FCM SAMPLEX Module 2 C: Social Determinants of Health

Reference: https://drive.google.com/open?id=124pFPGVfvG1VyF0vcTkYCKMVHSfQVdPr

Theories of Disease Causation

1. In 1948, _____________ defines Health as: A complete state of physical, mental & social
well-being and not merely the absence of illness
a. WHO
b. United Nations
c. Dubois
d. Newman

2. ___________ defines Health as: a state or condition that enables the individual to adapt to the
environment

a. WHO
b. United Nations
c. Dubois
d. Newman

3. ___________ defines Health as: A condition in which all subsystems-physiological, psychological,

and socio-cultural are in balance and harmony with the whole

a. WHO
b. United Nations
c. Dubois
d. Newman

4. In 1986, _____________ defines Health as: The ability to identify and to realize aspirations, to
satisfy needs, and to change or cope with the environment

a. WHO
b. United Nations
c. Dubois
d. Newman

5. _____________ any deviation or interruption of the normal structure or function of any part of an
organ or functional group of organs that is manifested by symptoms or signs.
a. disease
b. illness
c. either a or b
d. neither a or b

6. ______________ defines cause of disease as: an event, condition, or characteristic that

preceded the disease event and without which the disease event would not have occurred at all or
would not have occurred until some later time.

a. Guyton & Hall

b. Rothman & Greenland
c. Boron & Boulpaep
d. Moore & Snell

For numbers 7-13 identify the theory being represented by the following concepts/ principles/
examples/ of the cause of disease. Choose your answer from the options below:

Theories of Disease Causation:

a. Mystical
b. Naturalistic
c. Personalistic

7. Bernardo developed enlargement of his legs, his mother that it is most likely due to an accidental
stepping on some nuno sa punso. C

8. One should not wet her hands after prolonged use of hot flat iron. B

9. Until now, we see babies with lipstick painted on their forehead. There is a belief that this will
prevent people with strong energy to cause them usog. A

10. He died in his sleep, according to his mother he has had several episodes of of nightmares before.
A

11. Causative agent: Supernatural being; non-fulfillment of ritual obligations such as penance and
attending masses. C

12. Heart is the center of vitality.B

13. We were told not to fight while eating because the dining table is considered as sacred. A

For numbers 14-20 identify the following theories of disease causation being described:

a. Materialist Theory
b. Cultural & Behavioralist Theory
c. Theory of General Susceptibility
d. Hippocratic Concept

e. Fracastoros Disease Concepts

f. Web of Causation
g. Germ Theory of Disease

14. Health inequities are a consequence of material deprivation. A

15. Health determined by differences in knowledge, attitudes and behaviours. B

16. Seeks to explain why some groups are more vulnerable to disease in general. C

17. Disease is caused by imbalance on four bodily humors: phlegm, yellow bile, blood and black bile. D
18. There is a large class of diseases caused by contagion rather than humoral imbalance. E

19. Disease occurrence can be explained by many interconnected factors. F

20. Specific transmissible pathogens are responsible for the disease. G

21. ____________ revolutionized 19th century medicine, postulated that each disease must have a
specific etiology and focus on pathophysiology and other biological approaches to disease.

a. Biomedical Model Of Health

b. Biopsychosocial Approach

c. Both A & B
d. None of the above

22. ______________, emphasizes the importance of understanding human health and illness in their
fullest contexts and systematically considers biological, psychological, and social factors and their
complex interactions in understanding health, illness, and health care delivery.

a. Biomedical Model Of Health

b. Biopsychosocial Approach

c. Both A & B
d. None of the above

23._______________is the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or

events in specified populations, and the application of this study to the control of health problems.

a. Etiology

b. Entomology
c. Epidemiology

d. Eulogy

24. The Epidemiologic Triangle is consist of the following, EXCEPT:

a. Host
b. Agent
c. Environment
d. Health

25. _______________, is an illness that arises from transmission of an infectious agent or its toxic
product from an infected person, animal or reservoir to a susceptible host, either directly or indirectly
through an intermediate plant or animal host, vector, or environment.
a. communicable disease
b. infectious disease
c. contagious disease

d. all of the above

26.________________,is non-infectious and non-transmissible between persons, & may be chronic

diseases of long duration and slow progression.
a. non-communicable disease

b. communicable disease
c. infectious disease
d. contagious disease

27. ________________, is defined as a microorganism, chemical, nutritive element or physical factor

whose presence or absence is essential for a particular disease or condition to occur:
a. Host
b. Agent
c. Environment
d. Health

