Takehiro Nakamura
NTT DOCOMO, Inc.
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5G Trends and Requirements
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Network/Communication Society
in 2020 and Beyond
Everything Connected Extension/enrichment
by Wireless of wireless services
Monitor/collect information & control devices Deliver rich contents in real-time & ensure safety
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5G Requirements
5G radio access will provide a total solution to satisfy
wider range of requirements for 2020 and beyond
1000x capacity/km2
Higher system
capacity
TRx
TRx
TRx WiFi
TRx
TRx
TRx
TRx
Non-orthogonal multiple access
Controller
3D/Massive MIMO,
Network densification
Current Hotspot Dense urban
Advanced receiver
capacity Shopping mall
Study for new interference scenarios
Tx-Rx cooperative access technologies Cellular network assists
local area radio access
Spectrum extension
Existing cellular bands Higher/wider frequency bands New cellular concept for cost/energy-
efficient dense deployments
Very wide Super wide
Frequency
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5G Definition and Technologies
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Evolution Paths for 5G
5G = LTE enh. + New RAT 5G Radio Access
Further LTE enhancements
Small cell & general cellular
enhancements for beyond Release 12 Potential
Potential new RAT New RAT
Should prioritize the achievement of more
big gains over backward compatibility
Consider new spectrum allocations of Big gain
WRC-15 and beyond
Further LTE
enhancement
Macro-assisted
Performance
Frequency
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Phantom Cell Concept with New RAT
Proposed architecture to utilize higher frequency bands
Phantom cell Split of C-plane & U-plane between
macro and small cells in different frequency bands [1, 2]
Macro cell
Existing C-plane: Macro cell maintains
cellular bands good connectivity and mobility
Small cell
U-plane: Small cell provides
Higher higher data rate and more flexible
frequency bands & cost-energy efficient operations
[1] NTT DOCOMO, 3GPP RWS-120010, June 2012.
[2] H. Ishii et al., IEEE Globecom 2012 Workshop, Dec. 2012.
LTE Frequency
New RAT
Wider bandwidth with
wider subcarrier spacing
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New RAT Characteristics (2)
Flexibility to support variable scenarios
(D2D, wireless backhaul, multi-hop, etc.)
RAT design considering DL/UL symmetry
Signal waveform:
OFDM as baseline for up to 30GHz
High affinity with MIMO technologies in multi-path fading environments
Alternative multi-carrier waveforms such as FBMC also can be considered
Single carrier waveform for further higher frequencies
To prioritize the coverage
Waveform & bandwidth may depend on applied frequency bands
Frequency bands
e.g. < 10GHz e.g. 10-30GHz e.g. > 30GHz
Frequency
Bandwidth
e.g. < 100MHz e.g. 100-1000MHz e.g. >1000MHz
Waveform
LTE based OFDM (new numerology) Single carrier
(or advanced multi-carrier waveforms)
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New RAT Characteristics (3)
Massive MIMO Beamforming using massive antenna
elements in higher frequency bands
Essential key technology to extend effective cell range
Example 2D antenna configuration
LTE 3D-MIMO Massive MIMO
d
Antenna element 3.5 GHz 10 GHz 20 GHz
20cm
spacing (d) (l = 8.6 cm) (l = 3 cm) (l = 1.5 cm)
0.5 l 16 169 676
0.7 l 9 81 361
20cm
Compensation of increased path loss & Improved spectrum efficiency
Cell range extension Improved spectrum efficiency with
by beamforming gain (multi-user) spatial multiplexing
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Massive MIMO: Coverage Extension
Tx power
33 dBm
3.5GHz 10GHz 20GHz
0m Antenna
85m
139m
294m
300m 20 cm
20x20
10x10
437m
490m
4x4 39x39
600m 625m 629m
20x20
715m
40 cm
7x7
855m 77x77
900m
39x39 911m
1029m
1200m 14x14
1246m
80 cm
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Evolution of Multiple Access
Processing power
in Devices
f,,
code
f,,
code Intentional
Effort for Effort for Non-orthogonality
OrthogonalityInterference Mitigation
FDMA,TDMA, Equalizer, MIMO
NOMA
CDMA, OFDMA Canceller Exploitation of power-
domain, path loss
Robust gain against user mobility difference among users,
e.g., NOMA as backhaul and UE processing power
access for moving cells
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LTE NOMA Concept
LTE non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA)
= NAICS extension into intra-cell user multiplexing
NAICS: Network assisted interference 7 NOMA with power sharing
cancellation and suppression (LTE Release 12)
6
Signal for
Cancellation 3
Cell-center UE
2 Orthogonal access with
with SIC receiver Cell-edge UE bandwidth sharing
UE2 1
UE1 w/o SIC
w/ SIC UE2 signal
decoding
f
SIC of UE2 UE1 signal 0
signal decoding 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
SIC: Successive Interference Canceller Rate of cell-edge user (b/s/Hz)
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NOMA Real-Time Simulator
System-level performance of downlink NOMA + 2x2 SU-MIMO
@ very dense urban area (Shinjuku, Tokyo)
Demo:
NOMA combined with 2x2
closed-loop SU-MIMO (TM4)
NOMA gain over OFDMA:
35% with rank adaptation
51% with fixed rank =1
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5G Deployments & Capabilities
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5G Deployments in Dense Urban
Proposed combination of Massive MIMO and Phantom cell
will satisfy 5G requirements such as 1000x capacity
Macro Cell
User data
Control and
User data
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5G Deployments in Rural Area
5G radio access will provide adequate system coverage
even with higher frequency bands
Macro Cell
Small Cell
Small Cell
(Semi-macro Cell)
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Deployment/Migration Scenarios
In 2020, 5G will be launched initially from areas, where higher
performance is required, e.g., dense urban area
Both new RAT and enhanced LTE (eLTE) RAT are introduced to realize
tight interworking between lower and higher frequency bands
In beyond 2020, deployment areas of 5G are gradually expanded
while introducing additional higher frequency bands
LTE (or LTE-Advanced) cell can be continuously used as eLTE cell for a
long-time
5G
New RAT
2020 LTE
eLTE
LTE LTE
5G
5G 5G 5G
Frequency
New RAT
New RAT New RAT New RAT
202x eLTE
eLTE
eLTE eLTE
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5G Real-time Simulator
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5G Real-time Simulator
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5G Experiment Collaborations
Existing Frequency Bands Wideband Transmission Over Higher Frequency Bands
Frequency
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Key phenomena at higher frequency
propagation
High frequency bands, especially beyond 6 GHz, are very
attractive in order to obtain wider bandwidth.
Attenuation of rain
MS
Shadowing effect of
human body
In order to determine the carrier frequency bands for 5G, frequency dependency
of path loss and channel properties (ToA, AoD, AoA) need to be understood.
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DOCOMOs Measurement Activities
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Results of Path Loss Measurement at 26 GHz
Urban micro scenario with Manhattan grid layout (Tokyo, Japan)
Map of Nihonbashi
ht = 10 m ht = 10 m ht = 10 m
hr = 2.5m hr = 2.5m hr = 2.5m
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Workplan for higher frequency
measurements
Measurement in the urban micro (outdoor-to-outdoor & outdoor-to-
indoor) environment.
Investigation of the frequency dependency of path loss for about 6 -
37 GHz bands.
Channel sounding with massive-array antenna (antenna elements of
256) for 20 GHz band, in order to obtain 3D channel model of SHF
band (beyond 6 GHz).
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Proposal on 5G Standardization time plan
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
WRC15 WRC19
Workshop
Requirements Proposals Specifications
Pre-standardization activities
Channel Model SI
Technology SI
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