CURSO: ENERGTICA
INTEGRANTES:
CICLO: X
Las centrales trmicas a gas han adquirido gran importancia en las ltimas
dcadas aumentando progresivamente su uso como recurso energtico en la
produccin de energa elctrica, a lo largo de los aos se han ido descubriendo
nuevas reservas que se usaran en el futuro para la produccin de energa
elctrica, su masificacin se ha ido propagando en las ltimas dcadas.
Las centrales elctricas que utilizan como combustible la biomasa han crecido
en los ltimos aos, aumentando su uso para la produccin de energa
elctrica. Su capacidad instalada en el ao 2015 es de 1949 MW.
Las centrales trmicas con motores de combustin interna, fueron ampliamente
usados en la dcada de los 80s llegando a tener una capacidad de 250 MW en
el ao 1991. Su uso actualmente es nulo, fueron reemplazadas por las
centrales trmicas a gas.
PRODUCCIN
EXPORTACIN
REFINERAS
Cuenta con una gran cantidad de Centrales Trmicas que utilizan varios tipos
de hidrocarburos. Adems de centrales hidroelctricas.
TOTAL TRANSFORMACIN
Hubo una gran fuga de gas natural en 2009 alcanzando la cifra de 191 840 TJ.
CONSUMO FINAL
APROVECHAMIENTO HIDRO
Despus fue disminuyendo para luego aumentar hasta el ao 2015 que llego a
43.97%.
RELACIN EXPORTACIN CON PIB
1970
La Matriz de Electricidad nos muestra los diferentes recursos energticos que
son transformados en las centrales elctricas y autogeneradores, hasta llegar
al consumidor final que son los diferentes sector del mercado elctrico.
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
En este ao la hidroenergia aporta 223 775.45 TJ, el gas natural 153 646.52 TJ
y el carbn mineral 68 428.95, son los que ms aumentaron. Los sectores de
mercado se mantuvieron casi igual. El sector residencial esta en 38%, industrial
27%, comercial, servicios, publico 22%, agro, pesca y minera 8%, construccin
y otros 5%.
AO 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
ENERGTICOS
Caa de Azcar y Derivados 2.3% 3.1% 2.4% 3.9% 2.5% 6.6% 6.7% 6.3% 6.6% 6.8%
Carbn Mineral 9.6% 10.9% 9.5% 11.1% 10.0% 8.9% 9.0% 9.1% 9.2% 8.9%
Carbn Vegetal 0.4% 0.4% 0.4% 0.4% 0.4% 0.4% 0.4% 0.4% 0.4% 0.4%
Coque 1.6% 1.6% 1.6% 1.5% 1.6% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1%
Diesel Oil 5.8% 4.8% 3.7% 3.9% 8.0% 7.5% 7.7% 7.8% 7.7% 8.1%
Electricidad 6.5% 6.8% 7.3% 8.9% 8.4% 7.4% 7.7% 7.8% 8.4% 9.0%
Fuel Oil 9.0% 8.9% 13.0% 8.7% 7.9% 8.9% 9.8% 9.6% 7.3% 6.0%
Gas Licuado 2.6% 3.0% 0.9% 1.0% 2.4% 2.1% 2.1% 1.9% 1.7% 1.5%
Gas Natural 1.9% 2.1% 2.5% 2.7% 2.4% 2.3% 2.3% 2.6% 3.9% 3.9%
Gases 1.6% 1.5% 1.3% 1.2% 1.0% 0.3% 0.4% 0.3% 0.4% 0.3%
Gasolina/Alcohol 20.0% 21.3% 22.0% 24.8% 23.2% 22.6% 22.7% 23.3% 23.9% 24.4%
Kerosene/Jet fuel 6.0% 4.3% 4.1% 4.0% 6.2% 5.9% 5.8% 5.9% 5.9% 6.0%
Lea 32.7% 31.3% 31.3% 27.9% 26.0% 25.9% 24.4% 24.4% 24.1% 24.0%
Otros Primarias 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.4%
Petrleo 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.8% 0.6% 0.4% 0.3% 0.4%
SECTORES
