References

Armstrong, M. (1994). Statistics, truth, and action.127(1)

Armstrong discusses the inconsistencies and fluctuations in data involving animal

overpopulation and euthanasia within the United States. She points out that shelters are

not monitored or regulated at a federal level so consequently there is no single entity that

collects accurate data. Armstrong discusses the issue with the lack of accountability,

touching on instances where shelters manipulate voluntary data and euthanize animals

with no reasonable justification other than a risk of reaching or exceeding the carrying

capacity. She argues that regardless of numbers or statistical findings, we must come to a

consensus regarding the issue and implement an effective plan of action.

Bowen, R. A. (2008). Animal reproduction science: Male contraceptive technology for

nonhuman male mammals.105(1-2), 139--143.

Bowen discusses the importance of reducing male fertility and contraceptives, indicating

that there is no ideal male contraceptive and various ways to tackle the issue. Male

contraceptive techniques through non-surgical means has been shown to reduce the

likelihood of overpopulation in both humans and animals. In order to tackle the issue of

overpopulation we must work on controlling the birth rates.

Malthus, T. R. (2016). The american journal of economics and sociology: Is overpopulation a

problem? multiple perspectives on this perennial question.75(4), 843-861.

 Malthus presents a multitude of perspectives in order to come to a consensus about whether

or not overpopulation is a prominent issue. There were many interesting perspectives from

an array of scholarly individuals, but it was again noted that human overpopulation is a

threat to the existence of other species. Domesticated species, primarily cattle, were used to

show that our biomass and the biomass of the animals we raise accounts for approximately

97% of the earths overall biomass of vertebrae.

Marcus, M. (2016). Connecting the dots between species extinction, overpopulation, and the use

of resources.89(2), 28-31.

Marcus takes a different approach to the issue of overpopulation by primarily focusing on

the impact of human birth rates on other species. He argues that the overconsumption of

resources and our growing population is responsible for the extinction of many species,

resulting in a lack of biological diversity that is necessary to support our existence. The

only way to support our growing population is to destroy the habitats of other species to

accommodate our own and use more resources that may or may not eventually run out.

Marcus suggests that the only way to slow down the process is to limit births as well as

cut back on our consumption levels.

Thornton, G. W. (1998). Taming pet overpopulation.131(4)

Winograd, N. (2007). Redemption: The myth of pet overpopulation and the no-kill revolution in

america.
Zawistowski, S., Morris, J., Salman, M. D., & Ruch-Gallie, R. (1998). Population dynamics,

overpopulation, and the welfare of companion animals: New insights on old and new

data.1(3)