robertlindsay.wordpress.

com
<https://robertlindsay.wordpress.com/2009/03/16/the-peopling-of-indonesia/>

The Peopling of Indonesia | Beyond Highbrow

by Robert A. Lindsay |
18-22 minutes
------------------------------------------------------------------------

/Repost from the old site. Updated September 20, 2016. I am republishing
this post because I have significantly reworked the genetics of the
Indonesians. Instead of being mostly Austronesians from Taiwan, I now
say they are mostly related to an ancient Melanesian Dai group from SE
China that came 10-20,000 years ago
<http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/8/146>. This group imposed
itself on the original people, who were Papuans./

/Later, Austronesians came through, leaving languages but only some genes./

/The breakdown of Indonesians is approximately 70% Ancient Dai

(Melanesian), 15% Austronesians from Taiwan (probably mostly Paiwan and
Ami) and 15% Papuan./

/The ancient Dai appear to have undergone the same progression towards
Mongoloid as occurred with Melanesians throughout Inland SE Asia. In
island SE Asia (Melanesia) and the East of Indonesia, this progression
was much less complete, so people still have strong Melanesian elements.
The degree to which some Melanesians resemble Negritos is rather striking./

/To sum up, the new data indicates that most Indonesians are not related
primarily to Taiwanese aborigines as originally thought. Instead they
are related to Daics from far SE China who left their homeland during
post-glacial flooding that occurred after 18,000 years ago. Only 20% of
the Indonesian line comes from recent (past 4,000 years) Taiwanese
aborigine immigrants./

The prehistory of Indonesia is an interesting question, but it is little

studied.

<http://bp1.blogger.com/_h5L0bq0pIhY/R6v-mtdSHeI/AAAAAAAAAhs/XFPUAlcLUeE/s1600-
h/indonesian+men.JPG>/Typical
Indonesian men. The one on the left looks very Chinese or Filipino. The
one on the right looks a little different. Indonesians are dark, but the
place is right on the equator, so this is to be expected./

Very early man, Homo Erectus, has been found in the islands dating way back.

A multiregional theory has been suggested for the evolution of man in

Indonesia, China and maybe other areas. This theory has been rejected,
however there may be some continuity in China with older forms dating
back 120,000 years or so. The Chinese, Japanese and now Indonesians all
want to say they came from a different monkey.

The theory is also very popular with White Nationalists who are
extremely insulted by the idea of being descended from African Blacks.
In Indonesia and China, these ideas have more to do with the spread of
idiotically antiscientific nationalist-based theories than anything else.
In Indonesia, the nation’s top archaeologist deliberately destroyed
bones ofHomo Florensis recently in spite over the rejection of his pet
theory, that the Homo Erectus relative that lived in modern times are
just modern humans who are microencephalic. This theory seems crazy but
is making the rounds in peer-reviewed journals nevertheless.

Nationalism and science has never worked well, with some particularly
gruesome results especially in the past century. Florensis is a tiny
midget of an early man who is a different species from us. They may have
lived up until 150 years ago, but the hard evidence so far shows they
lived until 13,000 years ago at the latest. I believe they lived until
the arrival of the Europeans. It is possible some may yet exist to this day.

There are a lot of questions about whether or not Florensis and locals
bred in. Some of the locals are very short, and some even think they may
have Florensis like features. Locals say that the Little People are
their ancestors.

The Little People would come to their villages and hide in the forest
watching them. Locals would leave food for the Little People in baskets,
and the Little People would come when no one was around and take the
food – they were described as very shy. It is amazing that such a
primitive man could live in such proximity to modern Homo without
genocidal results.

In the past, contacts between more modern civilizations and more

primitive ones usually had genocidal results. Examples include
Indonesia, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Korea, Africa, the Americas,
Siberia, and probably other places.

Before Florensis, there is Java Man, who dates back possibly to 2

million years. It is due to the prominence of Java Man that the
Indonesian “scientists” have indulged in their childish and petty
behavior. Actually, the Indonesian case above is more complicated than
that – the destroyer of the skulls is the grand old man of Indonesian
archeology, and he cannot be touched.

