CARNOT CYCLE
8. A Carnot engine uses air as the working substance. There is 10 Btu/lbm of heat
1. A Carnot engine operates with 0.136 kg of air as the working substance. The added, the pressure at the beginning of adiabatic expansion is 200 psia, and the
pressure and volume at the beginning of isothermal expansion are 2.1 MPa and 9.6 specific volume is 1.3 ft3/lbm. The sink temperature is 400F. Determine the engine
liters. The air behaves as an ideal gas, the sink temperature is 50°C, and the heat efficiency and the net work per unit mass.
added is 32 kJ. Determine (a) the source temperature; (b) the cycle efficiency; (c)
the pressure at the end of isothermal expansion; and (d) the heat rejected to the 9. A Camot cycle uses nitrogen as the working substance. The heat supplied is 54 kJ.
sink per cycle. The temperature of the heat rejected is 210C, and V3/V2 = 10. Determine (a) the
cycle efficiency; (b) the temperature of heat added; and (c) the net work.
2. A Camot engine rejects 1000 Btu/min at 500F and produces 40 hp. Determine (a)
the temperature of heat addition and (b) the amount of heat flow into the engine. 10. A Camot engine uses air and operates between temperature limits of 7400F and
400F. The pressure at state 1 is 200 psia, and the specific volume doubles during
3. A Camot engine produces 25 kW while operating between temperature limits of the heat addition process. Determine the net work per unit mass.
1000 K and 300 K. Determine (a) the heat supplied per second; and (b) the heat
rejection per second. 11. Helium is used in a Carnot engine where the volumes beginning with the constant
temperature heat addition are V1 = 0.3565 m3, V2 = 0.5130 m3, V3 = 8.0 m3, and V4 =
4. A Carnot engine using 1lbm air has the following conditions: heat addition beginning 5.57 m3.Determine the thermal efficiency.
at 2200 psia and 22000R and continuing until the pressure is 1400 psia; isothermal
compression from 14.7 psia and 5400R and continuing until the pressure is 23.1 12. A Camot cycle uses air as the working substance. The heat supplied is 50 Btu. The
psia. Determine (a) the heat transfer into the cycle; (b) the heat transfer from the temperature of the heat rejected is 700F, and V4/V1 = 10. Determine (a) the cycle
cycle; (c) the work for each of the processes; and (d) the cycle efficiency. efficiency; (b) the temperature of heat added; and (c) the net work.
5. A Carnot engine uses nitrogen as the working fluid. The heat supplied is 53 kJ, and 13. Air is used in a Carnot engine where 22 kJ of heat is received at 560 K. Heat is
the adiabatic expansion ratio is 16: 1. The receiver temperature is 295 K. Determine rejected at 270 K. The displacement volume is 0.127 m3. Determine (a) the work;
(a) the thermal efficiency; (b) the heat rejected; and (c) the net work. and (b) the mean effective pressure.
6. A Camot engine operates between 12000F and 1000F and rejects 40 Btu to the low 14. A Camot engine uses air as the working substance, receives heat at a temperature
temperature heat reservoir. Find the net work. of 6000F, and rejects it at 1500F. The maximum possible cycle pressure is 1000
psia, and minimum volume is 0.03 ft3. When heat is added, the volume increases by
7. A Carnot engine uses air as the working substance, receives heat at a temperature a factor of 2.5. Determine the pressure and volume at each state in the cycle.
of 3150C, and rejects it at 650C. The maximum possible cycle pressure is 6.0 MPa,
and the minimum volume is 0.95 liter. When heat is added, the volume increases by
250%. Determine the pressure and volume at each state in the cycle.
19. Gaseous nitrogen actuates a Carnot power cycle in which the respective volumes at
4. A cycle, composed of three processes, is polytropic compression (n=1.5) from 137
the four corners of the cycle starting at the beginning of the isothermal expansion
kPa and 380C to state 2, isobaric process from state 2 to state 3, and isometric
are, V1 = 10.10 li, V2 = 14.53 li, V3 = 226.54 li, and V4 = 157.73 li. The cycle receives
process from state 3 going back to state 1. The heat rejected is 1560 kJ/kg and the
21.5 kJ of heat. Determine (a) the net work, (b) the mean effective pressure, and (c)
working substance is air. Determine (a) the pressure, temperature and specific
the thermal efficiency of the cycle.
volume at states 2 and 3, (b) the heat added into the cycle and (c) the cycle net
work.
20. A heat engine is operating on a Carnot cycle and has a thermal efficiency of 55
percent. The waste heat from this engine is rejected to a nearby lake at 60°F at a
5. Two and one-half pounds of air actuates a cycle composed of the following
rate of 800 Btu/min. Determine (a) the power output of the engine and (b) the
processes: polytropic compression 1-2 with n = 1.5; constant pressure process 2-3;
temperature of the source.
and constant volume process 3-1. The known data are as follows: p1 = 20 psia, t1 =
1000F, QR = -1682 BTU. Determine (a) the temperature and pressure at each state,
(b) the net work of the cycle, and (c) the thermal efficiency.