INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS
ECE 003
EC42FB1
Submitted to:
Engr. Reginald Phelps T. Laguna
Submitted on:
December 13, 2017
Submitted by:
Abesamis, Beatrice A.
Acuña, Jonalyn A.
Canaya, Regina Marie V.
Castillo, Edith A.
Oca, Eugene B.
I. INTRODUCTION
A diode is made from a small piece of semiconductor
material which can be either Silicon, Germanium, or
Gallium Arsenide (GaAs). Half of it is doped as a p region
and half is doped as an n region with a pn junction and
depletion region in between. The p region is called the
anode while the n region is called the cathode. Fig. 1 shows
a picture of a silicon diode as well as its parts.
Given that Vpri and Vsec are 220 Vrms and 13.5 Vrms,
respectively, and assuming that Nsec is 1, using (7),
𝑁𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑉𝑝𝑟𝑖
𝑁𝑝𝑟𝑖 =
𝑉𝑠𝑒𝑐
1(220 𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 )
𝑁𝑠𝑒𝑐 =
13.5 𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠
𝑁𝑠𝑒𝑐 = 16.3
Fig. 8. Measuring the Medium Value of the Output Voltage of the
𝑁𝑠𝑒𝑐 ≅ 16.7 Bridge Rectifier without Capacitive Input Filter
To start, the schematic diagram in Fig. 6 was done in In Fig. 8, the medium value of the output voltage was
Multisim. AC_POWER (AC power source), 1P1S measured using Multisim’s multimeter.
(configurable transformer, 1 primary, 1 secondary), The capacitor 100 uF was added in the circuit after
ground, 1N4001 (general purpose plastic rectifier), and rectification process. The circuit connection can be seen in
470-Ω resistor were used. This bridge rectifier has no Fig. 9. The output voltage was measured across the load.
capacitive filter.
Fig. 6. Initial Setup for Bridge Rectifier without Capacitor Filter Fig. 9. Initial Setup for Bridge Rectifier with Capacitor C1
Figure 6 covers the rectification process. An AC was selected by means of the selector AC, 0, and
oscilloscope was added to observe the waveform of the DC. Using the Multisim’s oscilloscope, the ripple peak-to-
secondary of the transformer and rectified voltage. Using peak voltage of the circuit with 100-uF capacitor was
KVL analysis, the formula for the output voltage of full- measured in Fig. 9. Its corresponding Ureff and r were
wave rectification will result to (8), wherein Vpsec calculated. Moreover, the medium value of the output
corresponds to the secondary of the transformer. voltage was measured using multimeter in Fig. 10.
Fig. 10. Measuring the DC Medium Value of the Filter Output Voltage of
the Bridge Rectifier (with Capacitive Input Filter C1)
Fig. 14. Measuring the Medium Value of the Output Voltage of the Dual
Power Supply without Capacitive Filter
Fig. 12. Measuring the DC Medium Value of the Filter Output Voltage of
the Bridge Rectifier (with Capacitive Input Filter C 2)
Fig. 15. Displaying the Filtered Output Signal of the Dual Power Supply
B. Activity 2: Dual Power Supply
Same components were used as in the first activity By using multimeter and setting to direct-current, the
except that the transformer is 1P2S. Vpri and Vsec are 220 positive and negative medium value of the filtered output
Vrms and 5 Vrms, respectively. To solve for the secondary voltage were measured in Fig. 16.
ratio of the transformer, using (7),
1(220 𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 )
𝑁𝑠𝑒𝑐 =
5 𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠
𝑁𝑠𝑒𝑐 = 44
Fig. 16. Measuring the DC Medium Value of the Filter Output Voltage of
the Dual Power Supply
Fig. 21. Measuring the DC Medium Value of the Filter Output Voltage of
the Bridge Rectifier (with Capacitive Input Filter C 1)
Fig. 22. Measuring the DC Medium Value of the Filter Output Voltage of
the Bridge Rectifier (with Capacitive Input Filter C 2)
Fig. 19. The input (60 Hz) and output (120 Hz) frequency were measured
using frequency counter.
Fig. 23. Measuring the Medium Value of the Output Voltage of the Dual
Power Supply without Capacitive Filter
Fig. 20. Measuring the Medium Value of the Output Voltage of the
Bridge Rectifier without Capacitive Input Filter
Fig. 24. Output Waveform for Dual Power Supply with Capacitor Filter
Fig. 25. Measuring the DC Medium Value of the Filter Output Voltage of
the Dual Power Supply
Fig. 29. The ripple peak-to-peak voltage produced was 226.025 mV.