There are a number of younger archaeologists there who think the man is
an old fool, which he is, but no can do a thing about him.

The question of Homo Erectus being put aside, we now turn to the
development of modern Homo in Indonesia. Here, very little is known for
some reason, but we do have that 33,000 yr. old find in the Malukus.
These people are called Melanesians for lack of a better word, but it
also appears that there were cultural contacts with Australians across
the straights. I believe that a better term for these early people is
Papuans.

At this time, Melanesians were probably generalized all throughout SE Asia.

Sometime around 10-15,000 years ago, these Papuans populated most of the
Mulukus. The nature of the aforementioned contacts with the Australians,
genetic or otherwise, is not known, but that such early modern man had
such excellent boats is stunning. Much is made by racists of the
primitiveness and low IQ’s of Aborigines.

However, we should note the profound cultural achievement it took to

make those boats to get to Australia in the first place. But we had
great boats when we first left the African Horn at Somalia and Djibouti,
went to Yemen and moved along the coast all the say to SE Asia, stopping
along the way in Iran, Yemen, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Burma,
Thailand, Indonesia, New Guinea, Melanesia and Australia.

There is a chain of Negritos in every one of these places, probably the

last remainders of the first modern men that left Africa 60-70,000
years. In Australia, the Negritos went to the Aborigine Major Race
<https://robertlindsay.wordpress.com/2009/03/02/the-major-and-minor-races-of-
mankind/>;
in Papua, they went to the Papuan Major Race
<https://robertlindsay.wordpress.com/2009/03/02/the-major-and-minor-races-of-
mankind/>,
in Melanesia to the Melanesian Minor Race
<https://robertlindsay.wordpress.com/2009/03/02/the-major-and-minor-races-of-
mankind/>.
However, recent data suggests that the Melanesian race is extremely
diverse, so it may have to be re-evaluated.

Some analyses show Melanesians clustering fairly close to Papuans, yet

others show Papuans as a vast major race, tied with Aborigines as the
most diverse on Earth after Africans. They are also some of the furthest
away from Africans.

Whites are more closely related to Africans than Papuans are, yet
everyone from Afrocentrists to White Nationalists wants to say Papuans
are Black people. In the North, they went on to form the early basis for
all members of the Asian Macro-race
<https://robertlindsay.wordpress.com/2009/03/02/the-major-and-minor-races-of-
mankind/>
today.

The standard history is that some unknown Melanesians, about whom we

know little, were the original inhabitants of Indonesia. Recent research
sheds some light on the genesis of these Melanesians.

Turner <http://www.genetics.org/cgi/reprint/130/1/139.pdf>, a specialist

in teeth, using dental morphological traits, hypothesized that two
migrations originated from central China about 20-30,000 YBP (years
before present).

One group, the Sinodonts, expanded northward into China, Siberia and
across the Bering land bridge to the New World. The second group, the
Sundadonts, moved southward into Southeast Asia and Indonesia, and later
through Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia.

This is probably the group that gave rise to the Melanesians.

But the picture is more complicated than that.

Indonesia was settled independently by ancient Dai

<http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/8/146>. These Dai came from from
Hainan and Guangxi in far southern China about 10-20,000 YBP. They may
have left due to rising sea levels that flooded their lands. The ancient
Dai must have looked like Melanesians.

The people most closely resembling the ancient Dai are the Taiwan
aborigines. It is true that the Indonesians do not much resemble the
Taiwan aborigines genetically, and their genetic structure in general is
quite a bit different from Filipinos.
However, this study does not explain how Indonesians came to speak
Austronesian languages obviously derived ultimately from Taiwan.

It is clear to me that when the Austronesians pushed through Indonesia

several thousand years ago, the locals adopted the Austronesian tongues
of the Austronesian colonizers, abandoning whatever tongues they were
speaking at the time (I figure Papuan languages).

