HISTORY OF EVOLUTIONARY
THEORY
European Explorers
EVOLUTION BY NATURAL
EVOLUTION OF EVOLUTION
SELECTION
B iblical interpretations
and ancient philosophy Evolution is not a theory, but a
F ossils fact that species change over
G eological record time.
L amarck (1744-1829)
I nheritance of acquired
characteristics Natural Selection is Darwin s
P ublic acceptance theory of Evolution.
F laws
THOMAS MALTHUS
Father of modern
Demography IF THERE IS COMPETITION,
Essay On the
Principal of WHO SURVIVES?
Population (1798)
Competition
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ENVIRONMENT GENOTYPE
E verything external to an A particular
organism combination of genes
possessed by an
P hysical and social
organism
I ncludes culture D NA
PHENOTYPE PHENOTYPE
P hysical manifestation of the M ay vary predictably
genotype with genotype
m orphology C an vary according to
environment, even if
genotype is consistent
p hysiology
P henotypes are always
the result of BOTH
b ehavior genes (DNA) and the
environment
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Generation 1 Generation 2
ONTOGENY
Genotype Phenotype Genotype
D evelopment; the
period when you Ontogeny Natural Selection
grow up
D evelops a fetus Environment
into an adult
FITNESS ADAPTATION
How well an A trait that becomes
organism is common over time
adapted to the P articular problem
environment P articular organism
P articular environment
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EARLY AMERICAN
NATURAL SELECTION & BEHAVIOR
ANTHROPOLOGY
F ranz Boas B ehaviors are not heritable
M argaret Mead W hat is heritable is the ability to
respond to the environment
R uth Benedict
H umans can vary their behavior
more than any other species
Culture determines behavior.