Daftar Gambar

Gambar Halaman
1.1. Skema perbandingan porositas efektif, non-efektif dan porositas
absolut ............................................................................................... 3
1.2. Pengaruh susunan butiran terhadap porositas batuan ........................ 4
1.3. Diagram percobaan permeabilitas ..................................................... 6
1.4. Kurva permeabilitas untuk minyak-air .............................................. 7
1.5. Kurva permeabilitas untuk air-minyak .............................................. 8
1.6. Kesetimbangan gaya-gaya pada batas air-minyak ............................. 10
1.7. Pembasahan fluida dalam pori-pori batuan ....................................... 11
1.8. Variasi Pc terhadap Sw ...................................................................... 13
1.9. Hubungan viskositas terhadap tekanan .............................................. 22
1.10. Bentuk perangkap stratigrafi akibat pembajian ................................. 34
1.11. Bentuk perangkap stratigrafi akibat penyerpihan .............................. 34
1.12. Bentuk perangkap stratigrafi akibat ketidakselarasan ....................... 35
1.13. Perangkap struktur lipatan ................................................................. 36
1.14. Perangkap struktur dengan kemiringan ............................................. 37
1.15. Perangkap struktur dengan pelengkungan ......................................... 37
1.16. Perangkap struktur patahan dengan pelengkungan............................ 38
1.17. Perangkap struktur dengan kubah garam ........................................... 38
1.18. Perangkap kombinasi lipatan-pembajian ........................................... 39
1.19. Perangkap kombinasi patahan-pembajian ......................................... 39
1.20. Diagram fasa minyak jenuh ............................................................... 40
1.21. Diagram fasa minyak tak jenuh ......................................................... 41
1.22. Diagram fasa gas kering .................................................................... 42
1.23. Diagram fasa gas basah ..................................................................... 43
1.24. Diagram fasa gas kondensat .............................................................. 44
1.25. Solution gas drive .............................................................................. 46

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1.26. Karakteristik tekanan, PI, GOR pada solution gas drive ................... 47
1.27. Gas Cap Drive.................................................................................... 48
1.28. Karakteristik tekanan, PI, GOR pada gas cap drive .......................... 49
1.29. Water drive reservoir ......................................................................... 50
1.30. Gravity drainage ................................................................................ 52
1.31. Kelakuan gravity drainage ................................................................. 52
1.32. Combination drive ............................................................................. 53
1.33. Kelakuan combination drive reservoir............................................... 54
2.1. Drawwork .......................................................................................... 59
2.2. Sistem putar ....................................................................................... 60
2.3. Skema system sirkulasi ...................................................................... 62
2.4. Drag bit .............................................................................................. 68
2.5. Diamond bit ....................................................................................... 71
2.6. Grafik shear stress vs Shear Rate fluida Newtonian .......................... 83
2.7. Power law fluid .................................................................................. 84
2.8. Power law fluid dengan yield strength .............................................. 84
3.1. Komponen system produksi .............................................................. 91
3.2. Komponen pompa sucker rod ............................................................ 99
3.3. Grafik IPR Linier ............................................................................... 105
4.1. Skema rangakaian SP log .................................................................. 120
4.2. Hasil pembacaan SP log .................................................................... 122
4.3. Skema dari gejala SP log ................................................................... 123
4.4. Skema dasar rangakaian normal log .................................................. 125
4.5. Skema dasar rangkaian lateral log ..................................................... 126
4.6. Skema dasar rangakaian induction log .............................................. 127
4.7. Hasil rekaman induction log .............................................................. 128
4.8. Skema dasar rangkaian microlog ....................................................... 130
4.9. Rangkaian peralatan microlog ........................................................... 131
4.10. Skematik peralatan neutron log ......................................................... 134
4.11. Skema dasar rangkaian density log.................................................... 136

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4.12. Rangkaian sonic log........................................................................... 139
5.1. Terminologi SCM .............................................................................. 141
5.2. Manufacturing system ....................................................................... 154
5.3. Karakteristik distribusi kurva normal ................................................ 162
5.4. Kurva perbandingan variansi ............................................................. 165
5.5. Tabel critical values of the F distributions ........................................ 165
5.6. Tabel critical values of the T-distributions ........................................ 167
5.7. Diagram pareto .................................................................................. 180
5.8. Diagram histogram ............................................................................ 181
5.9. Perbedaan konsep tradisional dan konsep taguchi............................. 182

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