Recent tests indicate that the Indonesians derive 71% from the ancient
Dai, 14% from the Taiwan aborigines (Austronesians) and 15% from
Papuans. This study looks at Y chromosomes. 10-20,000 years ago, these
ancient Dai went from Hainan and Guangxi (their homeland) to Taiwan to
become the Taiwan aborigines and also on to Indonesia in two separate waves.

They probably genetically swamped and colonized the native peoples, who
were probably Papuans.

Today, only the Malukus identify

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanesians> as Melanesians, despite the
fact that there are Melanesians on Alor and in other places. On Timor,
Sumba and Flores <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanesians>, there are
people who are at least part-Melanesian who do not identify as
Melanesian. Some of these people are up to 80% Melanesian, as in Alor
<https://robertlindsay.wordpress.com/2009/03/16/update-to-races-of-man-post/>.

The standard history of the rest of the islands such as Sulawesi

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulawesi#History>, Sumatra
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatra> and Bali
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bali#History> is that Austronesians came
4,000 years ago and pushed the native Melanesians to the east. However,
this must be wrong. Instead of pushing Melanesians east, they bred in
with them.

Most Indonesians are an example of a race that used be common all

through SE Asia, including Vietnam – the Ancient SE Asian Race. This
race was widespread throughout SE Asia 2-4,000 years ago. It is
Mongoloid with considerable Australoid admixture.

<http://bp3.blogger.com/_h5L0bq0pIhY/R6v-mNdSHdI/AAAAAAAAAhk/IOa_Vf6GOwo/s1600-
h/2004_Indian_Ocean_Earthquake_relief+Indonesians.jpg>/Tsunami
victims in Aceh on Sumatra. They are quite dark as you can see, but that
is a pigmentation process to enable females to store folic acid for
pregnancy in order to give birth to viable infants. Protection against
sunburn is an interesting theory, but sunburn, even melanoma, does not
kill you before you have children./
/They are members of the Island SE Asian Race
<https://robertlindsay.wordpress.com/2009/03/02/the-major-and-minor-races-of-
mankind/>.
They may have an origin in part with the Paiwan aborigines of Taiwan./

The Sumba <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumba> and probably all of the

other Lesser Sunda Islands
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesser_Sunda_Islands> are inhabited by
people who are a mixture between Austronesians from Taiwan and native
Melanesians – Ancient SE Asians, as described above. Timor also has
Papuans and Polynesians <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Timor>. Early
man arrived on Timor as early as 40,000 years ago
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Timor#Early_history>. These people
must have been Papuans.

The Mulukus such as Babar and Ambon are inhabited by mixtures of

Austronesians from Taiwan and Papuans in the case
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambon_Island> of Ambon and Melanesians in
the case <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babar_Island> of Babar.

4,000 YBP, the Austronesians arrived in Indonesia from Taiwan. Mostly,

these were the Ami, but there is a possibility that other Taiwanese
aborigines were there also, in particular, the Paiwan.

These were the Austronesians, the greatest mariners of all time, who
settled the Philippines, Indonesia, coastal New Guinea, Melanesia,
Micronesia and Polynesia. There are even said to have moved into
mainland SE Asia, particularly Malaysia. In that case, they probably
went to Sumatra first and then moved across the water to Malaysia.

<http://bp0.blogger.com/_h5L0bq0pIhY/R6v-nddSHhI/AAAAAAAAAiE/KkWDydEBJfA/s1600-
h/rt_INDONESIA_Jakarta_041228_ssh.jpg>/These
Indonesian Muslim women praying look very much like Malays. It is not
known where they are from. They may be members of the Malay Race
<https://robertlindsay.wordpress.com/2009/03/02/the-major-and-minor-races-of-
mankind/>
found on Java and Borneo in Indonesia described at the end of the post./

They even seem to be a major component of the Vietnamese. Everywhere

they went, the Austronesians brought a cultural revolution with them,
often upgrading existing cultures, certainly so in the case of New Guinea.

