation) 133.1 133.2 81333 BI33.4 BI335 1336 3133.7 BI338 1339 133.10 BI33.11 8133.12 8133.16 pre 22 The ASME Publications Catalog shows a completo list of al Standards published by the Society. koo091