GR1 Gr Unit 1 Simple present and present progressive We use the simple present for: © facts and permanent states. John works for Express Inc. © general truths and laws of nature. Water boils at 212°F. + habits and routines (with always, usually, etc). She Usually does the housework on Fridays. © schedules and programs (in the future). His train leaves at six clock tomorrow morning. © sports commentaries, reviews, and narrations. Curry steals the ball, he shoots, and he scores! © feelings and emotions. | love Macirid. It’s @ beautiful city, The time expressions we use with the simple present| are: usually, often, always, every dayweek/month/year| etc, in the morning/afternoon/evening, at night, on Fridays/the weekend, etc. We use the present progressive (present of to be + present participle of main verb): * for actions taking place at or around the moment of speaking. The kids are sleeping now. ‘© for temporary situations. | am working at my dad’s restaurant this week. ‘© forfixed arrangements in the near future.{’m meeting Karen at the movies tonight. * for currently changing or developing situations. The world’s population is growing at a fast rate. * with adverbs such as ‘always’ to express anger or imitation at a repeated action. He is always forgetting the children’s birthdays. ‘The time expressions we use with the present progressive are: now, right now, at the moment, at resent, these days, nowadays, still, today, tonight, etc. Stative verbs Stative verbs are verbs which describe a state rather than an action, and so do not usually have a progressive tense. These verbs are: * verbs ofthe senses (see, hear, smell, taste, touch, etc) The fresh bread smells delicious. © verbs of perception (know, believe, understand, realize, remember, forget, etc) | don't believe anything she says. ‘+ verbs which express feelings and emotions flike, love, hate, enjoy, prefer, detest, desire, want, etc) Diana loves watching old movies. ‘+ and some other verbs (be, contain, include, belong, fit, need, matter, cost, own, want, weigh, wish, have, keep, etc) The price doesn't include sales tax. ‘Some of these verbs can be used in progressive tenses but with a difference in meaning. ammar Reference Section Epes SSS THINK Weare thinking about Ithink she’s very good | moving. dancer. (= believe) (are considering) HAVE She is raving problems He has a home in Portugal. | at work (owns, possesses) experiencing) SEE 1'm seeing the vice {can see my school from. | president at seven o'clock. here. (= itis visible) m meeting) | see your point (understand) TASTE The pasta tastes terible. itis, has the flavor of) ‘SMELL ‘The air smells clean. {has an aroma) ‘APPEAR She appears to be saying something, (= seemsto be) Pete is tasting the soup to seeifitis salty enough. (= Is testing) The police dogis smelling the shirt. (is sniffing) The band is appearing at the cultural center. (=is, performing) FIT Tinais fitting new shelves These pants fit me well. _| for small books. (=1s, (they're the right size) | attaching) Note: ‘+ The verb enjoy can be used in progressive tenses to ‘express a specific preference. Anna realy enjoys reading novels. (general preference) BUT: He's enjoying the summer music festival. (spectic preference) * The verbs look (when we refer to somebody's appeorance), feel (experience a particular emotion), hurt, and ache can be used in simple or progressive tenses with no difference in meaning. We feel very angry. = We are feeling very angry. juency These include always, frequently, often, once, twice, sometimes, never, usuall occasionally, etc. * Adverbs of frequency are normally placed beforethe main verb | always eat breakfast. hardly ever drink coffee. * However, adverbs of frequency are placed after the verb to be and after auxiliary verbs. Peters never late for work. have always wanted to go to Australia ) ever, hardly ever, rarely, Present perfect We use the present perfect (have + past participle of main verb) for: '* an action that happened at an unstated time in the past. The emphasis ison the action, the time that it ‘occurted is unimportant or unknown. | have mowed the lawn. Dan has seen the movie twice,