Austronesians arrived in Indonesia at least 4,000 years ago

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Indonesia#Prehistory> by boat,
probably from the Philippines, where they already probably had a mature
settlement. However, the Austronesians show up in Timor as early as
5,000 years ago <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Timor#Early_history>,
so 4,000 years BP may be too late.

Next, at least on Timor, and probably throughout Indonesia, a wave of

Proto-Malays moved through. A group settled Bali 5,000 years ago
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bali#History> who may have been
Proto-Malays. Proto-Malays are also important in the settlement of the
Philippines and Malaysia.

The proto-Malays who settled in the Philippines were said to be short

and very hairy
<http://www.experiencefestival.com/a/Ethnic_groups_in_the_Philippines_-
_History/id/5029325>.
The hairiness is odd for people living in a hot climate. If this
description is true, I suggest that the Proto-Malay may have been an
Ainu-like people, the Proto-NE Asians. A Southern origin is possible for
the Ainu. The pre-Ainu, the Jomon, are said to have origins in Thailand
18,000 years ago. They got on boats and sailed to Japan.

These hairy Proto-Malays may have been related to the pre-Jomon in

Thailand long ago. Proto-Malays show up in the Philippines over 5,000
years BP, before the arrival of the Austronesians. The Proto-Malays who
settled the Philippines and Indonesia are said to have had an origin in
South China and Inland SE Asia.

However, in Malaysia, the Proto-Malay are said to have been created in

Malaysia 3,000 years ago as Austronesians bred in with existing Senoi
<http://arts.anu.edu.au/bullda/Rayner_thesis.pdf>, an Australoid,
Negrito-like, or best of all, Veddoid people. The Proto-Malays are
poorly understood, and some of what is said about them is contradictory.

Austronesians show up in Sulawesi, Java, the Mulukus and Borneo 3,500

years ago. Austronesians moved from Borneo to Sumatra 2,500 years ago,
and from there up into Malaysia to become a component of the Malay Race
<https://robertlindsay.wordpress.com/2009/03/02/the-major-and-minor-races-of-
mankind/>.

<http://bp2.blogger.com/_h5L0bq0pIhY/R6v-m9dSHfI/AAAAAAAAAh0/htbuoP-hAyw/s1600-
h/Indonesian+woman+Samosir+Island.jpg>/A
beautiful woman on Samosir Island on Sumatra. She may be a Toba Batak,
who are members of the Micronesian Race
<https://robertlindsay.wordpress.com/2009/03/02/the-major-and-minor-races-of-
mankind/>.
Unless I am hallucinating, I think that many Micronesians look something
like this. A possible explanation is that the Batak are the remains of
those Austronesian-Melanesian mixes who populated Polynesia and then
left Polynesia to populate Micronesia, but the situation is quite
confused. /

/In the background is one of the famous Toba Batak bark houses. She is
in traditional dress. Note the resemblance to a Filipina. //The Batak,
like the Sea Dayak of northern Borneo and the Nesiot and Igorot of the
Philippines, are linked to the first Austronesian wave out of Taiwan
5,000 years ago. This group is also linked to the Paiwan tribe on Taiwan./

A cultural revolution in Indonesia called Đông Sơn

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dong_Son_culture> was paralleled by
similar developments throughout SE Asia. This culture was centered in
the Red River Valley of northern Vietnam and northward in Southern
Kwangzi and Kwangtung of China, while being generalized throughout
Indonesia, showing up about 3,000 years ago. Originally, the Đông Sơn
were said to be Austronesians, but the latest thinking is that this is
an ancient Tai group.

Wet-rice cultivation spread throughout the islands with Đông Sơn, but
the native Melanesians were already engaging in wet-rice cultivation an
incredible 10,000 years ago
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Indonesia#Prehistory>, making
Indonesia one of the earliest sites for agriculture on Earth.

The Đông Sơn culture was developing in Vietnam from 2,200-2,800 YBP
<http://www.drnguyenviet.com/?id=5&cat=1&cid=22>.