Agro, Pesca y Minera 2.5% 2.0% 0.0% 2.1% 2.7% 7.0% 7.2% 7.1% 7.3% 7.3%
Comercial, Servicios, Pblico 2.1% 3.8% 6.4% 2.3% 2.6% 2.1% 2.2% 2.3% 2.4% 2.3%
Construccin y Otros 3.5% 1.2% 2.7% 2.0% 0.1% 2.8% 3.8% 4.2% 3.5% 3.3%
Industrial 25.1% 32.5% 26.5% 28.4% 30.8% 26.8% 27.5% 27.1% 27.3% 26.0%
Residencial 46.6% 35.8% 39.0% 36.2% 36.5% 33.6% 32.0% 31.9% 31.1% 31.5%
Transporte 20.1% 24.8% 25.4% 28.9% 27.2% 27.8% 27.3% 27.5% 28.4% 29.5%
Fuente: SIEE-OLADE
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990
7.0% 6.4% 6.8% 6.8% 7.1% 7.5% 7.1% 6.9% 6.7% 6.5% 6.5%
8.6% 8.7% 7.6% 8.0% 7.7% 8.2% 8.4% 9.1% 7.7% 8.5% 8.7%
0.4% 0.4% 0.4% 0.4% 0.4% 0.4% 0.4% 0.4% 0.4% 0.3% 0.4%
0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1%
8.6% 8.8% 9.0% 9.1% 9.3% 9.4% 9.0% 9.2% 9.5% 9.7% 9.6%
9.4% 9.6% 10.2% 10.2% 10.9% 10.6% 11.6% 11.2% 11.4% 12.0% 12.1%
4.6% 3.8% 3.8% 3.2% 1.8% 1.2% 0.7% 0.9% 0.7% 0.5% 0.5%
1.6% 1.8% 2.0% 2.1% 2.2% 2.2% 2.1% 2.2% 2.2% 2.1% 2.4%
4.1% 4.6% 4.9% 4.6% 5.0% 5.0% 5.3% 5.0% 5.3% 5.3% 5.5%
0.4% 0.3% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.4% 0.2% 0.2% 0.1%
24.7% 24.3% 24.3% 25.3% 24.9% 25.0% 25.5% 25.7% 26.6% 26.6% 26.1%
5.4% 5.7% 5.6% 5.1% 4.4% 4.4% 3.8% 3.8% 3.7% 3.5% 3.6%
23.6% 23.8% 23.7% 22.6% 22.6% 22.2% 21.9% 21.1% 21.1% 20.6% 20.3%
0.4% 0.4% 0.4% 0.7% 0.7% 0.7% 0.8% 0.8% 0.7% 0.7% 0.8%
0.9% 1.2% 1.1% 1.5% 2.7% 2.9% 3.1% 3.2% 3.5% 3.4% 3.5%
7.2% 7.1% 7.4% 6.0% 6.5% 6.4% 6.8% 6.3% 7.6% 7.6% 7.0%
2.3% 2.5% 2.8% 3.0% 3.2% 4.0% 4.2% 3.3% 3.2% 3.6% 3.7%
3.7% 3.0% 3.7% 3.6% 2.9% 2.5% 2.4% 4.2% 5.1% 4.8% 2.9%
25.7% 25.6% 24.3% 25.4% 26.0% 26.2% 25.9% 26.0% 24.8% 25.4% 26.7%
31.1% 31.5% 31.5% 31.1% 30.9% 29.9% 29.6% 29.2% 28.8% 28.9% 28.8%
30.0% 30.3% 30.3% 31.0% 30.5% 30.9% 31.0% 30.9% 30.4% 29.6% 30.8%
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
6.2% 6.8% 7.6% 8.3% 8.6% 8.6% 8.9% 4.2% 9.4% 9.9% 9.9% 10.0%
8.7% 8.3% 10.0% 9.6% 8.2% 8.3% 8.5% 9.2% 8.5% 8.6% 8.5% 8.0%
0.4% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.7% 0.7% 0.7% 0.7% 0.4%
0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.3% 0.2% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1%
9.4% 10.2% 10.2% 10.4% 11.0% 12.0% 12.9% 14.0% 12.7% 14.3% 14.3% 14.4%
12.2% 12.0% 12.3% 12.4% 12.6% 12.6% 13.2% 13.5% 13.0% 13.6% 14.4% 14.6%
0.9% 1.0% 0.5% 0.3% 0.9% 0.5% 1.0% 0.8% 0.5% 1.6% 1.6% 2.1%
2.4% 2.5% 2.5% 2.5% 2.5% 2.8% 3.2% 3.7% 3.8% 4.0% 4.0% 3.8%
5.6% 5.4% 5.3% 5.5% 5.6% 5.8% 6.4% 6.8% 8.0% 8.5% 10.8% 11.8%
0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1%
26.0% 25.7% 24.6% 24.5% 24.7% 23.9% 26.0% 26.9% 24.3% 21.8% 19.7% 19.3%
3.6% 3.7% 3.5% 3.7% 3.7% 3.5% 4.0% 4.0% 4.0% 3.7% 3.7% 3.7%
20.2% 19.3% 18.3% 17.6% 17.2% 16.8% 10.1% 10.6% 10.6% 10.6% 10.8% 10.2%
0.8% 1.0% 1.2% 1.2% 1.1% 1.2% 1.3% 1.7% 1.7% 1.4% 1.4% 1.4%
3.3% 3.4% 3.4% 3.4% 3.3% 3.4% 4.0% 3.6% 2.7% 1.3% 0.0% 0.0%
6.4% 7.5% 7.2% 7.8% 7.6% 7.7% 7.7% 7.1% 8.0% 8.3% 8.5% 8.2%
3.9% 3.9% 3.7% 3.9% 3.9% 4.1% 4.6% 4.6% 5.2% 5.7% 5.4% 5.4%
1.1% 2.0% 4.5% 5.7% 1.3% 1.6% 1.1% 1.5% 1.4% 0.6% 0.5% 0.3%
