AAP224 4A/4B

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

PERAK DARUL RIDZUAN

ASSIGNMENT 2
SEMESTER SEPT 2017 – JAN 2018

COURSE : BUILDING SERVICES II

COURSE CODE : QSM 554

DATE OF ISSUE : WEEK 06

DATE OF SUBMISSION : WEEK 13

PREPARED FOR : DR NATASHA KHALIL

TOPIC : MODERN HYDRAULIC SYSTEM (MHS) (ELEVATOR CONTROL)

PREPARED BY:
NO NAME STUDENT ID

1 MOHAMAD IFIBAIN BIN IBRAHIM 2016596221

2 MOHAMMAD SYAZANI BIN MOHAMMAD KAMIL 2016730173

3 MUHAMMAD AFHAM BIN KAMARUZAMAN 2016315045

4 MUHAMMAD HAKIM BIN MOHD RADIN 2016317191

5 MUHAMMAD ZAIDI BIN IBRAHIM 2016351799

 TABLE OF CONTENT

NO TOPIC PAGE

1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

2 INTRODUCTION

3 LITERATURE REVIEW

4 CASE STUDY :

a. Background of the chosen buildings/site

b. Sketches of layout of the building to show

the location of systems

c. Types of components

d. Report & pictures of the components

e. Controlling and monitoring

f. Method of building audit and evaluation for

the system
5 STUDENT’S OBSERVATION AND ANALYSIS

6 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

7 REFERENCES

10 APPENDIX
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulillah, first of all we would like to thank God as we are finally able to finish our
report. This task had been done with all afford by our group members.

Besides that, big thank we address to our lecturer Dr Natasha Khalil because without
her guide, our report cannot be done properly like this. She always gives us supports and
guide on how to do this report in purpose to produce a really good understanding about
construction industry.

Apart from that, we would like to convey our fully thankfulness to the Mr .......as ........
Of Diamond Building Suruhanjaya Tenaga, Putrajaya for helping us by means of giving
us countless information that we cannot gain from anyone else. All those information are
very beneficial for us to finish up our research.

Then, special dedicated to our beloved parent for their blessing. A big thank to all
our beloved family who gave support in both moral and spiritual, encouragement and
understanding in carrying out the report to such a great degree. Even though there are lots
of challenges occur during this report, we manage to overcome all the problems with the
help of motivation from parents and siblings.

Finally, a big thank to our group members that always stick together and also work
hard to produce this good report with all afford and responsibility. Hope that all these efforts
will give a lot of benefits to each of our group member. Million thanks also we wish to our
classmate as they help us in completing our report. They always gave us ideas and
comments on our report so that we can improve our project in many ways.

1
 INTRODUCTION

In recent years the world has witnessed great development in the field of industry,
especially computer and software industry, which contributed to a clear and significant
progress that has happened in all the other sectors. And also appeared giant buildings and
skyscrapers that need to become style makes navigating between floors easy, flexible and
fast.

Here appears the role of computer and software to solve this problem and in cooperation
with the sector to another in solving this problem, where he discovered the elevator.

The elevator is a type of vertical transport equipment that efficiently moves people or goods
between floors (levels,decks) of a building, vessel or other structure. Elevators are generally
powered by electric motors that either drive traction cables or counterweight systems like a
hoist, or pump hydraulic fluid to raise a cylindrical piston like a jack.

In this report, we will find out how these ubiquitous machines move you from floor to floor.
We'll also look at the control systems that decide where the elevator goes and the safety
systems that prevent catastrophes.

2
LITERATURE REVIEW

3
 CASE STUDY
Background of the chosen buildings/site

Sketches of layout of the building to show the location of systems

4
Types of components
This lift consists of 4 mainly components, namely, :-

Tank
Holds the liquid used in the system. This liquid is usually oil based because it’s non
compressible or self lubricating.

Motor
Constantly puts water into the system and push oil into the cylinder to lift the
elevator.

Valve
Lets water out of the system and keeps the pressure low when open while increases
pressure when closed.

Actuator
A device that transfers fluid or electrical energy into mechanical energy. It happens
becausa a piston moves up and down.