28.______________, are specific living or inanimate objects that can cause health problems to hosts.
a. Agent
b. Host
c. Environment
d. Health

For numbers 29-32: Identify the type of agent that caused the disease in the following scenario

29. Mira has been working as an office assistant in a multinational company, working for 8 hours a
day and typing voluminous documents for her boss. Six months later, she could hardly move her right
wrist. She was diagnosed to have Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.
a. Physical/Mechanical
b. Chemical, exogenous
c. Chemical, endogenous
d. Nutrients
e. None of the Above

30. Joe Riso P. Pino, works as a manager of a company, he eats pork chop and fried chicken paired
with unli-rice everyday, one day he felt headache & nape pain. He took Paracetamol in an attempt to
relieve pain, when pain was not relieved he decided to seek medical care. When the lab results were
released he was found to have hyperlipidemia
a. Physical/Mechanical
b. Chemical, exogenous
c. Chemical, endogenous
d. Nutrients
e. None of the Above

31. Luisito, a farmer, suddenly had seizures while spraying pesticides (organophosphate) in the rice
field. According to the admitting physician, he had organophosphate toxicity.
a. Physical/Mechanical
b. Chemical, exogenous
c. Chemical, endogenous
d. Nutrients
e. None of the Above

32. Marissa, an 8-year-old girl has night blindness. She was able to regain her sight in the dark after
intake of Vitamin A. supplement and eating foods that are rich in vitamin A.
a. Physical/Mechanical
b. Chemical, exogenous
c. Chemical, endogenous
d. Nutrients
e. None of the Above

33. The following are Inherent Characteristics of Agents, Except:

a. Physical features (Morphology, motility, presence or absence of capsules, spores or cysts)

b. Biologic requirements (Things needed by the agent to survive: e.g. aerobic or anaerobic)

c. Chemical make-up

d. Viability

e. Resistance

f. Infectivity

34. The following are Characteristics of Agents of disease directly related to man

a. Infectivity (Ability to gain access and adapt to the human host e.g. lodge and multiply)

b. Pathogenicity (Depends on the nature of the agent e.g. dosage, presence or absence of capsule,
condition of the host, type of cells affected)

c. Virulence (Severity of the reaction produced, varies with the specie and other factors, measured by
fatality)

d. Antigenicity (Ability to stimulate the host to produce antibodies e.g. measles, chickenpox)

e. All of the above

For numbers 35-38 choose from the following characteristics of an agent:

a. Infectivity

b. Pathogenicity

c. Virulence
d. Antigenicity

35. Measures the severity of the reaction produced. C

36. Ability of the host to produce antibodies. D

37. Ability of the agent to lodge and multiply. A

38. Depends on the nature of the agent. B

39. T/F: Reservoir and source of infection and Modes of transmission are Characteristics of Agents of
disease in relation to the environment.

40. T/F: A reservoir is defined as man, animals, plants, soil or inanimate objects in which an infectious
agent lives and multiplies and depends primarily for survival, reproducing itself in such manner that it
can be transmitted to a susceptible host.

41.____________ are things, person objects or substances from which an infectious agent passes
immediately to a host:
a. Source of Infection
b. Virulence
c. Mode of Transmission
d. Immunity

42. Charina is applying for work abroad. She underwent complete physical exam which was normal,
but her sputum exam showed presence of TB bacilli. She was diagnosed to have PTB but could not
believe the diagnosis because she had no symptoms.This is an example of:
a. Frank case (obviously ill)
b. Missed Case (vague and apparently so insignificant that the patient fails to seek medical attention)
c. Carrier (harbor a specific infectious agent without showing symptoms of the disease)
d. Subclinical infection (same as B)

43.____________ is a mechanism by which an infectious agent is transported from reservoir to

susceptible host
a. Source of Infection
b. Virulence
c. Mode of Transmission
d. Immunity

44. T/F: Direct Mode of transmission involves touching, kissing, sexual intercourse or passage of a
spray through coughing, sneezing or talking.

45. T/F: Indirect- Vehicle borne mode of transmission does not involve: inanimate objects soiled or
contaminated by an infectious agent; ex. Water, food, milk, blood, instruments, utensils

46. T/F:Indirect- Vector borne mode of transmission involves: arthropods or other invertebrates
which transmit infection by inoculation or by depositing infective materials on the skin or objects.