27.7% 27.1% 27.9% 29.0% 29.0% 29.1% 31.4% 29.3% 30.9% 31.5% 31.0% 33.2%
28.8% 26.6% 25.6% 24.2% 24.4% 24.3% 18.8% 19.6% 19.9% 20.1% 22.8% 20.9%
32.1% 32.9% 31.1% 29.5% 33.7% 33.3% 36.4% 37.9% 34.6% 33.9% 31.8% 32.0%
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
9.7% 3.9% 3.5% 6.0% 2.8% 7.7% 7.4% 3.5% 5.0% 4.2% 4.3% 4.7% 4.5%
8.4% 7.9% 7.3% 8.2% 5.0% 8.0% 8.0% 7.9% 6.8% 8.3% 7.2% 7.3% 7.6%
0.6% 1.5% 1.4% 0.3% 0.0% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0%
0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.2% 0.1% 0.5% 0.5% 1.5% 1.5% 1.0% 1.1% 1.1% 1.5%
15.6% 18.6% 18.2% 19.7% 21.7% 19.3% 22.1% 23.9% 24.5% 25.4% 25.0% 24.8% 23.2%
14.5% 16.7% 17.5% 15.2% 16.2% 14.6% 16.3% 17.1% 16.5% 16.5% 16.8% 16.9% 17.0%
0.8% 0.5% 0.2% 0.6% 0.8% 0.8% 0.6% 0.5% 0.5% 0.3% 0.2% 0.5% 1.1%
3.5% 3.5% 3.2% 3.8% 4.5% 3.9% 3.0% 2.8% 2.6% 2.3% 2.2% 2.3% 2.3%
12.2% 14.1% 17.5% 17.0% 19.8% 20.9% 15.8% 15.7% 16.5% 16.2% 17.0% 15.4% 16.5%
0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
18.5% 19.1% 15.8% 17.9% 18.1% 14.8% 16.0% 16.6% 16.4% 16.5% 16.9% 17.4% 16.6%
3.3% 3.7% 3.2% 2.8% 2.9% 2.5% 2.8% 2.9% 2.9% 3.1% 3.1% 3.8% 4.0%
10.1% 8.3% 10.3% 7.6% 7.7% 6.4% 6.9% 6.8% 6.2% 5.9% 5.6% 5.2% 5.0%
1.3% 1.5% 0.8% 0.3% 0.2% 0.3% 0.3% 0.5% 0.4% 0.4% 0.3% 0.5% 0.6%
1.3% 0.4% 0.8% 0.3% 0.2% 0.2% 0.1% 0.2% 0.2% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0%
7.8% 6.0% 7.6% 1.0% 1.0% 1.0% 1.1% 1.2% 1.1% 1.3% 1.3% 1.8% 1.3%
5.5% 5.3% 7.1% 3.3% 3.5% 3.3% 4.8% 5.0% 4.9% 5.0% 5.2% 5.5% 5.2%
1.7% 0.3% 1.1% 12.8% 16.4% 16.7% 12.8% 13.7% 14.8% 15.5% 15.2% 12.9% 8.6%
32.6% 32.8% 31.7% 28.3% 21.3% 29.4% 28.8% 26.1% 26.0% 25.8% 25.6% 26.1% 29.0%
20.9% 18.9% 23.1% 21.4% 22.1% 18.8% 18.5% 18.9% 17.9% 17.2% 17.0% 16.6% 16.2%
31.6% 36.7% 29.4% 33.3% 35.7% 30.9% 33.9% 35.1% 35.3% 35.2% 35.7% 37.0% 39.7%
En 1970 los recursos energeticos que mas se utilizaron fueron :la lea,
gasolina/alcohol , kerosene , carbon mineral, fuel oil . a prinicpios de los 70s
aun no se empieza a utilizar el gas natural como fuente energetica.
En los 80s observmos como algunos energeticos van siendo utilizado cada vez
mas con e tiempo mientras que otros se usan en menos porcentaje como es el
caso de la lea , el fuel oil.
Los energeticos que mas utilizacion tienen son: la gasolina/alcohol 25% ,lea
24% ,electricidad 9% ,diesel oil 9% , kerosene 5%.
En 1990, la menor utilizacin de la lea como energtico se va asentando,
debido a la aparicin de otras fuentes energticas mejores y con ms poder
calorfico. Ya se empieza a utilizar cada vez ms el gas natural, la gasolina
creci en 1% y la electricidad en 3%.
Los sectores en los 80s tuvieron una ligera variacin en la parte industrial
respecto a la dcada pasada, el transporte se incremento en 10% y el
residencial disminuyo en 16%.se dio un incremente significativo en el sector
agro, pesca y minera que alcanzo con un 7%.
En 1990 el consumo energtico por sectores vario ligeramente respecto a la
dcada pasada.
http://sier.olade.org/