xii Contents

6.7 Comprehensive Applications of Various Theoretical Criteria . . . 263

6.7.1 Characteristic of the Sulde Collector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
6.7.2 Characteristic of the Nonmetal Oxide Collector. . . . . . . 267
6.7.3 Characteristic of the Rare and Ferrous Metal Oxide
Collector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
6.7.4 Characteristic of Organic Depressant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
6.7.5 Characteristic of Frother . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276
7 Structure and Performance of Frother . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 279
7.1 Classication of Frothers and Their Structure
Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 279
7.2 Role of Frother in Mineral Flotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 282
7.2.1 Criteria for Frother Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 282
7.2.2 Relation Between Solution Concentration
and Surface Tension, Frothing Capability
of Frother . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
7.2.3 Interaction Between Frother and Other Reagent . . . . . . 286
7.3 Effect of Polar Group Structure on Frothing Performance . . . . . 288
7.3.1 Effect of Polar Group on Solubility of Frother . . . . . . . 288
7.3.2 Effect of Polar Group on Dissociation Degree
of Frother . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 290
7.3.3 Effect of Hydratability and Cross Section
of Polar Group on Frother Performance . . . . . . . . .... 291
7.3.4 Effect of Chemical Properties of Polar Group
on Frother Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 292
7.3.5 Effect of Quantity and Position of Polar Group . . . .... 293
7.4 Effect of Nonpolar Group Structure on Flotation
Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 294
7.4.1 Effect of n-Alkyl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 294
7.4.2 Effect of Aryl and Alkylaryl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 294
7.4.3 Effect of Isoalkyl and Unsaturated Aliphatic
Hydrocarbon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 295
7.4.4 Effect of Alkoxy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 297
7.5 Prediction of Frothing Performance via Reagent Structure
and Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 299
7.5.1 Concept and Calculation of Parachor . . . . . . . . . . . .... 299
7.5.2 Application of Parachor to Prediction of Frother
Performance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 301
7.5.3 Application of HLB to Prediction of Frother
Performance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 304
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 305
Contents xiii

8 Structure and Performance of Organic Depressant . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307

8.1 Classication of Organic Depressants and Their Functions
in Flotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
8.1.1 Classication of Organic Depressants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
8.1.2 Functional Mechanism of Organic Depressants . . . . . . . 308
8.2 Structure and Performance of LMW Organic Depressant . . . . . . 313
8.2.1 Comparison of Organic Acids in the Application
of Depressing the Quartz Activated by Cu Ion . . . . . . . 314
8.2.2 Comparison of Organic Depressants
in the Application of Depressing Fluorite
and Barite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316
8.2.3 Application of Group Electronegativity and HLB
to the Discussion of Depressant Structure
and Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
8.2.4 Summary for the Relation Between Depressant
Structure and Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322
8.3 Structure and Performance of HMW Organic Depressant . . . . . . 323
8.3.1 Classication and Characteristic of Macromolecular
Organic Depressants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
8.3.2 Structure and Performance of Natural Starch . . . . . . . . . 325
8.3.3 Structure and Performance of Dextrine . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
8.3.4 Structure and Performance of Other Modied
Starchs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330
8.3.5 Structure and Performance of Tannins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336
9 Structure and Performance of Flocculant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
9.1 Classication of Flocculants and Their Functions
in Flotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
9.1.1 Functions of Flocculant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
9.1.2 Classication and Characteristic of Macromolecular
Organic Depressants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
9.2 Component and Performance of Inorganic Electrolyte
Coagulant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340
9.3 Structure and Performance of Organic Flocculant . . . . . . . . . . . . 344
9.3.1 Effect of Polar Group on the Performance
of Flocculant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344
9.3.2 Effect of Molecular Weight and Hydrocarbon Chain
Structure on the Performance of Flocculant . . . . . . . . . . 349
9.4 Flotation Application of Various occulants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351
9.4.1 Demand for Molecular Weight and Dissociation
Degree of Flocculant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351
9.4.2 Demand for Adsorption Rate of Flocculant
and Necessary Agitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355