Name: ___________________________ Student ID: __________________

NPB 10 – Human Physiology

Midterm 2
Labeling Exercise: [7 pts]
a. [4.5pts] Label each of the indicated areas.

A. ___Nose / Nasal Cavity_____________

B. ____Pharynx____________

C. __Larynx________________

D. ____Bronchioli___________________

E. __Alveoli___________________________

F. ___Diaphragm_______________________

G. __Bronchi___________________________

H. ____Lung_________________________

I. ________Trachea_____________________

b. [2.5] Name the areas/structures shown below.

A. ____Adrenal Gland_________________________

B. _____Kidney________________________

C. ______Ureter_______________________

D. ______Bladder_______________________

E. _______Urethra______________________
Name: ___________________________ Student ID: __________________

Short Answer Question 1: [6 pts]

a. [3pts] Distinguish between endocrine, paracrine and autocrine signaling.

b. [3pts] Compare short-term and long-term responses to stress.

Short Answer Question 2: [8 pts] Answer TWO of the following 3 questions.

a. [4pts] Describe the steps involved in inducing muscle contraction. Start with the signal from the brain.
b. [4pts] Compare and contrast the 3 types of muscles.
c. [4pts] You find yourself holding your breath for several seconds. What will be the effect of this on the
concentration of gases in your blood and how will your body respond to this to remediate the situation?[
I am answering __________

I am answering __________
Name: ___________________________ Student ID: __________________

Comparison Table: [3pts]

Contrast Diabetes Type I and Type II. Each line in the table should represent a difference between these two
types of fibers.

DIABETES TYPE I DIABETES TYPE II

Early onset / Children Adult onset normally.

An autoimmune disorder tends to occur in obese, sedentary people.

Low genetic component / Runs in families 80% genetic component

Pancreatic cells are attacked and cannot Cells do not respond to insulin
produce insulin  Body has less insulin/no
insulin available to use when glucose is
ingested.
Need insulin injections. Usually diet and exercise are important for
controlling this and may even prevent this.

LIST QUESTION: [4pts]

List 4 functions of one of the following systems. Make sure to indicate which system you are answering.
a. Renal System b. Respiratory System c. Skeletal System

Skeletal System: [Any 4 of the Following]

• Supports the body
• Protects the soft body parts
• Produces blood cells
• Stores minerals (calcium and phosphate) and fat
• Allows for movement by attaching muscles

Respiratory System: [Any 4 of the Following]

• Provides oxygen
• Eliminates carbon dioxide
• Regulates blood pH (H+ concentration)
• Forms speech / phonation
• Defends against microbes

Renal System: [Any 4 of the Following]

• Excretion of metabolic wastes
• Maintenance of water-salt balance
• Maintenance of acid-base balance
• Hormone secretion: renin and erythropoietin (EPO)
• Reabsorb filtered nutrients and synthesize vitamin D
REGULATION QUESTION: [4pts] [6pts]
To the right is a diagram of the HP axis.
a. [3pts] Complete the boxes with the names of the top 2 organs involved. Also, add to this plot the arrows
showing negative feedback.

[1pt] Hypothalamus
[1pt] Pituitary / Anterior Pituitary /
Hypophysis/Adenohypophysis.
[Note: If they say Posterior Pituitary then give
only 0.5pts]
[1pt] Arrows should show negative feedback,
and I had hoped for a minus or a bar, but it
seems everyone drew arrows, so lets go for
that.

b. Identify what might be wrong in this system given the following levels of hormones.

(i) [1.5pts]High levels of Hormone 1, low levels of Hormone 2 and low levels of Hormone 3.
Ideal Answer:
Location of problem: There is a problem at the level of the pituitary gland / organ that receives the H1
signal. [0.75pts].
Type of problem: It seems that that organ is having problems making hormone 2 or responding to
hormone 1 [0.75pts].

Give 1 pt if student says: Levels of H2 and H3 should be high but they are not.

(ii) [1.5pts] Low levels of Hormone 1, low levels of Hormone 2 and high levels of Hormone 3.

Ideal Answer:
Location of problem: There is a problem with the target gland [0.75pts].
Type of problem: Even though it receives weak/few signals, it is releasing tons of hormone 3. This is
likely a tumor [0.75pts].

Give 1 pt if student says: Levels of H3 are high but they should be low.