The Đông Sơn kept buffaloes and pigs, fished, grew rice and, in a clue
to their Austronesian nature, sailed in long dugout canoes. An Iron Age
people, they utilized metallurgy to make fine bronze objects, including
drums
<http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/DrumFromSongDaVietnamDong
SonIICultureMid1stMilleniumBCEBronze.jpg/180px-
DrumFromSongDaVietnamDongSonIICultureMid1stMilleniumBCEBronze.jpg>
and figurines
<http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/BronzeFigurineDongsonCult
ure500BCE-300CEThailand.jpg/180px-BronzeFigurineDongsonCulture500BCE-
300CEThailand.jpg>.
Racially, the Đông Sơn peoples belonged to the Indonesian or Ancient
Southeast Asian group – a Southern Mongoloid with strong Australoid
elements (Cuong, 1996).

Đông Sơn also had elements of Dai culture from Yunnan and Laos, Khmer
culture from Cambodia, Tibeto-Burman culture, and the prehistoric Plain
of Jars culture in Laos. So all of these elements
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dong_Son_culture> from mainland SE Asia
and Southern China went into the stew that became Indonesian culture.

Now, Indonesians are members of either the SE Asian Major Race

<https://robertlindsay.wordpress.com/2009/03/02/the-major-and-minor-races-of-
mankind/>,
the Oceanian Major Race
<https://robertlindsay.wordpress.com/2009/03/02/the-major-and-minor-races-of-
mankind/>
or the Papuan Major Race. For the most part, they seem to be some sort
of a mixture between ancient Daic Melanesians and Austronesian Chinese
(Taiwanese).

Haplogroups C, E and F in Figure 1 here

<http://hpgl.stanford.edu/publications/AJHG_2001_v68_p432.pdf>, seem to
have a southern origin. These strains are apparent on a minor scale in
Java, Borneo and Sulawesi. But in Southern Borneo, they reach levels up
to 40%. Haplogroups G, H and L are also associated with Taiwan, the
Philippines and to a lesser extent South China.

L is clearly the Ami of Taiwan, but G and H are less well-understood.

This paper
<http://hpgl.stanford.edu/publications/AJHG_2001_v68_p432.pdf> suggests
that they have a southern (Melanesian) genesis, but that does not make
much sense. H is present at high levels in the Taiwanese Atayal, Bunum
and Paiwan, and G is present at high levels in the Bunum and the Paiwan.
G is at even higher levels in Javans.

<http://bp0.blogger.com/_h5L0bq0pIhY/R6v-nddSHgI/AAAAAAAAAh8/xKcdbpgQrps/s1600-
h/Indonesian+women.jpg>/Some
beautiful typical Indonesian women with the usual phenotype. Note the
resemblance with Thais, Filipinas, and possibly Khmers. These women are
Torajans, who look somewhat like the Batak people pictured above. /

On a principle coordinates map here

<http://hpgl.stanford.edu/publications/AJHG_2001_v68_p432.pdf> (Figure
4), Indonesians cluster close to Filipinos, the Ami of Taiwan and
Southern Chinese.

Indonesians today constitute several races. Papuans and Melanesians were

mentioned above. The Toba Batak are Micronesians, but how they ended up
in northern Sumatra is a mystery.

Indonesians on Java and northern Borneo are members of the Malay Race
<https://robertlindsay.wordpress.com/2009/03/02/the-major-and-minor-races-of-
mankind/>,
also found in Malaysia. Indonesians from Sumatra, Bali and the Sea Dayak
of northern Borneo, along with the Paiwan aborigines from Taiwan, are
members of the Island SE Asian Race
<https://robertlindsay.wordpress.com/2009/03/02/the-major-and-minor-races-of-
mankind/>.
The Sea Dayak are also linked anthropologically with the first wave of
Austronesians out of Taiwan 5,000 years ago, along with the Nesiot and
Igorot in the Philippines. The suggestion is that the first wave of
Austronesians may have been related to the Paiwan tribe.

