PAE102 AERO SPACE PROPULSION Time : 8 hours Maximum : 100 marks PART A—(10 x 2= 20 marks) Answer ALL questions. 1. Define valve lead and valve lag for a piston engine. 2, Rocket engines are more suitable for space applications. Why? 3. Define by pass ratio and ypecific impulse. 4, Name two important performance parameters for an aircraft jet engine and write down their significance, 5. Whats the need for valves in the case of a pulse jet engine? Compare the Heat release in the turbine and nozzle in the case of a turbojet, turbofan and turboprop engines. 7. _ Define under expansion and over expansion in a rocket nozzle. 8. What is cryogenic propellant? Give two examples. 9, What is the function of an isolator in a Scramjet engine? 10. Define different types of inlet operations in a Ramjet engine. PART B— (5x1 80 marks) Answer ALL chcosing either (a) or (b) of each question. 11. (@) How the aircraft piston engines are classified? Explain with example. (16) Or (®) G@ Compare the performance of air breathing and rocket engines with sketches. (a0) (i) List down the applications of turbojet, turbo fan and turbo prop engines. © 12, (@) The jet velocity of a propelling nozzle is twice that of the flight speed of a turbojet engine which develops a thrust of 25000N. Determine the rate of fuel consumption in kg/s under the following conditions Ambient pressure and temperature : 0.7 bar and 1°C. Compressor total head pressure ratio : 5:1 24957/N16Flight speed ; 800km/hr Calorific value of fuel : 42000 kJ/kg Ram efficiency : 100% ‘Turbine pressure ratio : 2.23 Isentropic efficiency of compressor, turbine, nozzle and combustor are given by 85%, 90%,95% and 98% respectively. Assume the mass flow of fuel is emall compared with the mass flow of air and that the working fluid throughout has the properties of air at low temperature, Neglect the extraneous pressure drop. Assume C=C, 005 kg, K. Or (b) Describe the working principle, thermodynamic cycles, governing equations and performance of a turbo jet engine with neat sketches. 13. (a) Compare the three types of combustion chambers and explain the working principle of the jet engine combustion chamber. Or (®) @ Explain the working principle of a Pulse jet engine. ®) Gi) A centrifugal compressor has to deliver 35kg of air per second, Estimate the axial width of the impeller at the impeller tip given * the following data: @ Speed: 11500rev/min Pressure ratio: 4.2:1 Impeller diameter: 76 em Adiabatic efficiency of compressor: 80% Radial velocity: 120 m/s Inlet conditions are 1 bar and 47°C 14, (@) Explain cone and bell shaped nozzles used for a rocket. Compare their performances, advantages and disadvantages, Or (b) The following data are given for an optimum rocket Average molecular mass: 24kg/kg-mol Chamber pressure 2 2.588 MPa External pressure : 0.090 MPa Chamber temperature : 2900K ‘Throat area + 0,00050 m? Specific heat ratio ; 13 24957/N16 2Determine @ ‘Throat velocity Gi) Specific volume at throat Gi) Propellant flow (iv). Specific impulse () Thrust (vi) Mach number at exit 15, (@) (@ Discuss the problems associated with supersonic combustion. (8) (i) Explain the working of a ram rocket with 4 neat sketch. ® Or (b) A Ramjet engine is travelling at Mach 3 at an altitude of 4572 m, the external static pressure is 57.1 kPa and the external static temperature is 258.4 K. The heating value of the fuel is 46520 kJ/kg. Air flows through the engine at 45.35 kg/s. The burner exit total temperature is 1944 K. Find the thrust, fuel ratio and TSFC. The specific heat ratio can be assumed as 1.4. 24957/N16 3AE 1602 ‘ME. DEGREE EXAMINATION, APRIL 2011. (Aeronautical Engineering) First Semester AEROSPACE PROPULSION ‘Time : 8 hours Maximum : 100 marks 10, 1. 1470 PART A — (10 x 2= 20 marks) Answer ALL questions. All questions carry equal marks. Distinguish between jet propulsion and rocket propulsion. List down the applications of a turbojet engine. Classify air breathing engines. Draw a schematic diagram of the turbojet engine. Write down the application of pulse jet engine Write down the formula for thermal, propulsive and overall efficiency of the turbojet engine. State the limitations of hybrid rockets. Name any two oxidizer-fuel combinations used for hybrid rockets. What are the special requirements for supersonic combustors? What is the need for supersonic combustion? PART B —(5 x 16 = 80 marks) Answer ALL choosing either (a) or (b) of each question. All questions carry equal marks. (a) Discuss and classify power plants based on methods of aircraft propulsion system. a6) Or (b) Classify rocket engines and explain any two in detail a6)12. 