47. T/F: Indirect- Airborne spread is not caused by the respiratory inhalation of residue of droplets
from humans or sources from laboratory or droplets which have remained in the air
48. __________ is an individual exposed to the agent of the disease and if proper conditions for
parasitism is fulfilled, he affords subsistence or lodgment to the agent and becomes infected.

a. Agent
b. Host
c. Environment
d. Health

49.__________ is defined as resistance usually associated with the presence of antibodies or cells
having specific action on the microorganism concerned with a particular infectious disease or on its
toxin.
a. immunity

b. virulence

c. incidence

d. hypersensitivity

50. Type of immunity that occurs as innate resistance to infection; naturally present and is not due to
prior sensitization.
a. Natural

b. Natural Acquired
c. Artificial Acquired

d. None of the above

51. Type of immunity that follows overt or subclinical invasion of body by organisms presence of
antibodies in the blood, tissue fluids, secretions may be observed which may be artificially or naturally
acquired; either active or passive.

a. Natural

b. Acquired

52. Type of immunity acquired by natural infection with agent which produces either clinical illness or
inapparent infection.

a. Acquired Natural Active

b. Acquired Natural Passive

c. Artificial Acquired

d. None of the above

54. Type of immunity where antibodies in the maternal blood are transplacentally transferred to the
fetus.

a. Acquired Natural Active

b. Acquired Natural Passive
c. Artificial Acquired

d. None of the above

55. Type of immunity induced by administration of vaccines which contain the antigen in a harmless
form.

a. Acquired Natural Active

b. Acquired Natural Passive

c. Acquired Artificial Active

d. Acquired Artificial Passive

56. Type of Immunity that occurs usually at a short duration & involves inoculation of specific
protective antibodies from immunized animals or convalescent hyperimmune serum.

a. Acquired Natural Active

b. Acquired Natural Passive

c. Acquired Artificial Passive

d. Acquired Artificial Active

57. It is defined as the sum total of an organisms external surrounding factors that cause or allow
disease transmission or favorable surroundings and conditions external to the host that cause or
allow the disease to be transmitted.

a. Agent

b. Host

c. Environment

d. None of the Above

58. Environmental Factors of the Disease include all of the following except:
a. Physical

b. Biologic

c. Socio-economic

d. Mentality

59. T/F: Physical factors of environment involves climate and geography.

60. T/F: The biologic aspect of environment involves the iving environment of man, and the presence
of plants, animals and fellow human beings.

61. T/F: Socio-economic factor affecting environment involves Kind of community life, Available
medical services, General technologies of the place, Element of wealth distribution

62. True about the Chain of Transmission or Infection

a. It involves an Agent, Source for agent, Portal of exit from host, mode of transmission, Portal of
entry suitable to agent and Susceptible host

b. It requires unfavorable conditions in the environment for the agent, Suitable receivers, Susceptible
host, Satisfactory portal of entry, Accessible portal of exit, & Appropriate means of dissemination or
transmission
c. It requires favorable conditions in the environment for the agent, Unsuitable receivers, Susceptible
host, Satisfactory portal of entry, Accessible portal of exit, & Appropriate means of dissemination or
transmission

d.It requires favorable conditions in the environment for the agent, Suitable receivers, unsusceptible
host, Satisfactory portal of entry, Accessible portal of exit, & Appropriate means of dissemination or
transmission

63. Microorganism that is capable of producing infection. Examples include bacteria, viruses, fungi
and parasites.

a. Portal of Entry

b. Infectious Agent

c. Reservoir

d. Mode of Transmission

64. Point where the infectious agent enters the new host. For example, nonintact skin, respiratory
tract, GI tract, mucous membranes.

a. Portal of Entry

b. Infectious Agent

c. Reservoir

d. Mode of Transmission

65. The place where an infectious agent can live. For example, in or on humans, on objects and
surfaces in the environment.

a. Portal of Entry

b. Infectious Agent

c. Reservoir

d. Mode of Transmission
66. How the infectious agent travels from one host to another. For example, contact, droplet and
airborne routes

a. Portal of Entry

b. Infectious Agent

c. Reservoir

d. Mode of Transmission

67. The point where the infectious agent leaves the reservoir. Ex. include nonintact skin and
respiratory secretions.

a. Portal of Entry

b. Infectious Agent

c. Portal of Exit

d. Mode of Transmission

68. Any person who is at risk of infection. Age and immune system function

a. Susceptible Host

b. Infectious Agent

c. Portal of Exit

d. Mode of Transmission

69. The presence of an infectious agent in an individual or population

a. Mode of Transmission

b. Infection
c. Portal of Entry
d. Portal of Exit

70. Which of the following is/are reactions to infectious agent:

a. Host successfully wards off the agent

b. Balanced equilibrium

c. Subclinical condition

d. Full-blown clinical cases

e. All of the Above

Natural History of Disease
Levels of Care