1 1
sec x = csc x = 2
sin x
2
x
cos x sin x + cos = 1 sin ( x) = sin x
sin x cos x 2 2
tan x = cot x = 1 + tan x = sec x cos ( x) = cos x
cos x sin x
2 2
cot x =
1
tan x =
1 1 + cot x = csc x tan ( x) = tan x
tan x cot x
Periodicity Cofunction
sin (x + 2 ) = sin x cos (x + 2 ) = cos x sin x = cos x cos x = sin x
2 2
csc (x + 2 ) = csc x sec (x + 2 ) = sec x tan x = cot x cot x = tan x
2 2
tan (x + ) = tan x cot (x + ) = cot x sec x = csc x csc x = sec x
2 2
Product Factoring
1 x+y x y
sin x cos y = (sin(x + y ) + sin(x y )) sin x + sin y = 2 sin cos
2 2
2
1 x+y x y
sin x sin y = (cos(x y) cos(x + y )) sin x sin y = 2 cos sin
2 2 2
cos x cos y =
1
(cos(x + y ) + cos(x y )) x+y x y
cos x + cos y = 2 cos cos
2
2 2
cos x sin y =
1
(sin(x + y ) sin(x y )) x+y x y
cos x cos y = 2 sin sin
2 2 2
2 r
sin (2x) = 2 sin x cos x cos (2x) = 1 2 sin x x cos x x cos x
sin = 1
tan =
1
sin x
2 2 2 tan x 2
r
2 2
cos (2x) = cos x sin x tan (2x) =
tan2 x x 1 + cos x x sin x
2
1
cos = tan =
1 + cos x
cos (2x) = 2 cos x 1 2 2 2