APPENDIX

A. Data
Pipe Length, L = 10.04 m
Diameter of inner pipe = 0.5 in

The following data are taken from Ref [#]

Water density, = 993.342 kg/m3 (at 36 OC)
Water mean heat capacity, c p = 4.179 kJ (30 OC to 40 OC)
TABLE 2
Raw Data

Trial 1 Trial 2
Inlet Steam Temperature, () 102 102
Inlet Cooling Water Temperature, () 30 30
Outlet Steam Temperature, () 36 36
Outlet Cooling Water Temperature, () 36 36
Log Mean Temperature Difference, () 8.11 8.11

Cooling Water Volumetric Flow Rate, (mL/s) 250.18

Cooling Water Mass Flow Rate, (g/s) 248.51

Rate of heat transfer, (kJ/hr) 22.43 103 22.43 103

Overall Heat-Transfer Coefficient, U (/ 2 ) 3455 3455
Run 1 Run 2 Run 1 Run 2
Volume of water collected (mL) 478 564 513 566
Duration of run (s) 2.07 2.18 2.04 2.18

B. Sample Calculations
a) Heat Transfer area
A 2 Di L
0.0254 m
A 2 0.5 in 10.4 m
1 in
A 0.801 m 2

b) Water flow rate

Refer to Trial 1 Run 2

volume of water collected

V
duration of run
564 mL
V
2.07 s
V 258.7 mL/s

Data shown in the Table 1 and 2 are the average of the four runs.
 c) Mass flow rate of cooling water
Refers to the average volumetric flow rate

m V
0.993342 g 250.18 mL
m
mL s
m 248.5 g

d) Rate of heat transfer

Q mc c p T
248.5 g 1 kg 3600 s 4.179 kJ
Q 36 C 30 C
s 1000 g 1 hr kg C
Q 22.43 103 kJ/hr

e) Log mean temperature difference

To Ti
TLM
ln To / Ti

To Tho Tco
To 36 C 36 C
To 0C

when To 0C , the log mean temperature difference will into a mathematical error (ln (0)). Since the principle
behind heat exchangers do not allow equilibrium of temperatures between the two fluids (only at infinite area), there
must be a temperature difference but is very small such that no difference can be observed from temperature gauge.
This very small temperature difference To will be assumed to have a value of To 0.01 C .

Ti Tho Tco
Ti 102 C 30 C
Ti 72 C

0.01C 72C
TLM
ln 0.01C / 72C

f) Overall Heat-Transfer Cofficient

Q UATLM

Q
U
ATLM
22.43 103 kJ/hr
U
0.801 m 8.11C
2

U 3455 kJ/hr m 2 C