13. 14. 15. 1470 (a) ) @ (b) @ () fa) (b) Explain with a neat sketch, the components of @ turbofan engine. (16) Or Discuss in detail, the steps involved in jet engine parametric cycle analysis, a6) Describe the working of turbojet engine with the aid of illustrate sketch and show the various process on T-S diagram, How would it change for a reheat cycle, a6) Or Discuss in detail about the efficiencies of a diffuser, comprossor, combustion chamber, turbine and nozzle with required relations and detailed graph. a6) () What are the important factors that influence the burning rate of a solid propellant? Explain them with appropriate sketches, (8) (ii) How do you classify solid propellant rockets? Name any four solid propellant ingredients with two examples for each. @ Or In rocket engine, propellant flow rate is 6.2 kg/s, nozzle exit diameter is 9 em, nozzle exit pressure is 1.02 bar, ambient pressure is 1.013 bar, thrust chamber pressure is 22 bar and thrust is 7.2 KN, Calculate. Effective jet velocity Actual jet velocity Specific impulse Specific propellant consumption. 6) A ramjet is travelling at Mach 2 at an altitude of 4572 m, the external static temperature is 258.4 K and the external static pressure is 57.1 kPa. The heating value of the fuel is 46526 kJ/kg. Air flows through the engine at 45.35 kp/s. The burner exit total temp is 1944 K. Find the thrust, fuel ratio, and TSFC. The specific heat ratio can be assumbed to be 14, (16) or (i) Deseribe the working of a ramjet engine, Depict the various thermodynamic processes occurring in it on h-s diagram. 8) (ii) Discuss the performances of supersonic combustion ramjet. Compare subsonic and supersonic combustion ramjets. (8) 21632 AE 1602 M.Tech, DEGREE EXAMINATION, APRIL 2012. (Aeronautical Engineering) First Semester AEROSPACE PROPULSION +: Bhours Maximum : 100 marks PART A— (10 x2 = 20 marks) Answer ALL questions, All questions carry equal marks. Compare piston engine with jet engine. : Jet engines are altitude limited? Explain. Define by pass ratio. Write two methods of thrust augmentation. Write two advantages of axial flow compressor. What is the need of valves in case of pulse jet engine. ‘What is cryogenic propellant? Give example. ‘Write any two demerits of hybrid rocket motor. What is the need for supersonic combustion? ‘What is the function of spike in case of Ramjet Engine. PART B— (5 x 16 = 80 marks) Answer ALL choosing either (a) or (b) of each question. All questions carry equal marks. (@) How the aircraft piston engines are classified? Explain with example. (16) Or () Explain the working principle of turbofan engine with neat sketch. (16)of 5000m. The ‘emperature is, wssion delivery 1 Calculate the a6) aw T-S diagram ‘ a6) ® ® ® © principle of gas ® brid rocket. What ® () The following measurements were made in a sea level test of a solid @) © propellant rocket motor Burn duration 40 sec Initial mass before test 1210 kg Mass of rocket aftertest 215 kg Average thrust 62250N Chamber pressure 7MPa Nozzle exit pressure 0.07 Mpa Nozzle exist and throat dia 0.0855 m and 0.2703 m Determine the mass flow rate, exit velocity, characteristics exit velocity and specific impulse at sea level. (a6) Explain the different modes of Ramjet operation with neat sketch. And also give the cycle diagram and derive thrust equation. a6) Or (@® Discuss the problems associated with supersonic combustion. . (8) Gi) With neat sketch explain the working principle of integral ram- rocket. ®AE1602 M., Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATIONS, APRIL 2013. AEROSPACE PROPULSION ‘Time : 8 hours Maximum : 100 marks 10. uL, PART A—(10 x 2= 20 marks) Answer ALL questions. All questions carry equal marks Differentiate jet engine from piston engine. Rocket engines are mofé suitable for space applications, why? Define by pass ratio. What is the need of reheating in jet engine? Differentiate centrifugal compressor from axial flow compressor. Define combustion efficiency. Define specific impulse and write down its units, What is hypergolic propellant, give one example. What is the need for supersonic combustion? Write