Objective

To determine iron in cereal (koko Krunch) by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry

(AAS) and to study using instrument.

Introduction

The operation of instrument Atomic Absorption spectroscopy (AAS) can follow by operation
manual in lab. It used to determine chemical element using the absorption of optical radiation
(light) by free atom gaseous state. AAS can be used to determine about 70 different element in
solution or directly in solid sample. That have five main component in AAS Hollow cathode
lamps, Nebulizer, atomizer monochrometer, and detector. The lamp must be same type of
element with the metal used which is iron. Atomic absorption spectroscopy relies on the Beer-
Lambert Law to determine the concentration of a particular analyte in a sample. The absorption
spectrum and molar absorbance of the desired sample element are known, a known amount of
energy is passed through the atomized sample, and by then measuring the quantity of light it is
possible to determine the concentration of the element being measured. In the lab we determine
iron in sample and the sample uses is koko krunch. The iron contain in koko krunch is about
14mg in 100g cereal. This experiment was carried out to analyse the iron content in the breakfast
cereal and to compare its content with the iron that listed in nutritious fact label.
Apparatus

1. Dropper
2. Volumetric flask (50ml, 100ml, 500ml)
3. 25ml pipette
4. Dropper
5. Glass rod
6. Hot plate
7. Burette
8. Measuring cylinder (5ml, 10ml, 50ml)

Chemical

1. Dry cereal
2. Deionized water
3. 1000 ppm iron stock solution
4. HCL (37%) concentrated
Procedures:

Standard Preparation

I. Five standard solution has been prepared from 100 ppm of iron stock solution.
II. The 100ppm of iron stock solution was prepared from 1000ppm of iron solution dilute in
100ml volumetric flask.
III. The stock solution was prepared by follow serial dilution

Standard (ppm) Volume of 100ppm Iron (III) Volume of deionised water

solution (ml) (ml)
5 2.5 47.5
10 5.0 45.0
15 7.5 42.5
20 10.0 40.0
25 12.5 37.5

Sample Preparation

I. 5g of cereal (KOKO Crunch) was weighed and has been put into a 250ml beaker by
adding 12.5 ml of 3M HCl until 50 ml calibration mark
II. The beaker was covered by using watch glass and has been place on the hot plate. It was
heated 45min to break down Koko crunch and bring the iron into soluble form
III. After finish heating the sample was cooled down.
IV. The mixture has been filtered and the filtrate was transferred into a 100 ml volumetric
flask and dilute it to mark with deionized water.
V. The sample was put into the container and the sample has been analyzed by using Atomic
Absorption Spectrometer or AAS
Data and Results:

Instrument : Perkin Elmer Analyst 700

Cereal Brand : Koko Krunch

Iron (Fe) content per 100g cereal : 14mg

Standard Entered Concentration Calculated Concentration (mg/L)

(mg/L)
Deionised water 0 0.000
1 5.0 4.909
2 10.0 10.440
3 15.0 15.293
4 20.0 19.985
5 25.0 24.662
Sample (Koko - 8.812
Crunch)
Calculations:

Preparation of 100 ppm of Fe stock solution

M1V1 = M2V2

(1000)(V1) = (100) (100)

V1 = 10 ml

Hence, 10ml of the Fe stock solution is measured and dilute into a 100ml volumetric flask.

Preparation of standard solution

Standard 1: M1V1 = M2V2

(100)(V1) = 5(50)

V1 = 2.5 ml

Standard 2: M1V1 = M2V2

(100)(V1) = 10(50)

V1 = 5.0 ml

Standard 3: M1V1 = M2V2

(100)(V1) = 15(50)

V1 = 7.5 ml

Standard 4: M1V1 = M2V2

(100)(V1) = 20(50)

V1 = 10.0 ml
Standard 5: M1V1 = M2V2

(100)(V1) = 25(50)

V1 = 12.5 ml

Hence, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, and 12.5ml of the prepared 100ppm Fe solution is pipette and dilute
into a 50ml volumetric flask respectively.

Preparation of 3M of 37% HCl solution.

Molarity = moles / volume (L)

moles of HCl = 37 / (1+35.5) = 1.01 mol

volume of HCl = 84.75ml / 1000

= 0.08475L

Molarity of HCl in one bottle = moles / volume(L)

= 1.01mol / 0.08475L

= 12M

M1V1 = M2V2

(12M)(V1) = (3M) (50ml)

V1 = 12.5 ml

Hence, 12.5ml of the HCl stock solution is dilute into a 50ml volumetric flask to prepare 3M of
HCl solution.
Mass of analyte (iron) contained in sample

ppm = mass of analyte (mg) / mass of sample (kg)

8.812= mass of analyte (mg) / (5.0425g/1000) kg

Mass of analyte = 0.0444 mg

Discussion

The experiment to determine iron in cereal have been done follow by procedure by using
AAS instrument. The sample brand used is koko krunch, the amount of iron in the cereal is 14
mg per 100g cereal. The correction coefficient of the curve must be greater than 0.999, and must
get triple nine.in this experiment the correction coefficient is 0.999123, and the current sample
concentration obtain is 8.7555ppm.

In addition, that have several precaution should be avoid to obtain exactly result such as
prevent the parallax error and zero error. Parallax error is an error in reading an instrument due to
the eye of the observer and pointer are not in line perpendicular to the plane of the scale, and
zero error is error arises when the measuring instrument does not start from exactly zero. And
other when using the instrument AAS , the hollow cathode lamp used must be the same type of
element with the standard. In addition when dilute the concentrated HCL must be filled with a
small volume of distilled water before adding the acid and diluted with another distilled water.
Its must added slowly due to reactivity with the acid. The other the important is wash the
apparatus before used to avoid and chemical contain in the apparatus that will react with each
other and interfere when dilution process.

Conclusion

As a conclusion, the concentration of the iron in the Koko Crunch sample is 8.7555 ppm.
References
(2014, august 14). Retrieved from http://www.aurorabiomed.com/atomic-absorption-spectroscopy/

(2014, august 14). Retrieved from http://www.slideshare.net/sharmasuriti/atomic-absorption-

spectroscopy-15185397