Period 7 Key terms: 1890-1945 – Ch.

18-22

1. Imperialism—with regards to time period and US role

2. Interventionist-- with regards to time period and US role
3. Isolationist-- with regards to time period and US role - Isolationism—the 1930s version of
Americans' long-standing desire to avoid foreign entanglements—dominated Congress.
Beginning in 1935, lawmakers passed a series of Neutrality Acts that banned travel on
belligerents' ships and the sale of arms to countries at war.
4. Progressive Era and reformers
5. Liberalism-- with regards to time period and US role
6. Equal Rights Amendment - A proposed amendment to eliminate all legal distinctions "on
account of sex."
7. Harlem Renaissance - The Harlem Renaissance was a movement that spanned the 1920s. The
Harlem Renaissance was the name given to the cultural, social, and artistic explosion that took
place in Harlem, New York. During the time, it was known as the "New Negro Movement",
named after the 1925 anthology by Alain Locke.
8. Sacco Vanzetti case - A well-known case in which two Italian-American anarchists were found
guilty and executed for a crime in which there was very little evidence linking them to the
particular crime.
9. Birth of a Nation and the rise of the Second Klan - A revival of the organization in the 1910s and
1920s that stressed white, Anglo-Saxon, fundamentalist Protestant supremacy.
10. Scopes trial - Trial of John Scopes, Tennessee teacher accused of violating state law prohibiting
teaching of the theory of evolution; it became a nationally celebrated confrontation between
religious fundamentalism and civil liberties.
11. 1921 and 1924 Immigration Act - Restrictions on immigration in the early 20th century, amidst
fears of immigrant radicalism, included limits on the numbers of European immigrants and the
barring of people eligible for naturalized citizenship.
12. Muckrakers - Writers who exposed corruption and abuses in politics, business, meatpacking,
child labor, and more, primarily in the first decade of the twentieth century; their popular books
and magazine articles spurred public interest in reform.
13. Garveyites - Followers of Marcus Garvey, for whom freedom meant national self-determination.
14. Turner’s frontier thesis
15. Phillipine “insurrection”
16. Roosevelt Corallary to Monroe Doctrine—aka Big Stick diplomacy - (1904) An addendum to the
Monroe Doctrine that held that the United States could intervene militarily to prevent
interference from European powers in the Western Hemisphere.
17. Moral diplomacy
18. Treaty of Versailles - The treaty signed at the Versailles peace conference after World War I
which established President Woodrow Wilson's vision of an international regulating body,
redrew parts of Europe and the Middle East, and assigned economically crippling war
reparations to Germany, but failed to incorporate all of Wilson's Fourteen Points.
19. American Expeditionary Force
20. League of Nations - The League of Nations (abbreviated as LN in English, La Société des Nations
[la sɔsjete de nɑsjɔ̃] abbreviated as SDN or SdN in French) was an intergovernmental
organisation founded on 10 January 1920 as a result of the Paris Peace Conference that ended
the First World War. It was the first international organisation whose principal mission was to
maintain world peace.[1] Its primary goals, as stated in its Covenant, included preventing wars
through collective security and disarmament and settling international disputes through
negotiation and arbitration.[2] Other issues in this and related treaties included labour
conditions, just treatment of native inhabitants, human and drug trafficking, the arms trade,
global health, prisoners of war, and protection of minorities in Europe.[3] At its greatest extent
from 28 September 1934 to 23 February 1935, it had 58 members.
21. Eugene V. Debs - Prominent radical, socialist leader (and five time presidential candidate) who
founded the American Railroad Union and led the 1894 Pullman Strike
22. Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire - this factory kept doors locked to avoid theft which trapped
workers inside when a fire erupted (killing 146 people); alerted reformers to the terrible
conditions of industrial workers
23. Margaret Sanger - radical nurse who campaigned for birth control (contraceptives) and planned
parenthood. she began the Birth Control Movement
24. Robert M. LaFollette - Progressive Wisconsin governor who attacked machine politics, big
businesses and pressured the state legislature to require each party to hold a direct primary
25. Muller v Oregon - A famous brief citing scientific and sociological studies to demonstrate that
because they had less strength and endurance than men, long hours of labor were dangerous for
women, while their unique ability to bear children gave the government a legitimate interest in
their working conditions.
26. John Muir
27. Federal Trade Commission - Created to enforce existing antitrust laws that prohibited business
combinations in restraint of trade.
28. 19th amendment - Gave women the right to vote, an example of national social reform
29. Central Powers-WWI

30. The New Deal

31. Court packing scheme - President Franklin D. Roosevelt's failed 1937 attempt to increase the
number of U.S. Supreme Court justices from nine to fifteen in order to save his Second New Deal
programs from constitutional challenges.
32. Dorothea Lange
33. Red Scare of 1919-1920 - Fear among many Americans after World War I of Communists in
particular and noncitizens in general, a reaction to the Russian Revolution, mail bombs, strikes,
and riots.
34. Japanese American internment & Korematsu v US - In 1944, the Supreme Court denied the
appeal of Fred Korematsu, a Japanese-American citizen who had been arrested for refusing to
present himself for internment.
35. Double V campaign - In February 1942, the Pittsburgh Courier coined the phrase that came to
symbolize black attitudes during the war—the "double-V." Victory over Germany and Japan, it
insisted, must be accompanied by victory over segregation at home.
36. Axis Powers-WW2
37. Dawes Plan
38. Wagner Act
39. Social Security Act - Created the Social Security system with provisions for a retirement pension,
unemployment insurance, disability insurance, and public assistance (welfare).
40. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
41. The Grapes of Wrath
42. Scottsboro cases
43. Island hopping strategy
44. Federal agencies like the War Production Board, the Office of Price Administration, Office of War
Administration
45. Four Freedoms - Freedom of speech, freedom of worship, freedom from want, and freedom
from fear.
46. Zoot suit riots - The "zoot suit" riots of 1943, in which club-wielding sailors and policemen
attacked Mexican-American youths wearing flamboyant clothing on the streets of Los Angeles,
illustrated the limits of wartime tolerance.
47. Women’s Air Corps
48. Manhatten Project - Secret American program during World War II to develop an atomic bomb;
J. Robert Oppenheimer led the team of physicists at Los Alamos, New Mexico.
49. Atlantic Charter - Issued August 12, 1941, following meetings in Newfoundland between
President Franklin D. Roosevelt and British prime minister Winston Churchill, the charter
signaled the Allies' cooperation and stated their war aims.
50. Share our Wealth movement - Launched in 1934, its slogan was 'Every Man a King'; the group
called for the confiscation of most of the wealth of the richest Americans in order to finance an
immediate grant of $5,000 and a guaranteed job and annual income for all citizens.
51. House Un-American Committee - Formed in 1938 to investigate subversives in the government
and holders of radical ideas more generally; best-known investigations were of Hollywood
notables and of former State Department official Alger Hiss, who was accused in 1948 of
espionage and Communist Party membership. Abolished in 1975.
52. Dust Bowl - Great Plains counties where millions of tons of topsoil were blown away from
parched farmland in the 1930s; massive migration of farm families followed.