(para computatas)
Bernard Shaw:
You have nothing to do but mention the quantum theory, and
people will take your voice for the voice of science, and believe
anything.
Feynman
Ralf Landauer:
I Informacao e fsica.
F Deve entao fazer parte da Fsica a Teoria da Informacao e a
Teoria da Computacao?
Visao corrente:
I Fsica e informacional.
F Deve a mecanica quantica (espacos de Hilbert) fazer parte da
Informatica?
Paul Benioff
1982: Publica um PRL:
Quantum mechanical models of Turing machines
that dissipate no energy. Physical Review Letters,
48(23):15811585, 1982
constante ou balanceada.
Peter Shor
1993: Algoritmo de Shor
I Fatoracao de numeros grandes
Em R2 ou C2
Um estado arbitrario:
|i = |0i + |1i, onde
||2 + ||2 = 1
S|xyi = |yxi
Y = XZ (iy )
Z|0i = |0i, Z|1i = |1i (z )
1 (X 1
1 1
H= + Z) =
C10 |xi|yi = (X0 )x |xi|yi = |xi|y xi 2 2 1 1
|0i+|1i |0i|1i
1
1 1
H|0i = ; H|1i = ; H=
2 2 2 1 1
Phase gate
1 0
P |0i = |0i; P |1i = i|1i; P = ; P2 = Z
0 i
Completeza X
h|Mm Mm |i = I
m
Me = |eihe|
Schrodinger (1935):
I would not call [entanglement] one but rather the characteristic trait of
quantum mechanics, the one that enforces its entire departure from
classical lines of thought.
Wilson Rosa (DEInfo-UFRPE http://www.quantica.deinfo.ufrpe.br
Introducao a Computacao Quantica December 14, 2017
https://www.facebook.com/ComputacaoQuantica/) 47 / 84
Estados Emaranhados
Considere os estados de 2-qubits:
|i = 1/ 2(|00i + |11i) e |i = 1/ 2(|00i + |01i)
C
|00i 1 (|00i + |11i)
2
C
|01i 1 (|01i + |10i) C
1 (|000i
2 |000i 2
+ |111i)
C
|10i 1 (|00i |11i) C
1 (|001i
2 |001i 2
+ |110i)
C
|11i 1 (|01i |10i)
2 ... etc
Contradicao!
f : {0, 1} {0, 1}
100 qubits
I Especificar um estado generico |i requer 480 Gbytes em cada
milmetro quadrado da superfcie da Terra!
C1 i/ 2 x (1)f (0) x i/ 2 = 1/2 x (1)f (0)
C2 1/ 2 x (1)f (1) x 1/ 2 = 1/2 x (1)f (1)
1
soma 2
((1)f (1) (1)f (0) )
f (x) = 0:
I |xi(|0i |1i) |xi(|0i |1i)
f (x) = 1:
I |xi(|0i |1i) |xi(|1i |0i) = |xi(|0i |1i)
|xi(|0i |1i) (1)f (x) |xi(|0i |1i)
|xi (1)f (x) |xi
Wilson Rosa (DEInfo-UFRPE http://www.quantica.deinfo.ufrpe.br
Introducao a Computacao Quantica December 14, 2017
https://www.facebook.com/ComputacaoQuantica/) 61 / 84
Algoritmo Quantico para o problema de Deutsch
How do i do that?
|i = |0i + |1i
|00i + |11i
|00 i =
2
|00i + |11i
|i = |i |00 i = (|0i + |1i)
2
(|000i + |011i) + (|100i + |111i)
=
2
| 0 i = Ux |i
resulta em:
H|0i(|00i + |11i) H|1i(|10i + |11i)
| 00 i = H| 0 i = +
2 2
|0i + |1i |00i + |11i |0i |1i |10i + |01i
= ( ) + ( )
2 2 2 2