two disadvantages of scramjet engine. PART B—(6 x 16= 80 marks) Answer ALL choosing either (a) or (b) of each question. All questions carry equal marks. (a) How the aircraft piston engines are classified based on their arrangement of cylinders, explain with sketch and examples. (a6) Or (b) Explain the working principle of turbofan engine and how it is different from turboprop engine. (a6) 1096812. (@) ) 13. (@) ) 14. @) ) 15. (@) ) 10968 () What is thrust augmentation? Explain all the methods of thrust augmentations applicable to jet engines. (20) (i) Draw and explain the T-S diagram cycle of turbojet cycle with reheating. © Or Explain the working principle of turbojet engine and compare it with ‘turbofan engine. (16) An ideal turbojet flies at sea level at a Mach number of 0.75. It ingests 74.83 ke/s of air, and the compressor operates with a total pressure ratio of 15. The fuel has the heating value of 41,400 kJ/kg, and the after burner exit total temperature is 1389K, Find the developed thrust, and the TSFC. One can assume that the specific heat ratio is 1.40. a6) Or Compare the three types of combustion chamber and explain the working principle of the jet engine combustion chamber. (a6) Explain the working principle of a solid rocket motor with its advantages and disadvantages. (6) Or Explain the working principle of a hybrid rocket motor with its advantages and disadvantages. (a6) Explain the different modes of ramjet operation with neat sketch. (16) Or Explain the working principle of scramjet engine and how it is different from ramjet engine. a6), 2PAE102 AERO SPACE PROPULSION ‘Time : 3 hours Maximum : 100 marke PART A— (10x 2= 20 marks) Answer ALL questions. 1. "Rocket engines are more suitable for space applications. Why? 2. What is IWR? 3, Define TSFC. Write down its significance, 4, Define by pass ratio and specific impulse, — 5, What are the important factore affecting combustor design’? 6. What is the neod for valves in case of pulse jet engine? 7: What are the advantages of Liquid engines over solid rockets? 8, What is cryogenic propellant? Give two examples? 9, What is the function of spike in case of Ram jet engine? 10. Write down the need for scranijet engirie for hypersonic flight. PART B— (5 x 16 = 80 marks) ‘Anawer ALL choosing either (a) or (b) of each question. 11. (a) () Define thrust of an engine and derive the thrust equation for a general propulsion system, ® (i) Compares the performance of air breathing and rocket engines with sketches. . ® Or (o) Explain the working priticiple of a solid rocket motor with its advantages and disadvantages. 12. (a) Explain the working principle of a turbo fan engine with a neat sketch. Or (b) An aircraft flies at 800 Km/hr. One of its turbo jet engines takes in 10800 kg/hr of air and expands the gases to the ambient pressure. ‘The air fuel ratio is 40 and the lower calorific value is 43100 kJ/kg. 23438/N1513, (a); (b) 14. (a) ®) 15. (a) (b) For maximum thrust power determine @ det velocity i) Thrust (iii) Specific thrust (iv) Thrust power - (v) Propulsive, thermal and overall efficiencies (vi) | TSFC! 7 . @ What are the performance requirements and design variables for a subsonic inlet. ® Gi) Explain the working principle of axial flow compressor. ® Or Discuss in detail about the efficiencies of a diffuser, compressor, combustion chamber, turbitie and nozzle with required relations and with detailed graph. How do! you classify solid propellant rockets? Write down the desired properties of a solid propellant rocket, Or (@) A rocket flies at a speed of 10,000 kmph with an effeetive exhaust jet velocity of 1350 m/s and the heat produced by the propellant is 6000kd/kg. If the propellant flow rate is 4.8 ke/s, find propulsive ~ Power, propulsive efficiency, thermal efficiency and Overall efficiency. (10) (i) Plot Mach number, ‘static temperature, static pressure and static density variations along the longitudinal axis of a convergent . divergent nozzle when it flows full. Explain the variations. © Describe the working principle of a ramjet engine. Describe the various thermodynamic /processés in the h-s diagram of the cycle. How does it vary for a real ramjet engine? Or , (i) What is the need for supersonic combustion; explain with example of scramjet with neat sketch and graphs, ao), (ii) Compare sub sonic and supersonic combustion ramjets. © 23438/N15 \ 2