Report & pictures of the components

5
Controlling and monitoring
Elevator control system uses Systems that are Real-time, Distributed, and
Embedded :-

Real Time Computer system is a computer system in which the correctness of the
system behavior depends not only on the logical results of the computations, but
also on the physical instant at which these results are produced.

Embedded Computer System is a system that uses a computer as a component,

but whose prime function is not that of a computer (use software in hardware).

Method of building audit and evaluation for the system

6
 STUDENT’S OBSERVATION AND ANALYSIS

Hydraulic Elevators

The concept of an elevator is incredibly simple it's just a compartment attached to a

lifting system. Tie a piece of rope to a box, and you've got a basic elevator.

Of course, modern passenger and freight elevators are a lot more elaborate than
this. They need advanced mechanical systems to handle the substantial weight of
the elevator car and its cargo. Additionally, they need control mechanisms so
passengers can operate the elevator, and they need safety devices to keep
everything running smoothly.

Hydraulic elevator systems lift a person or other using a hydraulic ram, a fluid-driven
piston mounted inside a cylinder. You can see how this system works in the diagram
below.

Hydraulic lifts Layout

7
How Elevators Work :

The cylinder is connected to a fluid-pumping system (typically, hydraulic systems like

this use oil, but other incompressible fluids would also work). The hydraulic system
has three parts:

1. A tank (the fluid reservoir)

2. A pump, powered by an electric motor
3. A valve between the cylinder and the reservoir

To Up:

The pump forces fluid from the tank into a pipe leading to the cylinder. When the
valve is opened, the pressurized fluid will take the path of least resistance and return
to the fluid reservoir. But when the valve is closed, the pressurized fluid has nowhere
to go except into the cylinder. As the fluid collects in the cylinder, it pushes the piston
up, lifting the elevator.

When the person approaches the correct floor, the control system sends a signal to
the electric motor to gradually shut off the pump. With the pump off, there is no more
fluid flowing into the cylinder, but the fluid that is already in the cylinder cannot
escape (it can't flow backward through the pump, and the valve is still closed). The
piston rests on the fluid, and the person stays where it is.

To Down:

To lower the person, the elevator control system sends a signal to the valve. The
valve is operated electrically by a basic solenoid switch. When the solenoid opens
the valve, the fluid that has collected in the cylinder can flow out into the fluid
reservoir. The weight of the car and the cargo pushes down on the piston, which
drives the fluid into the reservoir. The car gradually descends. To stop the person at
a lower floor, the control system closes the valve again.

8
 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

In conclusion, from our site visit held in the past, we can learn and get a lot of information about
green buildings located in Putrajaya's Precinct 2, opposite the Immigration Department, namely to
Suruhanjaya Tenaga’s Headoffice, or Diamond Building.

We are required to brief about background of the chosen buildings or site, sketches of layout of the
building to show the location of systems, types of components, report & pictures of the
components, controlling and monitoring, and method of building audit and evaluation for the
system which are used in the studied building.

Furthermore, we took pictures and videos, in order to gather prove and information on different
sides. We should be proud to have Diamond Building place and contribute to Putrajaya’s tourism
instead. The building has their own green features value that can be conserved for the future
generation.

The building was constructed to provide facilities consistent with role as Authority and Regulator for
energy sector and show case energy efficient and sustainable building while acts as landmark
building.

One of the most unique features about The Diamond Building is that was constructed as a distinctive
diamond form which is prominent and unique, symbolizes value, quality, transparency & durability,
and as an optimum passive design approach to achieve energy efficiency.

In addition, we also got to observe and analysis the real construction technology and method, the
relationship between different structural components elevator control with the importance of
choosing material for big structures likes this green building.

Besides, all comments and views received from visitors and the public at large were acknowledged
and considered to improve the course of the project. The success of the project was largely
attributed to the close supervision and high spirits of teamwork among the contractor, consultants
and government officials.

9
 REFERENCES

http://www.sukanta.info//digital/electronics-2/an-elrvator-circuit

http://www.lbpcentral.com/forums/show theared.php?18351-tutorial-3-1designing-an-advanced
elevator

http://ptolemy.eeecs.berkeley.edu/conferences/99/building.pdf

APPENDIX

10