Programming

In this lecture we will learn to write part program for contouring operations being
carried out on a CNC milling machine. Let us take an exercise:

Figure 7.3.1 shows the final profile required to be finish-contoured and the holes
to be drilled by using a CNC Vertical Machining Center. Write an EFFICIENT CNC
part program for the same. Assume the finishing allowance of about 2 mm.

Figure 7.3.1 A component to machined on a vertical machining center

(VMC)

After studying the required part geometry and features the following main
program and its sub-program are prepared.

Table 7.3.1 Process plan

MAIN PROGRAM:
SUB-PROGRAM:

CNC G Codes
CNC G Code in a broader way are instructions to the cnc machine tools.
CNC G-code are instructions to cnc machine tools like
which way to go whether
to travel in a straight line (G01)
or in a curve (G02, G03)
or in taper (G01)
and with what feed (G94, G95).
Whether to travel at full feed (G00)
or with a controlled feed (G94, G95).
and if there is a stay how long will the stay be a cnc programmer calls this
stay Dwell Time. (G04)
The G codes also provide some very crucial data at program start and at run time
like
Tool-Offsetting data (G10)
and CNC Workpiece-Zero-Point or CNC Workshift Setting, (G10, G54, G55)
as without this data running a cnc machine is just a dream.
So after reading the above paragraph you might have understood the power of
the G codes. They provide crucial and sensitive data at run time and instruct the
cnc machine tools to run on the given path with a controlled feed but keeping that
crucial data in mind all the time.
If I fully translate the above paragraph in cnc G code then I will say that the cnc
machine will read machine zero offset with G54 and Tool-Offset with G10 and
run on a path which is carved with G00 G01 G02 G03 and run with a control feed
the feed is controlled with G94 G95 G96.
Important G Codes
G00

The G00 G code of cnc machine tell the cnc machine to bring the tool to a given
point given with G00 at the full feed, the feed of the G00 is given in the cnc
machine parameters and normally never changed, but can be changed if really
needed.
G01

The G01 G-code of cnc machine tell the cnc machine to bring the tool with a
controlled feed, unlike G00 whose feed is buried in cnc machine parameters the
feed of the G01 code is given in the same program block or in the prior blocks.
To control the feed another G code is used which is G95.

Vertical machining centers are a vital part of a cnc machine workshop, So here is a
Vertical machining center programming example for cnc machinists who have just
started learning cnc programming.

Vertical Machining Center Programming Example

 Vertical Machining Center Programming Example

N10 T1
N20 S1000 M3
N30 G00 G40 G90 G17 X-30 Y60
N40 G43 Z50 H1

N50 Z-5
N60 G01 G41 X10 Y60 D1 F200
N70 Y80
N80 G02 X20 Y90 R10

N90 G01 X50

N100 X90 Y50
N110 Y20
N120 G02 X80 Y10 R10

N130 G01 X50

N140 X10 Y50
N150 Y65
N160 G40 X-30 Y60
N170 G00 Z200 M02
More ...

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NCT program example to show how G81 drilling cycle can be used to drill in a circle using G15 G16
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