Welding Lightweight
Steel Framing Members
By Kathy B. Sedgwick, Executive Director
This article originally appeared in the ruption, another efficiency advantage. Common Welding Problems
June 1988 Foundation Updates and has Generally, SMAW is harder to master Certain problems seem to recur when
been updated to reflect current than GMAW because the heat is more welding lightweight steel framing.
developments in the field of welding difficult to control, requiring almost These problems include freezing, distor-
lightweight steel framing. Updates is constant adjustment as job and weather tion, arc blow, porosity and surface
published by the Foundation of the conditions change. For this reason, holes. Welder skill is an important fac-
Wall and Ceiling Industry. operator skill is a limiting factor in tor in avoiding these common welding
SMAW and requires more training than problems.
GMAW. One of the first skills a welder must
A Comparison of SMAW acquire is striking a clean arc. Some-
and GMAW Producing Good Welds times the electrode accidentally comes
While both GMAW and SMAW pro- in the Field into direct contact with a framing sec-
cesses provide high quality welds, each Producing good welds requires con- tion, creating an instantaneous fusion of
is best suited for certain applications. siderable skill. The welder must move the electrode and the work surface. This
Criteria for selecting an appropriate the electrode across the base metal at a fusion or freeze can be corrected by
welding method include: location of the constant height and rate of travel in firmly twisting the electrode holder.
welding, equipment costs, efficiency, order to maintain a continuous arc and Another problem, distortion, usual-
and welder skill requirements. at the same time keep the weld in place, ly occurs when large light gage steel
SMAW is probably used most fre- the proper consistency and uniform in sections are welded, requiring welds at
quently for field work, while GMAW is size. frequent intervals. The base metal
preferred for shop use. Achieving weld consistency and becomes twisted out of its original
SMAW equipment typically costs less uniformity is not a simple matter. A design so that the two components no
than GMAW because it does not require truly skilled welder takes pride in pro- longer fit. Distortion occurs most often
special hoses to carry shielding gas. In ducing a neat weld, properly fused, of with SMAW which heats the welded
addition, SMAW equipment which uses correct dimension and good appearance. component to a greater degree than in
AC is available, eliminating the need for Pre- and post-weld cleaning tech- GMAW and GMAW-S. The only solu-
a rectifier. niques are important for producing high tion to severe distortion is to cut the
The SMAW electrodea short rod or quality welds. Before welding begins, components apart and refabricate the
stickis more portable than GMAWs the steel framing component must be panel.
continuous feed wire spools. However, free of paint, excess moisture, dirt, oil When stray magnetic fields cause the
the continuous feed method is far more and rust. After welding (SMAW only) arc to wander from its intended path,
efficient. the cooled bead should be wirebrushed this problem is called an arc blow. To
SMAW requires wirebrushing after to remove excess slag. Welds on correct the problem, switch to AC
each pass to remove the slag covering galvanized steel should be coated with welding, if possible. Use lower currents
the bead. In contrast, GMAW wire a rust inhibitive, zinc rich paint, as and smaller electrodes, reduce the arc
doesnt produce slag, thus allowing specified by most steel framing length, and weld in the direction of the
multiple welding passes without inter- manufacturers. blow.
Eye damage is
the most common
injury sustained
by welders.