Fig. 27. The ripple peak-to-peak voltage produced was 138.048 mV.
Fig. 31. The ripple peak-to-peak voltage produced was 350.489 mV.
Fig. 35. The ripple peak-to-peak voltage produced was 666.792 mV.
Fig. 33. The ripple peak-to-peak voltage produced was 551.912 mV.
Fig. 38. The measured input frequency in the secondary of the transformer
was 60 Hz.
Fig. 36. The ripple peak-to-peak voltage produced was 666.792 mV.
Fig. 39. The output frequency was 120.002 Hz when rectification process
was conducted.
Fig. 40. The medium value was 9.89 V. Fig. 42. The positive DC medium value of the unfiltered output voltage
was 3.407 V.
With a digital multimeter, the direct-current component
of the resistance R1 was measured. The measured and Both switches, S1 and S2, were set to off. By means of
calculated output were compared. cables, the circuit was supplied by connecting the jacks 1,
3, and 2 to the transformer (6-0-6 VAC). The students
noticed the output signal on the oscilloscope display were
of pulsing kind with same amplitude, but were of opposite
sign. Using a digital multimeter, the positive and negative
value of the direct-current component was measured and
compared with the calculated one. Same procedure were
done when measured with both switches on.
The resistor R5 was adjusted to produce a current of 10
mA, 15 mA, 20 mA, 25 mA, and 30 mA. The peak-to-peak
ripple voltage was measured in the oscilloscope.
Fig. 41. The DC medium value of the filter output voltage was 15.31 V.
Fig. 44. The peak-to-peak ripple voltage produced was 680 mV when the
current is 15 mA. Fig. 46. The peak-to-peak ripple voltage produced was 940 mV when the
current is 25 mA.
Calculating for Ureff and r by using (5) and (6),
Calculating for Ureff and r by using (5) and (6),
𝑈𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑓 = (0.3)(680 𝑚𝑉) = 𝟐𝟎𝟒 𝒎𝑽
𝑈𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑓 = (0.3)(940 𝑚𝑉) = 𝟐𝟖𝟐 𝒎𝑽
204 𝑚𝑉
𝑟= = 𝟐. 𝟖𝟗% 282 𝑚𝑉
7.06 𝑉 𝑟= = 𝟑. 𝟗𝟗%
7.06 𝑉
Fig. 45. The peak-to-peak ripple voltage produced was 820 mV when the
current is 20 mA. Fig. 47. The peak-to-peak ripple voltage produced was 960 mV when the
current is 30 mA.
Calculating for Ureff and r by using (5) and (6),
Calculating for Ureff and r by using (5) and (6),
𝑈𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑓 = (0.3)(820 𝑚𝑉) = 𝟐𝟒𝟔 𝒎𝑽
𝑈𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑓 = (0.3)(960 𝑚𝑉) = 𝟐𝟖𝟖 𝒎𝑽
246 𝑚𝑉
𝑟= = 𝟑. 𝟒𝟖% 282 𝑚𝑉
7.06 𝑉
𝑟= = 𝟒. 𝟎𝟖%
7.06 𝑉
Fig. 50. Output Waveform for Bridge Rectifier with Capacitor Filter C 1
using AC (c) With Capacitive Filter C1
Fig. 48. Output Waveform for Bridge Rectifier without Capacitor Filter
(a) Without Capacitive Filter
Fig. 51. Output Waveform for Bridge Rectifier with Capacitor Filter C 2
using DC (d) With Capacitive Filter C2
Fig. 49. Output Waveform for Bridge Rectifier with Capacitor Filter C 1
using DC (b) With Capacitive Filter C1
Fig. 52. Output Waveform for Bridge Rectifier with Capacitor Filter C 1
using AC (e) With Capacitive Filter C2
This only means that the voltage across the diode affects
the rectified voltage assuming practical model. As for the
Umed, the percent difference is 2.93%, which only means
that the data gathered in the experiment is accountable.
Same goes for the frequency in which the output frequency
is doubled.
Fig. 56. Output Waveform for Dual Power Supply without Capacitor
Filter (a) Same Amplitude but Opposite Sign
Fig. 58. Output Waveform for Dual Power Supply without Capacitor
Filter (a) Same Amplitude but Opposite Sign
Introduction Acuña
Objectives Oca
Calculations Castillo
Simulations Abesamis
Experimentation Oca