This clustering is odd, and suggests that the Paiwan, in addition to the
Ami, may have been among the Austronesian seafarers who populated Indonesia.

<http://bp2.blogger.com/_h5L0bq0pIhY/R6xodtdSHiI/AAAAAAAAAiM/KdA5po2Rh8E/s1600-
h/0795_Tribes8.jpg>/Click
to view details. Map showing the Paiwan, Atayal, Bunum and Ami
aborigines of Taiwan. The Paiwan seem to have a relationship with the
Sea Dayak of North Borneo, the Balinese, and the Sumatrans. This
indicates that the Paiwan, located on the lower right on the map, may
have helped to settle Indonesia as Austronesians along with the Ami who
are usually associated with Austronesians. Note that both the Paiwan and
the Ami were properly positioned to colonize island SE Asia./

The Indonesians of Sulawesi, the Lesser Sundas and Borneo are members of
the mainstream Indonesian Race
<https://robertlindsay.wordpress.com/2009/03/02/the-major-and-minor-races-of-
mankind/>.

References

Capelli, C., Wilson, J.F., Richards, M., Stumpf, M.P.H., Gratrix,

F., Oppenheimer, S., Underhill, P., Pascali, V.L., Ko, T.M., and
Goldstein, D.B. (2001). A Predominantly Indigenous Paternal Heritage
for the Austronesian-Speaking Peoples of Insular Southeast Asia and
Oceania
<http://hpgl.stanford.edu/publications/AJHG_2001_v68_p432.pdf>.
American Journal of Human Genetics 68:432-443.

Cavalli-Sforza, L. L., P. Menozzi, A. Piazza. (1994). History and

Geography of Human Genes . Princeton, NJ: Princeton University
Press.Cuong, N.L. 1996. Anthropological Research on Đông Sơnian
Skeletons (in Vietnamese). Hanoi.

Li H, Wen B, Chen SJ, Su B, Pramoonjago P, Liu Y, Pan S, Qin Z, Liu

W, Cheng X, Yang N, Li X, Tran D, Lu D, Hsu MT, Deka R, Marzuki S,
Tan CC, Jin L. 2008. Paternal Genetic Affinity Between Western
Austronesians and Daic Populations
<http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/8/146>. BMC Evol Biol. 8(1):146.

Jablonski, N. and Chaplin, G. (2000). The Evolution of Human Skin

Coloration

<http://www.bgsu.edu/departments/chem/faculty/leontis/chem447/PDF_files/Jablonski_s
kin_color_2000.pdf>.
Journal of Human Evolution.

/This research takes a lot of time, and I do not get paid anything for
it. If you think this website is valuable to you, please consider a a
contribution <https://robertlindsay.wordpress.com/contribute/> to
support more of this valuable research./

Loading…
*

o
Aa
Sans-serif

Aa
Serif

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Aa

------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------
Light

Dark

Sepia

o
@keyframes grow { 0% { transform: scaleY(1); } 15% { transform:
scaleY(1.5); } 15% { transform: scaleY(1.5); } 30% { transform:
scaleY(1); } 100% { transform: scaleY(1); } } #waveform > rect {
fill: #808080; } .speaking #waveform > rect { fill: #58bf43;
transform-box: fill-box; transform-origin: 50% 50%;
animation-name: grow; animation-duration: 1750ms;
animation-iteration-count: infinite; animation-timing-function:
linear; } #waveform > rect:nth-child(2) { animation-delay:
250ms; } #waveform > rect:nth-child(3) { animation-delay: 500ms;
} #waveform > rect:nth-child(4) { animation-delay: 750ms; }
#waveform > rect:nth-child(5) { animation-delay: 1000ms; }
#waveform > rect:nth-child(6) { animation-delay: 1250ms; }
#waveform > rect:nth-child(7) { animation-delay: 1500ms; }

Voice: Default DefaultMicrosoft David Desktop - English (United

States)Microsoft Zira Desktop - English (United States)